Dr.

B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology

Grand Trunk Road, Barnala Amritsar Bypass Road,
Jalandhar, Punjab 144011

OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELING AND DESIGN WITH

UML LAB
B.TECH IT III YEAR (6th SEMESTER) ITPC 324

Submitted To- Submitted By-

Mr Saurav Kumar Jindal Saloni Aggarwal
Department of Information Technology 21124095
Group G4
B. Tech (IT)
 INDEX

S. No. Experiment Title Signature

 LAB1 - CASE TOOLS

INTRODUCTION:

CASE tools are a set of software applications designed to automate software

development projects. These are used by software project managers, engineers, and
analysts to develop software systems of high quality and free of defects. They consist of
in-built programs to help analyze and enhance the quality and performance of the
projects at every stage of the software development process. Design tools, analysis
tools, documentation tools, code generators, diagramming tools are some of its best
assets.

COMPONENTS OF CASE TOOLS:

CASE tools are made up of various components based on their use at different levels of
the software generation process. Commencing from the basic project plan to its
maintenance after completion via the design and testing procedures, CASE tools
flawlessly frame the overall software systems.

○ Central repository: The central repository serves as the powerhouse of

information associated with the complete project management. It is the central
point for the storage of product specifications, associated reports, diagrams,
documents and other useful information regarding the overall management. It is
termed as the data hub of software projects.
○ Upper case tools: Upper case tools form the backbone of software projects as
they are the building blocks of the systems concerned. They enhance the
planning, analysis and design at different stages of the software development
process.
○ Lower case tools: Lower case tools are the successors of upper case tools for
furthering the overall procedure. They are associated with the implementation,
testing and maintenance of software development projects.
○ Integrated software tools: They are used throughout the software development
process right from information gathering to testing and documentation.
○
TYPES OF CASE TOOLS:

1. Diagramming Tools:
- Purpose: Create visual representations of system components, relationships, and
structures.
- Examples:Microsoft Visio, Lucidchart.
2. Code Generators:
- Purpose: Automatically generate code based on specifications or models.
- Examples: Hibernate (for Java), Entity Framework (for .NET).

3. Version Control Systems:

- Purpose: Manage and track changes to source code, ensuring collaboration and
version consistency.
- Examples: Git, SVN (Subversion).

4. Requirement Management Tools:

- Purpose: Document, track, and manage project requirements throughout the
development process.
- Examples: IBM Engineering Requirements Management, Jama Connect.

5. Testing Tools:
- Purpose: Support software testing processes, including test case design, execution,
and result analysis.
- Examples: Selenium, JUnit.

6. Integrated Development Environments (IDEs):

- Purpose: Provide a comprehensive environment for coding, debugging, and testing
software.
- Examples: Visual Studio, Eclipse.

7. Database Design Tools:

- Purpose: Assist in designing and modeling database structures.
- Examples: ERwin, Oracle SQL Developer.

8. Project Management Tools:

- Purpose: Aid in planning, scheduling, and tracking project progress.
- Examples: Jira, Trello.

9. Documentation Tools:
- Purpose: Facilitate the creation and maintenance of project documentation.
- Examples: Confluence, Doxygen.

10. Modeling Tools:

- Purpose: Create visual models of the software system, such as UML diagrams.
- Examples: IBM Rational Rose, Enterprise Architect.
These tools collectively contribute to enhancing productivity, collaboration, and the
overall quality of software development processes.

ABOUT STAR UML:

STAR UML, like many other CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) tools, is
designed to support various aspects of the software development life cycle using visual
modeling. Here's how CASE tools, specifically STAR UML, are commonly used:

1. Modeling:
- Purpose: STAR UML allows developers to create visual models of software systems
using various modeling notations such as UML (Unified Modeling Language).
- Usage:Developers use STAR UML to create diagrams that represent different
aspects of their software, such as class diagrams, use case diagrams, sequence
diagrams, and more.

