CLOUD COMPUTING

INTRODUCTION:- Leveraging third-party computing capability over the network is a

good way to cut costs, increase scale, and improve agility. The concept of cloud computing involves a data center somewhere in the world, or even multiple data centers scattered around the world. This is a paradigm shift from the historical client-server architecture where the network users owned, maintained, and operated their own network infrastructure, server rooms, data servers, and applications. Typical cloud computing providers deliver common business applications online that are accessed from web browsers, while the software and data are stored on the servers or SAN devices. These applications are broadly divided into the following categories:Software as a Service (SaaS), Utility Computing, Web Services, Platform as a Service (PaaS), Managed Service Providers (MSP), Service Commerce, and Internet Integration. These data centers are hosting the servers and applications the clients use to operate their business. This structure reduces capital expenditures, since by renting from a third-party provider to provide the services on a peruse fee the business only pays for the resources used. Some Cloud providers employ a utility computing model, meaning they bill clients like a utility such as an electrical company. Others bill on a subscription basis. In either case, the customer gains the security of a service level agreement (SLA) as well as the saved expense of hiring an IT staff to maintain a local server farm. There are many resources available in a data center and in the cloud that a client can purchase or rent, such as processing time, network bandwidth, disk storage, and memory. The users of the cloud do not need to know where the data center is, or have any expertise on how to operate or maintain the resources in the cloud. Clients only need to know how to connect to the resources and how to use the applications needed to perform their jobs. With cloud-based computing, the applications run on servers in the data center, not the local laptop or desktop computer the user is operating. The users computer provides a window into the application, but does not actually run the application; in other words, it runs a user interface. This procedure reduces the need for big processing power and memory on the end users computer and centralizes it in the data center.

KEY BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING:

Flexibility There is the ability to update hardware and software quickly to adhere to customer demands and updates in technology. Savings There is a reduction of capital expenditures and IT personnel. Location & Hardware Independence Users can access application from a web browser connected anywhere on the internet. Multi-tenancy Resources and cost are shared among many users, allowing overall cost reduction.

 Reliability Many cloud providers replicate their server environments in multiply data centers around the globe, which accounts for business continuity and disaster recovery. Scalability Multiply resources load balance peak load capacity and utilization across multiply hardware platforms in different locations Security Centralization of sensitive data improves security by removing data from the users computers. Cloud providers also have the staff resources to maintain all the latest security features to help protect data. Maintenance Centralized applications are much easier to maintain than their distributed counter parts. All updates and changes are made in one centralized server instead of on each users computer.

ABOUT:
Cloud Computing is a style of computing which must cater to the following computing needs: 1. Dynamism 2. Abstraction 3. Resource Sharing Dynamism Your business is growing exponentially. Your computing need & usage is getting bigger with every passing day. Would you add servers & other hardwares to meet the new demand? Assume, Recession is back & your business is losing customers. The servers & hardwares you added during last quarters peak season is now idle. Will you sale them? Demand keeps on changing based on world/regional economy, sometimes seasonal traffic burst as well. Thats where Cloud Computing comes to your rescue! You just need to configure & your provider will take care of fluctuating demand. Abstraction Your business should focus on your core competency & should not worry about security, OS, software platform , updates and patches etc. Leave these chores to your provider. From an end users perspective, you dont need to care for the OS, the plug-ins, web security or the software platform. Everything should be in place without any worry. Resource Sharing Resource Sharing is the beauty of Cloud Computing. This is the concept which helps the cloud providers to attain optimum utilization of resources. Say, a company dealing in gifts may require more server resources during festive season. A company dealing in Payroll management may require more resources during the end or beginning of the month. http://www.techno-pulse.com/ The cloud architecture is implemented in such a way that it provides you the flexibility to share application as well as other network resources (hardware etc). This will lead to a need based

flexible architecture where the resources will expand or contract with little configuration changes.

