The Research

Process
Presented By:
Ismael Allado Jr.
Aljebson Armenio
Elijah Tajanlangit
 01
Research
DEFINE- RESEARCH

Research can be defined as the search

for knowledge, or as any systematic
investigation, with an open mind, to
establish novel facts, solve new or
existing problems, prove new ideas, or
develop new theories.
 02
Research
Methods
Methods Of Research

Scientific Historical
It involves techniques and
This method involves
guidelines by which
techniques for investigating
historians use primary
phenomena, acquiring
sources and other evidence
knowledge, correcting and
to research and then to write
integrating previous
history. Also used with
knowledge
artistic project development.
 03
Research
Process
 Research Process
❖ A Research process is consists of series of
actions or steps necessary to effectively carry
out research and the desired sequencing of
these steps.

❖ It is a systematic and organized approach to

investigating and exploring a specific topic or
question in order to generate new knowledge,
validate existing theories, or solve practical
problems.
 Whether you're a scientist conducting
experiments in a laboratory, a student
writing a thesis, or an engineer solving
technical problems, understanding and
following a structured research process is
essential for producing credible and
reliable results.
Research Sources

Primary Sources Secondary Sources

These are original materials or These are materials that analyze,
data that provide firsthand interpret, or comment on primary
information about a topic. sources. They help researchers
These are direct evidence understand existing knowledge
provided for analysis and and perspectives on a topic.
interpretation by researchers.
 7 STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS
❖ FB (Feedback) - refers to information provided about past performance or outcomes. It
focuses on offering insights and critiques based on past actions or results.
❖ FF (Feedforward) - involves providing information, guidance, or suggestions about future
actions or outcomes.

Review of Related Prepare the Research

Literature Design Data Analysis
FB

01 02 03 04 05 06 07

FB
Formulate Data
Define the problem Collection Interpretation and
Hypothesis
Report Writing
FF

FF
 01
Define
Research
Problem
 Research Problem
❖ There are two types of research problem.
➢ relate to states of nature
➢ relationship between variables

❖ Essentially two steps are involved in define

research problem
➢ understanding the problem thoroughly
➢ rephrasing the same into meaningful terms
from an point of view
 02
Review of
Literature
 Review of Literature
❖ Literature review is integral part of entire research
process and makes valuable contribution to every
operational step.

❖ Reviewing literature can be time-consuming,

daunting and frustrating, but is also rewarding. Its
functions are:
➢ Bring clarity and focus to your research problem
➢ Improve your methodology
➢ Broaden your knowledge
➢ Contextualise your findings
03
Formulate
Hypothesis
 Formulate Hypothesis
❖ Formulate hypothesis is tentative assumption
made in order to draw out and test its logical or
empirical consequences.

❖ Hypothesis should be very specific and limited

to the piece of research in hand because it has
to be tested.

❖ The role of hypothesis is to guide the researcher

by delimiting the area of research and to keep
him on the right track.
 04
Preparing for
Research
Design
 Research Design
❖ A Research design is a plan, from the
beginning until the end, that helps the
research to be more organized and reliable.

❖ Research Design describes the Research

Mode and the specific Research Type.
➢ Research Mode: Qualitative, Quantitative,
or Mixed Method
➢ Research Type: Descriptive, Historical,
Cause-and-Effect, or a Case study.
 DECIDE ON
1. Your overall aims and approach
2. The type of design you’ll use
3. How you’ll select participants
4. Your data collection methods
5. The procedure you’ll follow
6. Your data analysis strategies
 05
Data
Collection
 Data Collection is a process of gathering
of informations and measuring variables,
which allows you to gain first-hand
knowledge and original insights into your
research problem.
 Primary Data Secondary Data

Data which researchers data that has been collected by

collect themselves directly someone else for a different
from original sources purpose and is utilized by
through methods such as researchers in their own studies.
surveys, interviews, This data can come from
experiments, observations, published literature, databases,
or focus groups. government reports,
organizational records, or
previously collected datasets.
Quantitative Research

Primary Data Secondary Data

It involves the direct It might include existing
gathering of numerical numerical datasets,
data through structured statistical reports, or
methods such as surveys, databases compiled by other
experiments, or researchers or organizations.
observational studies.
Qualitative Research

Primary Data Secondary Data

It involves gathering non- It might include textual or
numerical data firsthand multimedia materials, such
through methods such as as archival documents,
interviews, focus groups, literature, or online forums.
participant observation, or
ethnographic studies
06
Data
Analysis
 Data Analysis
❖ Data Analysis is a process of summarizing and
interpreting of raw data using scientific
methods and techniques.

❖ It plays a crucial role in research by enabling

researchers to draw meaningful conclusions,
identify patterns, and derive insights from the
data, ultimately contributing to the conclusions
and findings of the research study.
Types of Data Analysis
This type of analysis involves summarizing and
describing the main characteristics of a dataset.
DESCRIPTIVE
01 ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics, such as mean, median, mode, and
standard deviation, provide valuable insights into the
central tendency, dispersion, and distribution of data.

This type of analysis is all about making

inferences and predictions about a population
INFERENTIAL based on sample data.
02 ANALYSIS By using these methods, researchers can make
predictions and draw conclusions that extend beyond the
specific sample studied, allowing for generalizations
about broader populations
Types of Data Analysis
This type of analysis is all about uncovering
patterns, trends, and relationships in data
EXPLORATORY through visual and statistical techniques.
03 DATA By visualizing data with techniques like scatter plots, box
ANALYSIS plots, and dimensionality reduction methods like principal
component analysis, researchers can gain insights into
the structure and characteristics of the dataset

This type of analysis involves building models to

forecast future outcomes or trends based on
PREDICTIVE historical data.
04 ANALYSIS It finds applications in various fields, including finance,
marketing, healthcare, and manufacturing, where making
informed decisions based on predictive insights is crucial.
 07
Interpretation
and Report
Writing
❖ A researcher's responsibility is to document
and communicate the findings of their study
effectively. This is achieved by preparing a
comprehensive report that systematically
presents the work conducted

❖ Writing of report includes

➢ The preliminary pages
➢ The main text, and
➢ The end matter
1. Preliminary Pages: These pages set the stage for the
entire report and provide essential information
about the research. They include the title page,
abstract, table of contents, and list of tables and
figures.
2. Main Text: This is the central part of the report
where the researcher presents the results of their
study. It is divided into several chapters or sections,
depending on the complexity of the research. The
main text typically includes an introduction,
methodology, results, and discussion.
 3. End Matter: This section concludes the report
and contains supplementary information. It includes
a list of references, appendices, and any
acknowledgments. The list of references cites all the
sources consulted during the research.