2. Design:
- Purpose: Developers can use STAR UML to design and define the architecture and
structure of their software applications.
- Usage: The tool provides features for designing class hierarchies, relationships
between classes, and other structural elements of the software.

3. Code Generation:
- Purpose: STAR UML can assist in generating code based on the visual models
created by developers.
- Usage: Developers may use code generation features to automatically produce code
in programming languages like Java, C++, or others from their UML diagrams.

4. Documentation:
- Purpose: STAR UML facilitates the documentation of the software development
process by allowing developers to add comments, notes, and documentation to their
models.
- Usage: Developers can use the tool to create and maintain documentation that helps
in understanding the design decisions and rationale behind the software architecture.

5. Version Control Integration:

-Purpose: Integration with version control systems helps in tracking changes to
models and collaborating with team members.
 - Usage: Developers can use STAR UML in conjunction with version control tools like
Git to manage changes to their models and collaborate seamlessly in a team
environment.

6. Code Reverse Engineering:

- Purpose: STAR UML allows developers to reverse engineer existing code to create
UML diagrams.
- Usage: Developers can import existing code into STAR UML, which then generates
visual representations of the code structure, aiding in understanding and further
development.

7. Collaboration:
- Purpose: Collaboration features in STARUML enable teams to work together on
modeling and design tasks.
- Usage: Team members can collaborate on the same project, share models, and
contribute to the development process using the collaboration features of the tool.

STAR UML, like other CASE tools, aims to streamline the software development
process by providing a visual and collaborative environment for modeling, designing,
and documenting software systems. Developers can leverage these features to
enhance productivity and ensure a more systematic and well-documented development
process.

ADVANTAGES OF CASE TOOLS:

● As the special emphasis is placed on the redesign as well as testing, the

servicing cost of a product over its expected lifetime is considerably reduced.
● The overall quality of the product is improved as an organized approach is
undertaken during the process of development.
● Chances to meet real-world requirements are more likely and easier with a
computer-aided software engineering approach.
● CASE indirectly provides an organization with a competitive advantage by
helping ensure the development of high-quality products.
● It provides better documentation.
● It improves accuracy.
● It provides intangible benefits.
● It reduces lifetime maintenance.
● It is an opportunity for non-programmers.
● It impacts the style of working of the company.
● It reduces the drudgery in software engineer’s work.
● It increases the speed of processing.
● It is easy to program software.
 LAB - 2

PROBLEM ANALYSIS FOR SUPERMARKET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1. User Experience Challenges:

● Difficulty in locating and purchasing desired products due to complex user

interfaces or poorly organized layouts.
● Inadequate support for multiple languages or accessibility features, limiting the
accessibility of the system to diverse customer demographics.
● Lack of personalized recommendations and flexibility in purchasing options,
leading to dissatisfaction among shoppers.

2. Technical Issues:
● System crashes or slowdowns during peak shopping periods, resulting in
frustrated customers and lost sales opportunities.
● Incompatibility with various devices or operating systems, causing
inconvenience for users accessing the system.
● Vulnerabilities to cyber attacks, data breaches, or system failures, posing risks to
sensitive customer information and operational integrity.

3. Operational Inefficiencies:
● Manual processes for managing inventory, leading to errors, stockouts, and
inefficiencies in product availability.
● Lack of automated tools for handling product returns, refunds, or exchanges,
resulting in delays and dissatisfaction among customers.

4. Customer Service Limitations:

● Limited support channels or response times for addressing customer queries,
complaints, or assistance requests, leading to frustration.
● Inadequate communication mechanisms for providing timely updates on
promotions, product availability, or store operations, resulting in customer
dissatisfaction.
● Lack of integration with customer feedback systems for tracking and managing
customer interactions effectively.

5. Scalability and Performance:

● Inability to handle increasing volumes of transactions or foot traffic, especially
during peak shopping seasons or promotional periods.
 ● Challenges in scaling infrastructure to accommodate store expansions or new
locations, leading to service disruptions or degraded performance.
By addressing these challenges through improved user interface design, technological
enhancements, process automation, and customer service improvements,
supermarkets can enhance the overall shopping experience, operational efficiency, and
customer satisfaction levels.

