Q)Create an array with variable name a and the following contents (shape (3, 4)):

2 7 12 0

3 9 3 4

4 0 1 3

>>> import numpy as np

>>> a = np.array([[2, 7, 12, 0], [3, 9, 3, 4], [4, 0, 1, 3]])

>>> a

array([[ 2, 7, 12, 0],

[ 3, 9, 3, 4],

[ 4, 0, 1, 3]])

Q) What is the array shape?

>>> a.shape

(3, 4)

Q) What is the array ndim?

>>> a.ndim

Q) How about the len of the array?

>>> len(a)

Q) Can you get the ndim and len from the shape?

>>> len(a.shape) == a.ndim

True

>>> a.shape[0] == len(a)

1. Create a 1D array from 2 through 5 inclusive.

>>> np.arange(2, 6)

array([2, 3, 4, 5])

2. Make an array with 10 equally spaced elements between 2 and 5 inclusive.

>>> np.linspace(2, 5, 10)

array([ 2. , 2.333333, 2.666667, 3. , 3.333333, 3.666667,

4. , 4.333333, 4.666667, 5. ])

3. Make an all-ones array shape (4, 4).

>>> np.ones((4, 4))

array([[ 1., 1., 1., 1.],

[ 1., 1., 1., 1.],

[ 1., 1., 1., 1.],

[ 1., 1., 1., 1.]])

4. Make an identity array shape (6, 6).

>>> np.eye(6)

array([[ 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],

[ 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0.],

[ 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0.],

[ 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0.],

[ 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0.],

[ 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1.]])

5. Make this array with a single Python / numpy command:

0 2 0

0 0 3

>>> np.diag([1, 2, 3])

array([[1, 0, 0],

[0, 2, 0],

[0, 0, 3]])

6. Make a shape (3, 5) array with random numbers from a standard normal
distribution (a normal distribution with mean 0 and variance 1).

>>> rand_arr = np.random.rand(3, 5)

>>> rand_arr.shape

(3, 5)

7. Make an array x with 100 evenly spaced values between 0 and 2 * pi;

>>> x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)

>>> x.shape

(100,)

8. Make an array y which contains the cosine of the corresponding value in x -

>>> y = np.cos(x)

>>> y.shape

(100,)

Plot x against y;

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

[...]

9. Make a 10 by 20 array of mean 0 variance 1 normal random numbers;

>>> rand_arr = np.random.randn(10, 20)

>>> rand_arr.shape

(10, 20)

10.Display this array as an image;

>>> plt.imshow(rand_arr)

<...matplotlib.image.AxesImage object at ...>

11. Investigate plt.cm. See if you can work out how to make the displayed
image be grayscale instead of color.

>>> #- Grayscale image of array

>>> plt.imshow(rand_arr, cmap=plt.cm.gray)

<...matplotlib.image.AxesImage object at ...>

12. Create the following array, call this a (you did this before):

2 7 12 0

3 9 3 4

4 0 1 3

>>> a = np.array([[2, 7, 12, 0], [3, 9, 3, 4], [4, 0, 1, 3]])

Get the 2nd row of a ([ 3 9 3 4]);

>>> a[1]

array([3, 9, 3, 4])
 Get the 3rd column of a ([12 3 1]);

>>> a[:, 2]

array([12, 3, 1])

13. Create the following arrays (with correct data types):

[[1, 1, 1, 1],

[1, 1, 1, 1],

[1, 1, 1, 2],

[1, 6, 1, 1]]

>>> arr1 = np.ones((4, 4), dtype=np.int64) # Would be float by default

>>> arr1[3, 1] = 6

>>> arr1[2, 3] = 2

>>> arr1

array([[1, 1, 1, 1],

[1, 1, 1, 1],

[1, 1, 1, 2],

[1, 6, 1, 1]])

14. Create the following matrix

[[0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],

[2., 0., 0., 0., 0.],

[0., 3., 0., 0., 0.],

[0., 0., 4., 0., 0.],

[0., 0., 0., 5., 0.],

[0., 0., 0., 0., 6.]]

>>> arr2[:, :-1]

array([[ 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],

[ 2., 0., 0., 0., 0.],

[ 0., 3., 0., 0., 0.],

[ 0., 0., 4., 0., 0.],

[ 0., 0., 0., 5., 0.],

[ 0., 0., 0., 0., 6.]])

15. Create the following matrix

[[4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3],

[2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1],

[4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3],

[2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1]]

>>> #- Use np.tile to construct array

>>> np.tile([[4, 3], [2, 1]], (2, 3))

array([[4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3],

[2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1],

[4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3],

[2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1]])
Fancy indexing using boolean arrays
1. Create the following array a (same as before):

2 7 12 0

3 9 3 4

4 0 1 3

>>> #- Create array a

>>> a = np.array([[2, 7, 12, 0], [3, 9, 3, 4], [4, 0, 1, 3]])

2. Use > to make a mask that is true where the elements are greater than 5, like
this:

>>> mask = a > 5

>>> mask

array([[False, True, True, False],

[False, True, False, False],

[False, False, False, False]], dtype=bool)

3. Return all the elements in a that are greater than 5.

>>> a[mask]

array([ 7, 12, 9])

4. Set all the elements greater than 5 to be equal to 5, to get this:

>>> a[mask] = 5

>>> a

array([[2, 5, 5, 0],

[3, 5, 3, 4],

[4, 0, 1, 3]])
Elementwise operations
2 7 12 0

3 9 3 4

4 0 1 3

1. Use array slicing to get a new array composed of the even columns (0, 2) of a.
Now get array that contains the odd columns (1, 3) of a. Add these two arrays.

>>> #- Add even and odd columns of a

>>> a = np.array([[2, 7, 12, 0], [3, 9, 3, 4], [4, 0, 1, 3]])

>>> even_columns = a[:, ::2]

>>> odd_columns = a[:, 1::2]

>>> even_columns + odd_columns

array([[ 9, 12],

[12, 7],

[ 4, 4]])

2. Generate this array:

[2**0, 2**1, 2**2, 2**3, 2**4]

>>> #- Generate array of powers of 2

>>> 2 ** np.arange(5)

array([ 1, 2, 4, 8, 16])

3. Generate an array length 10 such that this is true of the elements

x[i] = 2 ** (3 * i) - i

>>> #- Generate array

>>> x = 2 ** (3 * inds) - inds

>>> x

array([ 1, 7, 62, 509, 4092, 32763,

262138, 2097145, 16777208, 134217719])

Summary functions
2 7 12 0

3 9 3 4

4 0 1 3

>>> a = np.array([[2, 7, 12, 0], [3, 9, 3, 4], [4, 0, 1, 3]])

What are the:

 sum of all the values?

>>> #- Sum of values in a

>>> a.sum()

48

 sum of the columns?

>>> #- Sum of the values of the columns in a

>>> a.sum(axis=0) # Sum over the first axis, leaving the second

array([ 9, 16, 16, 7])

 sum of the rows?

>>> #- Sum of the values of the rows in a

>>> a.sum(axis=1) # Sum over the second axis, leaving the first
array([21, 19, 8])

 mean?

>>> #- Mean of all the values in a

>>> a.mean()

4.0

 min?

>>> #- Minimum of all the values in a

>>> a.min()

 max?

>>> #- Maximum of all the values in a

>>> a.max()