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Load Reactors 1708928527

Variable frequency drives use pulse-width modulation inverters to drive asynchronous motors. Load reactors are installed between the variable frequency drive and motor to address issues caused by the non-sinusoidal waveform generated by PWM inverters. Load reactors reduce the rate of voltage change (du/dt) to protect the motor's insulation and restrict short-circuit power in case of faults. They also enable smooth motor operation over longer cable distances by compensating for cable capacitance.

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ahmad shakeeb
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30 views

Load Reactors 1708928527

Variable frequency drives use pulse-width modulation inverters to drive asynchronous motors. Load reactors are installed between the variable frequency drive and motor to address issues caused by the non-sinusoidal waveform generated by PWM inverters. Load reactors reduce the rate of voltage change (du/dt) to protect the motor's insulation and restrict short-circuit power in case of faults. They also enable smooth motor operation over longer cable distances by compensating for cable capacitance.

Uploaded by

ahmad shakeeb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOAD REACTORS

Variable frequency drives are commonly used in industry to drive asynchronous


motors. Pulse-width modulation inverters, which offer high energy efficiency, precise
motion control, and low starting current while providing high starting torque, are widely
utilized in industrial settings.

At the input stage, the variable frequency drive obtains DC bus voltage using a 6-pulse
diode rectifier circuit. The inverter circuit, which consists of semiconductor switches,
operates based on pulse-width modulation. Semiconductor switches are used to switch
at a specific frequency and pulse pattern in order to achieve the desired output voltage
at the required intensity and frequency. This PWM principle aims to generate a
sinusoidal voltage at the fundamental frequency by maintaining a constant switching
frequency and adjusting the width of the inverter output voltage pulses.

Load Reactors 2
The sinusoidal wave produced by the switching of PWM inverters is not a pure 50Hz
waveform. Asynchronous motors are designed and manufactured to operate with a
pure sinusoidal waveform.

In addition, the semiconductor performing pulse-width modulation switches at 0.1


milliseconds, causing a high du/dt (rate of change of voltage over time). This
continuous rapid increase in voltage supplied to the asynchronous motor puts a strain
on the motor's insulation level, wearing it out and leading to the weakening and aging
of its first winding's insulation.

Load reactors are also known as du/dt filters for this reason.

From a different perspective, the inverter is a sensitive electronic device. A short circuit
in the motor shaft during operation can cause damage to the inverter's sensitive
electronic components.

Installing a load reactor between the variable frequency drive and the motor limits the
rate of voltage rise, which helps protect the motor's insulation. Additionally, in case of
a short circuit in the motor shaft, the load reactor also restricts short-circuit power and
slows down the rise time, giving enough time for the inverter circuit to shut down.

Load Reactors 3
Furthermore, based on our field experiences, an asynchronous motor can only operate
smoothly with a variable frequency driveafter a distance of 25m at a semiconductor
switching speed of 8kHz if a load reactor is installed between the motor and the speed
control device.

Similarly, at a semiconductor switching speed of 16kHz, the asynchronous motor can


only operate smoothly after a distance of 50m with a load reactor installed between the
motor and the speed control device.

The reason for this is that the load reactor compensates for the capacitive effect on the
supply cable against the ground, limiting harmonics and common-mode overvoltages

In summary, the load reactor offers several benefits:


• Reduces the du/dt value
• Suppresses peak voltage
• Increases motor efficiency
• Decreases motor noise
• Extends insulation life of the motor
• Prevents overheating
• Enables smooth operation in long supply lines
• Provides time for semiconductor protection devices to operate in case of a short
circuit

Load Reactors 4
Ideal Type of Connection :

DC Rectifier PWN Inverter

Line Reactor EMC Filter Load Reactor

Smoothing Reactor

Didem Ergun Sezer

Ergun Elektrik A.Ş.

[email protected]

Load Reactors 5

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