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This is due to the fact that in GOF, only the relays are used to suppress the interferences at the
receivers, but in the proposed IA schemes, the transmit, the relay, and the receive filters are jointly
designed to achieve interference-free communication. Page 106. Kd antennas, but this does not
utilize the additional antennas available at the relay. Recent work has proposed the idea of
Interference Alignment (IA). Through simulations, it has been shown that the proposed algorithms
achieve higher sum rate than the reference algorithms known from literature. The number of
antennas required at the nodes to perform SA and CA is derived. Simulation results show that
typically the algorithm finds the global minimum, i.e., the sum of SEs becomes zero. Three DoF are
achieved, which is the same as that achieved by the IA algorithm proposed in Chapter 3 for a single
relay. In the multi-user communication, the interference is one of the challenges to be mitigated. The
frequency synchronization is also performed by helps of 10 MHz reference clocks (CLK). Each node
has N antennas and wants to transmit d data streams to its communication partner. The randomness
of fading may degrade communication quality. Our main focus is on theoretical modelling and the
derivation of capacity-achieving schemes for. It is assumed that the self interference can be perfectly
cancelled. Enabling future wireless networks to fulfill this expectation is a challenging task both due
to the scarcity of radio resources (e.g. spectrum and energy), and also the inherent characteristics of
the wireless transmission medium. First, the sum rate achieved by the maxSNR and MMSE
algorithms proposed in this chapter are compared with the IA algorithms proposed in this thesis and
the reference algo- rithms described in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4. Q half-duplex relays with R
antennas each aid in the bi-directional communication between K node pairs. The dashed lines are
the results obtained without the feedback compression while the solid lines are with compression
(although the frequency domain granularity is still applied). Therefore, in this thesis, these three
filters are designed iteratively by fixing two of the three filters and designing the third one.
Therefore, at each step, the sum of the SNRs is guaranteed to increase and hence, the algorithm is
guaranteed to converge at least to a local maximum. Figure 5.7 shows the sum of SNRs versus the
number of iterations for 10 arbitrarily chosen channel realizations. This normalization is done to
prevent the coefficients of the relay filters from converging to very small values at the end of the
iterations. The concepts developed in this thesis can be extended depending on the new challenges
introduced by relaxing one or more assumptions. Finally the condition for the applicability of the
closed form solution is derived. We next explain each type of these reference signals: Figure 4. In the
following, first the optimization problem is introduced. It will be shown that the problem of IA can
be decoupled into three linear problems. Then the number of antennas required at the nodes to
perform IA is derived in terms of a properness condition. The RUSSj of the node pair (j, k) should be
disjoint of the subspace spanned by the union of the useful subspaces of all the other node pairs. In
Chapter 3, the properness condi- tion derived for both the proposed and the reference schemes are
independent of the reciprocity of the channel. In addition, for the proposed IA algorithm, the nodes
need only pair-wise channel knowledge and only the relay needs global channel knowledge to
perform IA. This similarity measure of (A,B) is inversely related to the minimum principal angle
between the subspaces A and B. However, the sum of SEs is minimized in each iteration step.
The transmitted frame structure is depicted in Fig. 4. In our experiment, each frame consists of 20
payload symbols and either two or three reference signals (RS) (i.e. pilot symbols). The payload
symbols are concurrently transmitted from all the sources while each stream is beamformed with its
corresponding beamforming filter instructed by Algorithm 1. In the following, first the sum rate
performance of the IA CZF algorithm is compared with that of the reference GOF algorithm. This
has come along with the introduction of Interference Alignment (IA). Hence, we successively
optimize Uk, Gq and Vi to satisfy (4.17). 4.3.4 Properness condition In this section, the properness
condition for IA is derived. How to perform IA when the total number of antennas at the relays is
larger than the minimum required number and how to utilize the additional antennas available at the
relays. The test-bed implementation of iterative transceiver design and power control algorithm is
presented in Section 6. As the MSEk involves only the receive filter Uk at receiver k, the receive
filters can be optimized independently. By this projection operation, the signal components in RISS
are nullified. The nodes have N antennas and, hence, the receive space is N dimensional. The
channel matrix between the relay and receiver k is a linear map if R. First, the case when there are
multiple IA solutions and the solutions are available in closed form is considered. As the subspaces
of RISS are determined independently, this approach will need more variables than that required to
design RISS as a single subspace by the iterative algorithm proposed in Section 3.3.4.1.3. The basic
idea of the closed form solution is as follows: RISS is of dimension R?Kd ?d. H. Maier, A. Chaaban,
R. Mathar, A. Sezgin, Capacity Region of the Reciprocal Deterministic 3-Way Channel via Delta-Y
Transformation, Proceedings: 52nd Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control and
Computing, Monticello, Illinois, USA, October 2014. Bekkerman J. Tabrikian Engineering IEEE
Transactions on Signal Processing 2006 TLDR This paper shows that the configuration with spatially
orthogonal signal transmission is equivalent to additional virtual sensors which extend the array
aperture with virtual spatial tapering and provides higher performance in target detection, angular
estimation accuracy, and angular resolution. IA ist bei hohen Signal-zu-Rausch Abstanden optimal.
