PHP Introduction

What is PHP?

PHP is a server side scripting language that is used to develop Static websites or Dynamic
websites or Web applications. PHP stands for Hypertext Pre-processor, that earlier stood
for Personal Home Pages.

PHP scripts can only be interpreted on a server that has PHP installed.

The client computers accessing the PHP scripts require a web browser only.

A PHP file contains PHP tags and ends with the extension “.php”.

What is a Scripting Language?

A script is a set of programming instructions that is interpreted at runtime.

A scripting language is a language that interprets scripts at runtime. Scripts are usually
embedded into other software environments.

The purpose of the scripts is usually to enhance the performance or perform routine tasks
for an application.

Server side scripts are interpreted on the server while client side scripts are interpreted by
the client application.

PHP is a server side script that is interpreted on the server while JavaScript is an example
of a client side script that is interpreted by the client browser. Both PHP and JavaScript can
be embedded into HTML pages.

Programming Language Vs Scripting Language

Programming language Scripting language

Has all the features needed to develop Mostly used for routine tasks
complete applications.
The code has to be compiled before it can be The code is usually executed without
executed compiling
Does not need to be embedded into other Is usually embedded into other software
languages environments.

What does PHP stand for?

PHP means – Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive backronym PHP:
Hypertext Preprocessor.

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 PHP Introduction
PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination with various
web template systems, web content management system and web frameworks.

PHP Syntax

A PHP file can also contain tags such as HTML and client side scripts such as JavaScript.

 HTML is an added advantage when learning PHP Language. You can even learn
PHP without knowing HTML but it’s recommended you at least know the basics of
HTML.
 Database management systems DBMS for database powered applications.
 For more advanced topics such as interactive applications and web services, you
will need JavaScript and XML.

The flowchart diagram shown below illustrates the basic architecture of a PHP web
application and how the server handles the requests.

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 PHP Introduction

Why use PHP?

You have obviously heard of a number of programming languages out there; you may be
wondering why we would want to use PHP as our poison for the web programming. Below
are some of the compelling reasons.

 PHP is open source and free.

 Short learning curve compared to other languages such as JSP, ASP etc.
 Large community document
 Most web hosting servers support PHP by default unlike other languages such as
ASP that need IIS. This makes PHP a cost effective choice.
 PHP is regular updated to keep abreast with the latest technology trends.
 Other benefit that you get with PHP is that it’s a server side scripting language;
this means you only need to install it on the server and client computers requesting
for resources from the server do not need to have PHP installed; only a web browser
would be enough.
 PHP has in built support for working hand in hand with MySQL; this doesn’t
mean you can’t use PHP with other database management systems. You can still use
PHP with
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 PHP Introduction
o Postgres
o Oracle
o MS SQL Server
o ODBC etc.
 PHP is cross platform; this means you can deploy your application on a number of
different operating systems such as windows, Linux, Mac OS etc.

What is PHP used for & Market share

In terms of market share, there are over 20 million websites and application on the internet
developed using PHP scripting language.

This may be attributed to the points raised above;

The diagram below shows some of the popular sites that use PHP

PHP vs Asp.Net VS JSP VS CFML

ASP – Active Server Pages, JSP – Java Server Pages, CFML – Cold Fusion Markup language
The table below compares the various server side scripting languages with PHP

FEATURE PHP ASP JSP CFML

Learning curve short Longer than Longer than Longer than PHP
PHP PHP
Web hosting Supported by Needs Fairly Needs dedicated
almost all dedicated supported server
hosting servers server
Open source Yes No Yes Both commercial
and open source

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 PHP Introduction
Web services Built in Uses the Uses add on Built in
support .NET libraries
framework
Integration Easy Fairly Fairly complex Easy
with HTML complex
MySQL Native Needs third Needs third Current version has
support party drivers party drivers native support.
Older versions use
ODBC
Easily Yes No Extended using Yes
extended by Java classes
other and libraries.
languages

PHP File Extensions

File extension and Tags In order for the server to identify our PHP files and scripts, we
must save the file with the “.php” extension. Older PHP file extensions include

 .phtml
 .php3
 .php4
 .php5
 .phps

PHP was designed to work with HTML, and as such, it can be embedded into the HTML
code.

You can create PHP files without any html tags and that is called Pure PHP file .

The server interprets the PHP code and outputs the results as HTML code to the web
browsers.

In order for the server to identify the PHP code from the HTML code, we must always
enclose the PHP code in PHP tags.

A PHP tag starts with the less than symbol followed by the question mark and then the
words “php”.

PHP is a case sensitive language, “VAR” is not the same as “var”.

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The PHP tags themselves are not case-sensitive, but it is strongly recommended that we
use lower case letter. The code below illustrates the above point.

<?php … ?>

We will be referring to the PHP lines of code as statements. PHP statements end with a
semi colon (;). If you only have one statement, you can omit the semi colon. If you have
more than one statement, then you must end each line with a semi colon. For the sake of
consistency, it is recommended that you always end your statement(s) with a semi colon.
PHP scripts are executed on the server. The output is returned in form of HTML.

PHP Hello world

The program shown below is a basic PHP application that outputs the words “Hello World!”
When viewed in a web browser.

<?php
echo "Hello world";
?>

Output:

Hello world

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