MTHS112: Klaswerk Week 3 Classwork 26 Febr-1 March 2024

WISKUNDIGE VERGELYKINGS: Week 3 Matriksalgebra

MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS: Week 3 Matrix Algebra

Voorbereiding vir klas / Preparation for class

In Week 3 stel die konsep van 'n matriks bekend. 'n Matriks is 'n gerieflike wiskundige manier
om inligting wat in 'n tabel vertoon word, voor te stel. Deur matriksbewerkings - optel, aftrek,
vermenigvuldiging - te definieer is dit moontlik om algebra vir matrikse te ontwikkel. Jy sal sien
dat die reëls van matriksmanipulasie amper dieselfde is as dié van gewone rekenkunde. Werk
deur Week 3 (pp. 28-33) in die voorgeskrewe handboek Wiskundige Tegnieke. / Week 3
introduces the concept of a matrix. A matrix is a convenient mathematical way of representing
information displayed in a table. By defining the matrix operations - addition, subtraction,
multiplication - it is possible to develop an algebra of matrices. You will see that the rules of
matrix manipulation are almost the same as those of ordinary arithmetic. Work through Week
3 (pp. 28-33) in the prescribed textbook Mathematical Techniques.

Klasoefeninge Week 3 / Class Exercises Week 3

1. Beskou die volgende matrikse: / Consider the following matrices:

4 4 2 3   1
A=  B=  C=  D = 3 4
0 1 4 4 2

1.1 Skryf die dimensie van elke matriks neer: / Write down the dimension of each
matrix:
2x2 2x2 1x2
A .................. B .................. C ..........
2x1 ........ D .................. .

1.2 Bepaal: / Determine:

1 3 1 4
a 22 = ..... b12 = ...... c11 = ...... d 12 = ...... .

1.3 Evalueer en gee dimensie van resultant: / Evaluate and give dimension of
resultant:

(a) A+B
6 7 2x2
4 5

(b) B+A

6 7 2x2
4 5

(c) A+C

not possible, dimensions not the same

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 (d) AB
4 4 2 3 24 28 test (2x2) (2x)
0 1 4 4
2x2 2x2 4 4
(2x2)

(e) BA

8 11
2 3 4 4
16 20
4 4 0 1

(f) BTAT
draai
om 2 4 4 0 24 4
3 4 4 1 28 4

2x1
(g) CD 1 3 4
2 test 2x1 1x2
1x2

2x2
3 4
6 8

(h) DC 3 4 1
2
test 1x2 2x1

11 1x1

(i) C T DT
1 2 3
4
=11

ct = 1 2 dt 3
1x2 4
2x1
2
2. Beskou die volgende matrikse: / Consider the following matrices:

 1
 
2 12 11 3 7
B=  E = 5 4 3 2 X = 
3   3 2 1 1
 
2

2.1 Gebruik dimensies om te besluit of die volgende matrikse bepaalbaar is: / Use
dimensions to decide if the following matrices are determinable:

(a) BX ................................................................................................................

(b) XB ................................................................................................................

(c) XE ................................................................................................................

(d) EXT ................................................................................................................

(e) EB ................................................................................................................

(f) E+B ................................................................................................................

(g) 2E ................................................................................................................

2.2 Bepaal die resultante matrikse vir die gevalle in 2.1 wat wel bepaalbaar is. / Determine
the resultant matrices of the cases in 2.1 which are determinable.

57
12

127 28

26

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3. Matriks A stel die breuk van die hoeveelheid kiesers voor wat in ‘n sekere
voorstad vir elke ouderdomsgroep by die ANC, DA, EFF en VF+ geregistreer is.
Matriks B stel die verspreiding van die kiesers volgens ouderdom en geslag voor.
/ Matrix A represents the proportion of voters in a certain suburb who are
registered with the ANC, DA, EFF and FF+ for each age group. Matrix B
represents the distribution of the voters according to age and gender.

18−30 31−50 50+

0,60 0,60 0,65 ANC M F
   5000 6000  18−30
0,15 0,25 0,15  DA
 
A=  B = 10000 12000  31−50
0,15 0,05 0,05  EFF
  12000 15000  50+
0,10 0,10 0,15  VF+/FF+

3.1 Bepaal die matriksproduk AB . / Determine the matrix product AB .

3.2 Hoeveel kiesers is in totaal in die voorstad geregistreer? / How many voters in total are
registered in the suburb?
.....................................................................................................................................

3.3 Hoeveel kiesers bo 50 wil vir die VF+ stem? / How many voters older than 50 want to
vote for the FF+?

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

3.4 Hoeveel vroue wil vir die ANC stem? / How many females want to vote for the ANC?

.....................................................................................................................................

