GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,

NANDED MICRO PROJECT

Academic Year : 2022-2023

TITLE OF THE PROJECT

Principles of Planning
Program: Civil Engg. Program code: CE4I(A)
Course : Building Planning and drawing
Course Code :22405

Name of Guide: Mr. R.V. Adamwad Sir…

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION

Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. Ganesh Shinde, Vanraj Thakur, Vedant Sawleshwarkar Roll No.

747,748,748 of 4th Semester of Diploma in Civil Engineering of Institute, GOVERNMENT

POLYTECHNIC, NANDED (0020) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in Subject-

BPD (22405) for the academic year 2023-24 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place : Nanded
Date : /04/2024 Exam Seat No.: ……………….

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

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 ANEEXURE l
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year : 2023-24. Name of the Faculty: R.V. Adamwad
Course: BPD. Course Code: 22405 Semester:
IV Title of the Project: - Principles of Planning
Cos address by Micro Project:
A: Formulate grammatically correct sentences.
B: Give presentation by using audio visual
aids. C: communication skillfully.
D: write reports using correct guidelines.

Major learning outcomes achieved by the students by doing the project.

(A) Practical outcome:

1) Deliver presentation (seminar) effective.
(B) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain.
1) Prepare the points for computer presentation.

2) Make seminar presentation.

Outcomes in affective domain:
(C)
1) Function as team member.
2) Follow Ethics.
3) Make proper use of computer and Internet.
Comment /suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Roll Student Name Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4 for Total out
No. performance in group performance in of 10
activity oral/presentation
(D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9)
747 Ganesh Shinde
748 Vanraj Thakur
749 Vedant Sawleshwarkar

(Signature of Faculty)
………………….

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 WEEKLY PROGRESS
REPORT
TITLE OF THE MICRO PROJECT:-

“Principles of Planning”
WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF DATE
GUIDE
1st Discussion and finalization of Topic
2ND Discussion and finalization of Topic
3RD Preparation and submission of Abstract
4TH Literature Review
5TH Collection of Date
6TH Collection of Date
7TH Collection of Date
8TH Collection of Date
9TH Discussion and Outline of Content
10TH Formulation of Content
11TH Editing and 1st proof Reading of Content
12TH Editing and 2nd Reading of Content
13TH Compilation of Report and Presentation
14TH Seminar
15TH Viva-voce
16TH Final submission of Micro project

Sign of the Students Sign of the Faculty

Roll Sign

No.
747

748

749

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 Content

Sr. Chapter/Title Page

No. No.
01. Acknowledgment 06.
02. Introduction 07.
03. Factors Affecting Building Planning 08.
04. Principles of Building Planning 09.
05. Aspect 10.
06. Prospect And Furniture Requirements 11.
07. Roominess And Grouping 12.
08. Circulation And Sanitation 13.
09. Elegance And Privacy 14.
10. Flexibility And Economy 15.
11. Practical Consideration 16.
12. Conclusion 17.
13. References 18.

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 Acknowledgment

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my R.V.

Adamwad sir who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on
the topic, Principles of Planning. which also helped me in doing a lot of Research
and i came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my friends who helped me a lot in finalizing
this project within the limited time frame.

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Introduction

What Is Building Planning?

Building Planning is the arrangement of various components or units of a building
in a systematic manner so as to form a meaningful and homogeneous structure to
meet its functional purpose.

The arrangement of the various rooms in the building is known as Planning of

Building.

Building planning is a graphical representation of what a building will look like

after construction. It is used by builders and contractors to construct buildings
of all kinds. Building planning is also useful when it is essential to estimate how
much a project will cost and for preparing project budgets building planning is
also useful.

The basic objective of planning the building is to arrange all the units of the
building on all floors at a given level according to their functional requirements.
By doing this, one can make the best use of space available for building.

In building planning, privacy can be obtained by judicious planning of the

building with respect to grouping, the position of doors and windows, mode of the
hanging of doors, location of entrance and pathways, drives, etc. sometimes,
provision of lobbies, corridors, screens, etc.

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Factors Affecting Building Planning

The followings are the factors affecting the planning of the building,

1. The function of the building e.g. residential, industrial, public,

commercial, etc.
2. Shape and size of the plot
3. Topography
4. Climatic condition
5. Building by-Laws etc.

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Principles of Building Planning
These principles are not as rigid as laws of nature, certain deviations from these
principles are necessary and inadequacies in them are to be met with by an
individual.

