Faculty of Engineering Cairo

University
Systems Modeling and Simulation
Project Report
(SM Pizza Shop)

Name ID
Omar Khaled Mohamed Samir 1180359
Mostafa Sabry Mohamed 1180567

Program: IEM
Submitted to: Prof. Tamer Abdelmaguid
Date:2-1-2023
Table of contents
Contents
Table of contents ............................................................................................................................. 2
Problem Definition: ........................................................................................................................ 3
1-General shop details ................................................................................................................. 3
2-Sequence of operations inside the shop .................................................................................. 3
3-Required from results simulation:........................................................................................... 4
Assumptions:............................................................................................................................... 4
Arena Model.................................................................................................................................... 4
Processes interpretation into Arena model................................................................................. 4
Processes and resoures summary .............................................................................................. 13
Arena Input Analyzer ..................................................................................................................... 14
Output ............................................................................................................................................ 15
Problem Definition:
The Project aims to solve SM pizza shop Problem, by constructing an Arena Model and
identifying the needed resources that achieve customer satisfaction with minimum costs,
highlighted information that were important in the Problem document are as follows.

1-General shop details

Performance measure is the time that customer receives the order, which is identified as 35
minutes for carry-out, and 45 minutes for delivery.

64% of the orders are for one pizza; 31%, two pizzas; and 5%, three pizzas

The pizza size is not dependent on the order size (32%, large; 56%, medium; and 12%, small).

60% are carry-out order while 40% are delivery orders

2-Sequence of operations inside the shop

• order taking
• pizza making
• oven
• cut and box
• delivery or carry-out

The order taking process has an automatic system and does not to be included in the simulation.

The pizza making is a three-step process on a make table, that can hold from 1-3 people with
various tasks assignment, each task time depends on the pizza size and the data for each process
were shown in the distribution table in the document.

Oven is a conveyor that is divided into load area, main oven and unload area. And a coming
pizza waits for an available space in the load area, then enters the oven after 1.9 minutes from
placement into load area and leaves after 7.5 minutes.

The last operation is of cutting and boxing is done by a single worker before delivery or carry-
out.

The worker is also required to assemble additional pizza boxes and delivery men can help him in
their idle time.
3-Required from results simulation:
• Number of people at make table (6.15$/hour each)
• Oven size—Series I, II, or III, which are different in load areas
• Number of delivery people. (7.15$/hour each).

Assumptions:
• The inter arrival time follows a schedule to complete the delivery of the remaining orders
in process after the three hours
• The priority of working in the additional boxes process is for the drivers in their idle time
not the worker
• The Boxes rate of arrival is 60 per hour

Arena Model
Processes interpretation into Arena model.
Arrival process according to schedule from 18:00 to 21:00, the three-hour peak time.
The rate of arrival begins low 20/hour rises to mean value 40/hour until it reaches the peak of
60/hour then it continues with mean value and falls at the last quarter-hour.
A discrete random variable Npizzas that represent number of pizzas ordered according to
probabilities, the Decide Module separates orders of 2 pizzas into 2 entities and 3 pizzas to 3
entities.
Assigning the pizza size independently from order size, so every entity entered a decide module
that had the size probability values (32%, large; 56%, medium; and 12%, small).
The processing time of every process is assigned in each module, in addition to pizza size.
The next stage is a simulation of each of the 3 processes at the making table Arranging queue
line had to be assisted by a hold module, because making table space is limited, that there is
available space for only one pizza between each stage at the table and a place for one pizza to
wait before the oven.
The Action of each process depended on Number of cooks, during the simulation using 3 cooks
each process was defined as seize delay release, as each cook was assigned to one job. When two
cooks where assigned the Action of the first process stayed the same, while the other two
changed to seize delay during the primary ingredients process and then delay release during
final ingredients process.
Hold 5 condition designed to allow only entities when dough and saucing is idle and when there
is available space between first 2 processes.

Hold 2 condition when the Primary ingredients WIP==0.

Hold 1 condition allows a pizza to enter when there is sufficient space fo it in the load area, the
configuration of the random variable LA will be explained later
After pizza enter load area it takes 1.9 minutes loading Process, and itsaction is configured as
delay followed by a 7.5 minute oven process configured also as delay then it enters cut and place
process the cut and place time is a triangular distribution obtained by analyzing data on input
analyzer.

The Assign load area after pizza assign Module subtracts pizza size from Load area initial Value
and the Assign Load Area after enetring oven assign Module adds pizza size to the area after the
pizza has entered the oven. By that the variable is controlled.
The Pizzas are assembled using Batch module to its original order and then 60% goes to carry
out and 40% to delivery using decide module. Record module is used to record time that each
entity takes in carry-out and in delivery.

The additional boxes is another cycle based on the assumption that 60 boxes are required to be
assembled every hour during the three-hour working period. It is also assumed that if the
delivery man is idle he is going to do the assembly job, otherwise it is performed by cutting
worker.
Processes and resoures summary
Arena Input Analyzer
The input analyser software was used to determine the time distribution that fits the cut and
boxing process, the fit all analysis showed that Triangular distribution had a low error, and it
was chosen because it is a known distribution that has few parameters

Fit All Summary

Function Sq Error

-----------------------

Lognormal 0.00278
Gamma 0.00307
Erlang 0.00313
Triangular 0.00381
Weibull 0.00392
Beta 0.00698
Normal 0.00856
Uniform 0.0125
Exponential 0.0154
Output
435 oven 520 oven 605 oven

drivers 2 3 2 3 2 3
workers workers workers workers workers workers

1 39.2 27.3 39.7 21.5 39.7 15

95.6 93.44 96.2 95.8 96.2 95.26

2 40.4 27.5 39.5 18.4 39.5 15.14

48.8 39.33 48 31.7 48.1 33.19

Carry out total time

Delivery total time

cost

Table worker 6.15$/hour

Last worker 5.90$/hour

driver 7.15$/hour

520 oven Add 35000$

605 oven Add 75000$

Option 1 :

3 workers , 2 drivers and 435 oven ( no additional price for oven )

Cost/hour : 6.15(3) + 5.9 + 7.15(2) = 38.65$ / hour

Driver work for 4 hours/day workers 3 hours/day (assume 300 working days/year)

Cost for 10 years : 166050 + 53100 + 171600 = 390750$

2 workers , 2 drivers and 520 oven ( 35000$ additional price )

Cost/hour : 6.15(2) + 5.9 + 7.15(2) = 32.5$ / hour

Driver work for 4 hours/day workers 3 hours/day (assume 300 working days/year)

Cost for 10 years : 110700 + 53100 + 171600 + 35000 = 370400$