PROJECT PLANNING FOR SUPERMARKET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1. Project Scope Definition:

1.1 Objectives:

● Automate checkout and inventory processes to reduce manual errors and waiting
times.
● Enhance accessibility for users through online and mobile platforms.
● Provide real-time information on product availability, promotions, and stock
levels.
● Ensure scalability to accommodate an increasing number of users and
transactions.
● Implement efficient resource management for better operational performance.

1.2 Deliverables:

● Web-based and mobile applications for shopping and inventory management.

● Real-time information system for product availability, promotions, and stock
levels.
● Database system for efficient data management.
● Scalable infrastructure to handle increasing user demand and store expansions.

2. Stakeholder Analysis:

2.1 Stakeholders:

● Store Management
● Customers
● Checkout Staff
● IT Department
● System Administrators
● Third-party Integrators (if any)
2.2 Stakeholder Expectations:

● Store Management: Improved efficiency, cost savings, and enhanced customer

satisfaction through streamlined operations and effective resource management.
● Customers: Easy and convenient access to shopping services, real-time
information on product availability and promotions, and a seamless checkout
experience.
● Checkout Staff: Streamlined checkout processes, reduced workload, and
improved accuracy through automation and efficient system support.
● IT Department: Scalable, secure, and maintainable system architecture to
support the supermarket's operations and accommodate future growth.

3. System Architecture:

3.1 Technology Stack:

● Frontend: HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, React for web; React Native for mobile.
● Backend: Node.js, Express.js, MongoDB for the database.
● Real-time updates: WebSocket for instant communication.
● Hosting: AWS or similar scalable cloud infrastructure.

3.2 Database Design:

● Centralized database for storing product information, inventory levels, and

customer data.
● Backup and recovery mechanisms for data integrity and security.
● Normalization and indexing for efficient data retrieval and management.

4. Development Timeline:

4.1 Phase 1 - Planning and Design (2 months):

● Requirement analysis and specification for supermarket management system

functionalities.
● System architecture design tailored to supermarket operations.
● Database design for efficient product management, inventory tracking, and
customer data storage.
● Stakeholder feedback collection and adjustments to ensure alignment with
business needs.

4.2 Phase 2 - Development (6 months):

 ● Frontend and backend development of web-based and mobile applications for
shopping and inventory management.
● Database implementation for product information, inventory levels, and customer
data storage.
● Integration of real-time update features for product availability and promotions.
● User acceptance testing to ensure usability and functionality meet requirements.

4.3 Phase 3 - Deployment (2 months):

● System testing to identify and address any issues or bugs.

● Deployment on a limited scale in select stores for user feedback collection.
● Iterative adjustments based on feedback to optimize system performance and
user experience.
● Full-scale deployment across all stores after thorough testing and adjustments.

5. Risk Management:

5.1 Identified Risks:

● Technical challenges during development, such as integration issues or software

bugs.
● User resistance to change due to unfamiliarity with new technology or processes.
● Security vulnerabilities exposing sensitive customer data to breaches or cyber
attacks.
● Integration issues with existing systems, leading to data inconsistencies or
operational disruptions.

5.2 Mitigation Strategies:

● Maintain continuous communication with stakeholders to address concerns and

gather feedback throughout the development process.
● Regularly conduct security audits and updates to identify and address
vulnerabilities proactively.
● Implement user training programs to familiarize employees with the new system
and encourage adoption.
● Thorough testing and validation during development to identify and resolve
technical issues before deployment, minimizing the risk of operational
disruptions or user dissatisfaction.

6. Maintenance and Support:

6.1 Post-Deployment Activities:

● Monitoring system performance to ensure smooth operation and identify any

issues or bottlenecks.
● Addressing user feedback by implementing requested features or improvements
to enhance the user experience.
● Regular updates and improvements to add new functionalities, improve security,
and optimize performance based on ongoing analysis and technological
advancements.
● Training programs for supermarket staff to ensure they are proficient in using the
management system effectively and efficiently.