3.5 Hoeveel kiesers tussen 18 en 30 wil vir die DA stem? / How many voters between 18
and 30 want to vote for the DA?

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

3.6 Hoeveel kiesers wil vir die EFF stem? / How many voters want to vote for the EFF?

.....................................................................................................................................

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4. Gestel 'n motorvervaardiger het bestellings aanvaar vir 30 bakkies (B), 25
sportnutsvoertuie (SUV) and 15 sedans (S). Hierdie bestellings word voorgestel
deur die ryvektor Q. Die rou materiaal vir die vervaardiging van hierdie voertuie
is staal, glas, plastiek, verf en arbeid. Matriks R gee die aantal eenhede van elke
rou materiaal (in die gegewe volgorde) wat benodig word vir elke motor. Gestel
staal kos R8000 per eenheid, glas kos R4000 per eenheid, plastiek kos R3000
per eenheid, verf kos R2000 per eenheid en arbeid kos R10000 per eenheid.
Hierdie data word in kolomvektor C aangetoon. / Suppose that an automobile
manufacturer has accepted orders for 30 minivans (B), 25 sport utility vehicles
(SUV) and 15 sedans (S). These orders can be represented by row vector Q. The
raw materials that go into each type of vehicle are steel, glass, plastic, paint, and
labour. The entries in matrix R give the number of units of each raw material
which are needed for each type of vehicle. Suppose that steel costs R8000 per
unit, glass costs R4000 per unit, plastic costs R3000 per unit, paint costs R2000
per unit, and labor costs R10000 per unit. This data is recorded in column vector
C.
S G P V A 8000  S
6 3 9 5 4 B  G
B SUV S   4000 
Q = 30 25 15 R = 9 4 7 4 6  SUV C = 3000  P
   V
5 2 6 3 3  S 2000 
10000  A
 
4.1 Bereken die matriksproduk QR en interpreteer die inskrywings van die produkmatriks.
/ Determine the matrix product QR and interpret the entries of the product matrix.

4.2 Bereken die matriksproduk QRC en interpreteer die inskrywings van die
produkmatriks. / Determine the matrix product QRC and interpret the entries of the
product matrix.

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5. Die eenhede materiaal benodig om twee verskillende soorte produkte te
vervaardig word in die onderstaande tabel gegee: / The units of material needed
to produce two different products are given in the table below:

Produk / Eenhede materiaal / Units of material

Product X Y Z
A 10 15 5
B 20 10 10

Die koste per eenheid materiaal en arbeid word in die onderstaande tabel gegee:/
The cost per unit of material and labour is given in the table below:

Materiaal/ Material Koste / Cost

X R100
Y R50
Z R150

Die verkoopprys van elke produk word in die onderstaande tabel gegee: / The
selling price of each product is found in the table below:

Produk / Product Prys / Price

A R1000
B R1500

Gestel 5 eenhede van produk A en 3 eenhede van produk B word vervaardig en

verkoop. Stel geskikte matrikse saam en gebruik matriksvermenigvuldiging om
die wins of verlies te bereken. / Suppose 5 units of product A and 3 units of
product B are produced and sold. Compose appropriate matrices and use matrix
multiplication to calculate the profit or loss made.

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Voorletters en Van: / Initials and Surname: ......................................................................

Universiteitsnommer: / University number: ...................................................

6. Drie student, 𝑃1 , 𝑃2 en 𝑃3 woon naby twee winkels 𝑊1 en 𝑊2 wat skryfbehoefstes

verkoop. In die tabelle hieronder word die inkopielys van elke student en die prys
per eenheid by elke winkel gegee: / Three students, respectively denoted by
𝑃1 , 𝑃2 , and 𝑃3 have a choice of two stationers, respectively denoted by 𝑊1 and
𝑊2 . In the accompanying tables, a shopping list of each of the students and the
respective prices of the required items in each of the shops is given:

𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑃3

Hoeveelheid verlang Skryfboeke / Scripts 2 4 1

/ Potlode / Pencils 2 1 3

Items required Uitveërs / Erasers 1 1 0

Prys per eenheid / Price per unit

𝑊1 𝑊2

Skryfboeke / Scripts 40 41

Potlode / Pencils 18 16

Uitveërs / Erasers 5 8

Stel geskikte matrikse saam en gebruik matriksvermenigvuldiging om te bepaal by watter een

van die twee winkels (𝑊1 of 𝑊2 ) elkeen van die studente (𝑃1 , 𝑃2 en 𝑃3 ) die skryfbehoeftes moet
aankoop, om te verseker dat elke student so min as moontlik vir die skryfbehoeftes betaal? /
Compose appropriate matrices and use matrix multiplication to determine at which one of the
two stores (𝑊1 or 𝑊2 ) each student (𝑃1 , 𝑃2 and 𝑃3 ) should buy the stationery, to ensure that
each student pays as little as possible?