Cloud Computing Architectural Layer:

When talking about a cloud computing system, it's helpful to divide it into two sections: the front endand the back end. They connect to each other through a network, usually the Internet. The front end is the side the computer user, or client, sees. The back end is the "cloud" section of the system. The front end includes the client's computer (or computer network) and the application required to access the cloud computing system. Not all cloud computing systems have the same user interface. Services like Web-based e-mail programs leverage existing Web browsers like Internet Explorer or Firefox. Other systems have unique applications that provide network access to clients. On the back end of the system are the various computers, servers and data storage systems that create the "cloud" of computing services. In theory, a cloud computing system could include practically any computer program you can imagine, from data processing to video games. Usually, each application will have its own dedicated server.

Client: It is the system where access the cloud example: Browsers, Computers

Application [Service as Software: SaaS]: Software as a service features a complete application offered as a service on demand. A single instance of the software runs on the cloud and services multiple end users or client organization. The software that is deployed over the internet and/or is deployed to run behind a firewall on a local area network. With SaaS, a provider licenses an application to customers as a service on demand, through a subscription or a "pay-as-you-go" model. The most widely known example of salesforce.com through many other examples have come to market, including the google apps offering of basic business services including email and word processing. Below picture depicts you how Service Oriented is evolved into SaaS and PaaS

PlatForm: Platform as a Service It encapsulates a layer of software and provides it as service that can be used to higher level of service. PaaS provides all the infrastructure needed to run applications over the Internet. It is delivered in the same way as a utility like electricity or water. Users simply tap in and take what they need without worrying about the complexity behind the scenes. And like a utility, PaaS is based on a metering or subscription model so users only pay for what they use.

With PaaS, ISVs and corporate IT departments can focus on innovation instead of complex infrastructure. By leveraging the PaaS, organizations can redirect a significant portion of their budgets from keeping the lights on to creating applications that provide real business value. This model is driving a new era of mass innovation. For the first time, developers around the world can access unlimited computing power. Now, anyone with an Internet connection can build powerful applications and easily deploy them to users wherever theyre located. Paas offering can provide for every phase of software development and testing, or they can specialized around a particular area such as content management Google apps /Microsoft Azure engine which serves applications on googles intrastructure. PaaS offerings may include facilities for application design, application development, testing, deployment and hosting as well as application services such as team collaboration, web service integration and marshalling, database integration, security, scalability, storage, persistence, state management, application versioning, application instrumentation and developer community facilitation. These services may be provisioned s an integrated solution over the web.

Infrastructure: Infrastructure as a Platform Infrastructure as a service delivers basic storage and compute capabilities as standardized services over the network. Servers, storage systems, switches, routers, and other systems are pooled and made available to handle workloads that range.

Cloud infrastructure services or "Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)" delivers computer infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment as a service. Rather than purchasing servers, software, data center space or network equipment, clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service. The service is typically billed on a utility computing basis and amount of resources consumed (and therefore the cost) will typically reflect the level of activity. It is an evolution of virtual private server offerings.

Commercial examples of IaaS include Joyent, whose main product is a line of virtualized servers that provide a highly available on-demand infrastructure. SAAS PAAS IAAS: This picture depicts how IAAS, SAAS, PAAS is related.

Types of Clouds:

Depends upon the environment the it operates Cloud can be divided into 2 categories Most of the enterprise still dangling on the situation which environment it should apply

Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud

Public Cloud Public Cloud is the where cloud service provided though the internet. Private Cloud Private Cloud Private Cloud is where cloud service is operated within the local area. It is not allowed within the enterprise. Hybrid Cloud Best of two cloud is used as the Hybrid cloud Disadvantage:

Monthly fees Business data is stored off site. What happens to your data if your provider goes out of business? If the Internet is down locally then Cloud applications may be unavailable. Encryption of data transmission and storage needs to be considered. Training of programmers with cloud standards. Intellectual Property stored off site

Cloud Platforms:

Microsoft.NET - A programming framework for Microsoft Windows computers. The group of programming classes can be used by multiple programming languages. Ruby on Rails - Web application platform with a database back end. Open Source programming using Ruby which can work on Linux, Windows and Mac. Programs can run from Apache or Microsoft IIS web servers. Twitter is written in Ruby on Rails.

Google App Engine - Uses programming languages Python and Java. Access to your on line database, applications, files. A 150 Mb file storage limit and 10 GB bandwidth / day limits apply for the free service. Run your applications on Google hardware.

Google Gears - Browser plug in to allow database access and synchronization of information. Google Docs and Zoho is written using this platform.