PROBLEM STATEMENT : SMARTMARKET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The current supermarket management system is grappling with a myriad of challenges

that hinder its functionality, reliability, and user satisfaction. Customers often encounter
complex interfaces, inefficient product search processes, and limited purchasing
options, leading to frustration and decreased loyalty. Technical issues such as system
crashes, slow response times, and compatibility problems further compound user
experience difficulties, resulting in lost sales opportunities and diminished brand
reputation.

Furthermore, operational inefficiencies plague the system, including manual inventory

management, lack of automated processes for returns and refunds, and inadequate
analytics capabilities. These shortcomings hinder the supermarket's ability to optimize
resource allocation, adapt to fluctuating demand, and maximize revenue potential.
Additionally, compliance concerns, such as food safety regulations and inventory
management standards, introduce further complexity and risk to system operations,
necessitating robust solutions to ensure legal adherence and data integrity.

In summary, the supermarket management system urgently requires comprehensive

improvements across usability, technical performance, operational efficiency, and
regulatory compliance domains to meet the evolving needs of customers, industry
standards, and competitive pressures. Addressing these challenges effectively is crucial
for enhancing customer satisfaction, driving operational excellence, and maintaining
competitiveness in the dynamic retail landscape.
Software Requirements Specification (SRS) for SMARTMARKET MANAGEMENT
System

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose

The purpose of this document is to provide a comprehensive overview of the

requirements for the development of a Smart Market Management System (SMMS).
This system aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of supermarket
operations, optimizing processes related to inventory management, customer service,
and sales transactions.

1.2 Scope

The SMMS will encompass features for product management, inventory tracking,
checkout processes, customer engagement, and integration with external systems (e.g.,
supplier databases, payment gateways). It will serve both supermarket staff and
customers, facilitating seamless operations and enhancing the overall shopping
experience.

1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

SMMS: Smart Market Management System

GUI: Graphical User Interface

API: Application Programming Interface

CRM: Customer Relationship Management

2. Functional Requirements

1. User Registration and Authentication:

● The system shall allow users to register accounts with valid email
addresses and passwords.

● Users shall be able to log in securely to access shopping functionalities.

2. Product Search and Selection:

● Users shall be able to search for products based on criteria such as
category, brand, price, and availability.
 ● The system shall display available products along with relevant details
such as description, price, and location within the store.

● Users shall be able to add selected products to their shopping cart and
proceed to checkout securely.

3. Checkout and Payment:

● The system shall integrate with payment gateways to facilitate secure
payment processing for shopping transactions.

● Users shall have the option to choose from various payment methods and
complete transactions seamlessly.

4. Order Management:
● Users shall have access to an order management interface to view,
modify, or cancel their orders.

● The system shall send confirmation emails or SMS notifications upon

successful order placement, modifications, or cancellations.

5. Inventory Management:
● The system shall update inventory levels in real-time upon product
purchase, return, or restocking.
● Administrators shall have access to an inventory management interface to
monitor stock levels, track product movements, and generate reports.

6. Promotions and Discounts:

● The system shall support the implementation of promotions, discounts,
and loyalty programs for customers.

● Users shall be able to view and apply promotional offers or discounts

during checkout.

7. Customer Support:
● The system shall provide customer support channels such as live chat,
email support, or helpline numbers for assistance with shopping, queries,
or issues.

● Customer support representatives shall have access to order details and

customer information to provide efficient assistance.

8. Accessibility and Multilingual Support:

 ● The system shall support multiple languages to cater to a diverse user
base.

● The user interface shall be accessible and intuitive, complying with

accessibility standards to accommodate users with disabilities.

9. Reporting and Analytics:

● The system shall generate reports on sales trends, inventory turnover, and
customer satisfaction metrics for analysis and decision-making purposes.

