Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan

First Semester 2020-2021

Duration: 55 Minutes, Marks: 30

Instructions: Write down your solutions by substituting numerical value of N (explicitly write
N in a box) at the start of writing the solution of each question. Any solution in terms of N will
not be evaluated. Write sufficient steps to arrive at the solution.
1. N = Last digit of your BITS ID. If the last digit is zero, use N = 5.

(a) An FM signal given as x(t) = A cos(2πfc t + N t3 ) is passed through a PLL to track its instanta-
neous phase with a second-order loop filter H(s) = 1 + 1s + sN2 . Find the steady state error of the
instantaneous phase. Use standard notations for other parameters of the PLL.
(b) Find a set of basis signals of s1 (t), s2 (t), s3 (t), and s4 (t) as shown in figure below and represent the
signals s1 (t), s2 (t), s3 (t), and s4 (t) in terms of the basis signals.

s1(t) s2(t)
N N

1 2 3 t 1 t

s3(t) s4(t)
1 2 3
N
t

-N
1 2 t

2. N = Sum of last two digits of your BITS ID. If the sum of last two digits is zero, use N = 12.
P
(a) A binary line-coded baseband PAM signal has the form y(t) = ak p(t − kTb ) where ak is +N for
bit ’1’ and 0 for bit ’0’ with equal probability, and the pulse p(t) = 2N sinc(2N πt). Find the PSD
of y(t) for a random bit stream.
(b) Find the signaling rate Ts of the signal x(t) =Pm1 (t)m2 (t) (as shown in figure below) that satisfies
the Nyquist criteria in the frequency domain ∞ m
m=−∞ X(f − Ts ) = Ts .

1
 m1(t)=2Nsinc(2Npi t)

X x(t)

m2(t)=2Nsinc(2Npi t)

3. N = maximum of last two digits of your BITS ID. If maximum comes to be zero or 1, take N = 6.

Let an amplitude modulated signal be x(t) = P cos[600πt] + Q cos[560πt] + Q cos[640πt]. Let the carrier
power is 10N Watt and power efficiency is 5N %. Find the following (Your answer should not be in terms
of P and Q).

(a) Express the modulated signal x(t) in the form of (A + m(t)) cos 2πfc t and then find the modulation
index.
(b) Find the bandwidth of the FM modulated signal if A + m(t) of part (a) is passed through an FM
modulator with kf = 2N Hz/Volt and a FM carrier signal N cos 10000πt.
(c) Find the modulation index if the FM signal of part (b) is passed through a square device.
(d) Find the bandwidth of the PM modulated signal if A + m(t) of part (a) is passed through a PM
modulator with kp = 2N rad/Volt and a PM carrier signal N cos 10000πt.
(e) Find the SNR if an additive noise of power N is added to the PM modulated signal of part (d).