All the IA algorithms proposed are for unidirectional communication. Also, for a special case for
which the conditions are given in this thesis, a closed form solution is also proposed. Through IA,
each node is able to get more than 1K of the total bandwidth. In this thesis, DoF is defined as the
number of data streams that can be transmitted simultaneously without interference at the receivers
per time slot and per subcarrier. In this thesis, the total number of data streams per channel use that
can be transmitted interference free in the network is defined as the degrees of freedom (DoF). As
described in Section 2.5, the two-way relay channel is a multiple key hole channel and it has been
shown that the relay needs R. There is a need for a real-time implementation of the above. Therefore,
the left hand side of (4.8) is a block-diagonal matrix. In this algorithm, the objective is as follows:
out of all the available IA solutions, the one that maximizes the SNR is chosen. As K increases to a
very large number, the resource allocated to each node decreases to a very small fraction and this
small fraction may not be sufficient for the node to transmit its signal to its receiver. However, the
average amplitude of the channel remains constant. A single relay is considered in scenario A1 which
is the same scenario as introduced in Chapter 3. However, at low and medium SNR, suppressing only
the interference signals is not sufficient as noise plays a significant role in these regions. In the
following, first CZF is represented by a set of bilinear equations. Therefore, in this thesis, these three
filters are designed iteratively by fixing two of the three filters and designing the third one.
H. Maier, R. Mathar, Uniform and Non-Uniform Delay-Rate Tradeoffs in Partial Ergodic
Interference Alignment, Proceedings: IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW 2012), Lausanne,
Switzerland, September 2012. As the RUSS and the TUSS are of dimension Kd, transceive ZF can
be performed at the relay. The second algorithm is based on the minimum mean squared error
(MMSE). Finally, an iterative algorithm to achieve IA is proposed. This is due to the fact that the sum
rate curve of the the proposed IA algorithm is higher than that of the reference ZF algorithm. Figure
3.3 depicts the sum rate curves for the proposed IA algorithm for scenario A2 and scenario A3. This
normalization is a non-linear step and hence, affects the sum of SEs after each iteration. However,
for scenario B3, only iterative algorithm can be applied. 2000 iterations are considered for the
simulations. Figure 3.7 shows the sum rate of the proposed IA algorithm and of the reference
algorithm. Two new concepts, namely signal alignment (SA) and channel alignment (CA), are
proposed to decouple the design of the transmit and the receive filters, respectively, from the design
of the relay filter. If the nodes and the relays have more than the corresponding minimum required
number of antennas, then IA is feasible. It can be seen from Figure 5.4 that the maxSNR algorithm
achieves a higher sum rate than the MMSE algorithm especially at high SNR. The variables in the
system are the transmit, the relay and the receive filter matrices. Finally, the convergence of the
iterative algorithm is discussed. Thus the overhead could be reduced to one percent for the
environment in Fig. 5. Three types of RS are employed in the network, which are referred to as
channel state information RS (CSI-RS), demodulation RS (DM-RS) and power RS (P-RS). The total
power of the interference, I F k which appears in the nominator is a function of transmitting powers
at all the interfering transmitters. In general, it can be seen from the properness condition (3.31), that
for every two additional antennas at the relay, the required number N of antennas at each of the
nodes is reduced by one. This means the conditions (2.15) and (2.16) have to be fullfilled. RISS is of
dimension R?Kdand RUSSj is of dimension d. As the empirical CDF implies, implementation of
Algorithm 1 in PC scheme leads to at least 4dB gain in 90% of the measurements. Fig. 7 also shows
that in 10% of the measurements gains higher than 13 dB was observed. Note that these scenarios
have been considered either in Chapter 3 or in Chapter 4 for the performance analysis of the IA
schemes proposed in the corresponding chapters. Hence, the maxSNR algorithm achieves a higher
sum rate than the MMSE algorithm at high SNR. The framework contains a toolbox for coding and
modulation (AMC and OFDM1) which was used in the implementations of the next two sections.
Expand 234 PDF 1 Excerpt Save Energy-efficient link adaptation in frequency-selective channels
Guowang Miao N. In S k, the SNRs of all the reported sub-carriers are first reconstructed. However,
the advent of a novel interference coordination technique known as interference alignment (IA)
brought to the forefront the promise of a much larger spectral efficiency. Therefore, without loss of
generality, there are Kd effective data streams that are transmitted through the relays. Page 44. Thus,
the above conditions can be rewritten as UHk Q. The CSI-RS are transmitted orthogonally; i.e., one
CSI-RS is transmitted from each transmit antenna in the network while the other antennas are silent.
In contrast to this, if the relay and receive filters are not normalized after each iteration, the sum of
SEs is guaranteed to reduce after each iteration, but the sum of SEs at the end of the iterations shall
be quite significant. The alignment of interference in the lower dimension is achieved by designing
suitable precoders that satisfy the power constraints. Therefore, in comparison with A2 the additional
variables in A3 do not increase the DoF. Page 59.