● Administrators shall have access to analytics dashboards to monitor

system performance and identify areas for improvement.

3. Non - Functional Requirements

1. Performance:
● The system shall respond to user actions within acceptable response
times, with page loading times not exceeding 3 seconds.
● During peak shopping periods, the system shall handle a minimum of
1000 concurrent users without performance degradation.
● Database queries and transactions shall be optimized to ensure efficient
data retrieval and processing.

2. Reliability:
● The system shall have an uptime of at least 99.9%, with scheduled
maintenance windows communicated to users in advance.
● Backup and recovery mechanisms shall be in place to ensure data
integrity and availability in the event of system failures or disasters.
● The system shall have mechanisms for error handling and graceful
degradation to minimize service disruptions.

3. Security:
● User authentication and session management shall comply with industry
standards such as OAuth 2.0 and SSL/TLS encryption.
● Personal and financial data shall be encrypted in transit and at rest to
prevent unauthorized access or data breaches.
● The system shall undergo regular security audits and vulnerability
assessments to identify and mitigate potential risks.

4. Scalability:
 ● The system architecture shall be designed to scale horizontally and
vertically to accommodate increasing user loads and data volumes.
● Load balancing and auto-scaling mechanisms shall be implemented to
distribute traffic and resources efficiently across multiple servers.

5. Usability:
● The user interface shall be intuitive, with clear navigation, consistent
layouts, and informative error messages.
● The system shall support responsive design principles to ensure
compatibility and usability across various devices and screen sizes.
 LAB - 3 CLASS DIAGRAM
CLASS DIAGRAM
Class diagrams provide a graphic notation for modeling classes and their relationships,
thereby describing possible objects. Class diagrams are useful both for abstract
modeling and for designing actual programs. They are concise, easy to understand, and
work well in practice. It is a visual representation of the structure and relationships
within a system, typically used in object-oriented programming to illustrate the classes,
attributes, methods, and associations between objects.

DIFFERENT UML COMPONENTS OF CLASS DIAGRAM:

Class:
- A class is represented as a rectangular box with three compartments.
- The top compartment contains the name of the class.
- The middle compartment lists the attributes (data members) of the class.
- The bottom compartment contains the methods (member functions) of the class.

Attributes:
- Attributes are the properties or characteristics of a class.
- They are listed in the middle compartment of the class box.
- Each attribute has a name and a type, which may include primitive types, userdefined
types, or other classes.
Methods:
- Methods are the behaviors or operations that a class can perform.
- They are listed (mostly) in the bottom compartment of the class box.
- Each method has a name, parameters (if any), and a return type.

Visibility:

Visibility modifiers indicate the access level of attributes and operations within a class.
The three primary visibility modifiers are:

○ Public (+): Indicates that the attribute or operation is accessible from

outside the class.
 ○ Private (-): Indicates that the attribute or operation is accessible only within
the class itself.

○ Protected (#): Indicates that the attribute or operation is accessible within

the class and its subclasses (inheritance).

Relationships:
- Relationships depict how classes are related to each other within the system.
- There are several types of relationships, including:
- Association: Represents a relationship between two classes, indicating that instances
of one class are connected to instances of another class.
- Aggregation: Represents a "has-a" relationship where one class is composed of or
contains another class.
- Composition: Represents a stronger form of aggregation, where the contained class
has a life cycle dependent on the container class.
- Inheritance: Represents an "is-a" relationship where one class (subclass/child)
inherits properties and behavior from another class (superclass/parent).
- Dependency: Represents a relationship where one class depends on another class in
some way, such as through method parameters or return types.

Multiplicity:
- Multiplicity defines the number of instances of one class that are related to one
instance of another class in an association relationship.
- It is depicted using numbers or symbols near the association lines.

Generalization/Specialization:
- Generalization represents inheritance, where one class (subclass) inherits attributes
and behavior from another class (superclass).
- Specialization is the process of creating new subclasses from an existing superclass.