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Tachycardia Detection System Using Pulse Sensor

Author: Siwar Barkho
Supervisor: Dr. Nagham Saeed
Contact e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract Aims and Objectives

Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) are sequences of heartbeats that are irregular, Aims
too fast, too slow, or conducted via an abnormal electrical pathway through the heart.
Tachycardia developed system arrhythmic pulse detection, measuring the Design, build and develop a low cost tachycardia detection system.
physiological parameters of human health may be affected through temperature and
heart rate. The detect pulse to pulse by using PPG sensor, provide beats to Objectives
differentiate in arrhythmic sensor and is very quick to detect signals to occurring
everyday life in link characteristics of the patients. This project used a heartbeat ➢ Perform comprehensive literature search on tachycardia detection system by using
sensor, LM358 amplifier and signal processing that the detector monitors to transfer pulse sensor.
and transmit to the microcontroller. At the receiving end, signal processing is used by ➢ Suggest and choose potential solutions to the problem.
the amplifier in detector circuits. The input signal system in the microcontroller gives ➢ Build and test tachycardia detection system using pulse sensor of technology to be
the results of pulses and display using LCD at the receiving end. Typically, a healthy safe and secure -to- use for healthy patients.
heart rate is 60-100 beats per minute. So, the process of Tachycardia detection PIC
microcontroller system in this project is to use a signal from the input and process the
pulses to give the results to LCD in microcontroller connection, detect the condition of
the signal. Methodology
Introduction It is recommended to apply fingertip to the patient if the treatment signal determines
that the cardiac pulse is current in the patient and the ECG data acquired from the
Tachycardia detection represented on the ECG as a series of waves and patient point a cardiac of the rhythm Suitable for direct treatment. Electrocardiogram
electrocardiogram is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart. and transmit signal data in the patient to the processing health care, in particular to
ECG is used to test for irregularities in how the heart functions. In the electrical analysis methodically the ECG data piezoelectric signal and select identical in real
heart, the way the electrodes placed on different parts of the body. An time with a ventricular for the cardiac analysis pulse. So, the pulse sensor is used to
electrocardiogram is the P wave, T wave, and QRS complex as showing in the count heartbeat per minute and display that sensor to confirm the device received
figure(1). The pulse of the natural heart is very reasonable and very similar in all signal for optical heartbeat monitor. In this method using the sensor that fingertip
areas. The normal heartbeat is very regular and very similar across the board some and read the amount of infrared light reflected by the blood circulating inside a body,
people have a very fast heartbeat so, this could happen when movement heart went where the heart pumps blood pressure rises sharply or does the amount of infrared
up and down or a flight of stairs. Some people have a very slow heartbeat, either at from the emitter that gets revealed to the detector passes more current when it
rest or just somebody who is quite athletic, and their heart beats slower because receives more light.
they have a very efficient cardiovascular system. Sometimes in ECG people have The PIC16F877A microcontroller and pulse sensor are used to count heartbeat per
irregular heartbeats many different heart conditions can cause the heart to beat minute. To apply and test pulse sensor rate and displayed on LCD. A display is
irregularly and being able to examine that. The electrical behaviour of the heart is ending by an output of pic microcontroller to contains components which are
significant for diagnosing problems related to cardiovascular health. onboard that includes segment displays and drives for each. PC do a real-time
According to the cardiac parameters for a healthy body, the heart rate is lower at rest display of pulse sensor or signal to confirm the device received a message and LED
and higher during exercise. Typically, the pulse varies from low to high levels when signal is high when pulse reasonable signal. A pulse sensor is handy for optical
relaxing and doing stressful activity respectively. The discrepancy changes from heartbeat monitor and made up of amplification circuit as sensor or noise circuit to
person to person depending on several variables, including body type, environment, steady heartbeat from output voltage of the waveform.
gender, fitness, medications, etc. As such, the pulse can help doctors to give results
for treatment. A person’s heartbeat is between 60 to 100 beats per minute. Adults
have a lower heart rate than children on average.

Figure1: Electrocardiogram(wikilectures.eu.co.2018)

Heart rates can vary when changing posture, particularly when becoming upright
from a seated or lying position. Importantly, under these conditions, blood pressure
changes are not supposed to be observed and do not form part of the diagnosis.
P wave
Is full of blood to create an action between the left and right of heart. A wave of atrial
that the electric impulse unable to be seen to causes low amplitude. Also, the SA
node generates the signal, and then that signal spreads to the muscle cells in the
atria. The P wave is depolarization of the atrial to see the peck. A normal P wave of
the heart is two and a half millimetre divisions.
QRS wave
QRS wave is depolarization of the ventricles that is what is represented by the QRS Figure 2: Block Diagram Of The Tachycardia Detection System Using Pulse Sensor
complex. This complex consists of three waves. Q wave is (downward deflection),R
wave (upward deflection) and the S wave (downward deflection). It represents the
contraction of the right and left ventricles of the heart, Produces a much higher
amplitude voltage than any other portions of the electrocardiogram. Is because the
ventricles are much thicker than the atria and provide a more powerful contraction. Conclusions
PR Segment
Is the point at which the AV node delays the signal, it depolarises and sends the
electrical message through the bundle of veins and the fibres located in the walls of Tachycardia detection determines for an efficient system to calculate the heartbeat per
the ventricles, does not cause contraction of the ventricles just yet. minute, technical according to a strict application to improve patient’s health.
T wave Monitoring the heartbeat by using fingertip sensor to read, measure cardiac, that
Is repolarization of the ventricles and probably wondering where the signal that design and problem monitor to focus on pulse detection of quality of health.
comes from the ventricles are significantly large than this little signal that comes This system has a low cost, measures the heartbeat using a fingertip sensor and
from the atria but if the heart considerably smaller than the ventricles? When the monitors body temperature of the patient. In real time the system reads and analyses
heart relaxes, that period T wave extends from a peak to a flat slope. If the cells in the heart rate signals to transmit measurements and warmth to an LCD monitor, which
the ventricles depolarize, that is going to have a much higher effect on the ECG is continually updated. Such a device could be useful for people who are proficient in
because more cells depolarising sends a stronger signal, which in turn leads to sports or physical exercise during activities. This device can be easily implemented as
repolarisation. a resource to benefit from the smartphone or watches provided by this system.
ST Segment
All the cardiac cells in the ventricles have depolarized, at which point the
repolarization of cells in the ventricle begins.

References
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➢ MEFANET, C. (2018). Electrocardiography - WikiLectures. Retrieved from https://www.wikilectures.eu/w/Electrocardiography.
➢ Microcontrollers and Application, programming K-Uma Rao Andhe B.S, Pearson 2009.
➢ Samuel, L (2018). 048 How to Read an Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) - Interactive Biology, with Leslie Samuel.
➢ Ventricular Tachycardia, New Insights for Healthcare Professional(2013 Edition Scholarly Brief).
➢ Electrocardiogram. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.heartandstroke.ca/heart/tests/electrocardiogram