 Basic principles of building planning

 Aspect
 Prospect
 Furniture Requirements
 Roominess
 Grouping
 Circulation
 Sanitation
 Elegance
 Privacy
 Flexibility
 Economy
 Practical Consideration

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1. Aspect
Aspect is the positioning of rooms in buildings with respect to 4 directions in
such a way that the occupants of buildings would enjoy the natural comforts like
sunshine, breeze, scenery, etc. to the maximum possible extent.
A room receiving light and air from any particular direction is said to have the
aspect of that direction. All the rooms of a dwelling need a particular aspect. Some
necessary aspects of commonly constructed rooms are listed below:

A. Living Room: It should have a southern or southeast aspect. The sun is

towards the south during winter and north during summer which will provide
sunshine during winter and cooler during summertime.
B. Bedroom: It should have a west or south-west aspect, as the breeze required
particularly in summer would prevail from this side.
C. Kitchen: It should have an eastern aspect so as to admit morning sun refreshes
and purify the air.
D. Gallery or Verandah: It should be north or north-east aspect.
E. Classroom, Reading Room: It should be laid with the north aspect as light
received from the north will be diffused and evenly distributed.

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2. Prospect
Prospect in
building planning
is the view desired
by the occupants of
the building

from certain of the

house. Prospect is
dictated by
surrounding
peculiarities good
or bad of the
selected site like a
flower garden or garbage dumps, It demands the disposition of doors and
windows-like aspects. However, a good layout should not be disturbed for the sake
of good prospects only.
Certain projecting windows or a blind face of the bay with window openings at the
sides would help for the concealment of inside views of a building.

3. Furniture Requirements
Furniture is a functional requirement
of a room. A living room, drawing
room, kitchen, classroom, office
room, laboratory, hospital room, etc.
all have their own furniture
requirements.
A room should have enough space to
accommodate all the furniture
required for the maximum number of
people without overcrowding.

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4. Roominess
Roominess is
obtained by
getting

the maximum
benefit from

the
minimum
dimension of
a room
without
cramping the
plan. By using
every nook
and corner
of the
building
advantage of roominess is derived.
In residential buildings, considerable storage space is required for various
purposes which are provided by making space for wall cupboards, lofts, wooden
shelves, etc.
A rectangular room is more useful than a square room in the same area. The length
and breadth ratio of a good room should be between 1.2 to 1.5. A ratio of more
than that creates a bad effect. A small room should not be made unnecessarily too
high.
5. Grouping
Grouping in building planning means setting different rooms of a building
according to their inter-relationship of invitation and transition. The rooms are
arranged in the layout in a proper correlation of their functions and in due
proximity to each other.
Grouping In Residential Building Plan.
 The dining room should be close to the kitchen.
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 The kitchen should be kept away from the main living room.
 Main bedrooms should have independent and separate access from each
room towards the sanitary units.
 In an office buildings, hospitals, etc. the administrative department should
be located centrally for convenience and economy of services.

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6. Circulation
Access or internal connection between
rooms on the same floor or between floors is
known as circulation. Circulation between
rooms on the same floor is called horizontal
circulation like- passages, corridors, halls,
etc. Circulation between various floors is
known as vertical circulation, like- stairs,
lifts, etc.
Horizontal Circulation should be
independent, short, and straight and not
invade the property of any room. All the
passages should be well-ventilated and
lighted.
Stairs should also be well-lighted and
ventilated and properly planned in regard to
width, rise, and tread. Stairs should not have
winder steps.

7. Sanitation
Sanitation of the building is not only associated with urinals, bathrooms,
washbasins, and sinks but also the overall lighting and ventilation. All the parts
of a building should have well lighting and ventilation to maintain good hygienic
conditions. This could be done in a natural way or in an artificial way (air
conditioning).

Necessary provisions to facilitate the cleaning of the building be installed.

Washing closets, lavatories, urinals, and bathrooms like sanitary conveniences
should be installed adequately in number in relation to the occupant load.

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8. Elegance
Elegance is the overall effect produced by elevation and general layout of the plan
of a building. To get good elegance of a building it is better if elevation is
developed first and then the plan is adjusted accordingly.

The selection of a site or open plot for the construction of a building greatly
affects elegance. A building located in a depression will give bad elegance
whereas a building on an elevated spot gives an impressive appearance. Buildings
located on backward sloping upwards ground give good elevation & elegance.

9. Privacy
Privacy is an important part of building planning. Privacy may be from one part to
another of the same building or could be from neighboring buildings, streets, etc.

In residential buildings, every room should have certain privacy which can be
secured by carefully planning the entrance, path-ways, and drives.
Proper grouping of rooms, and good positioning of doors and windows, lobbies, or
screens can give required internal privacy. Toilet rooms, bedrooms, w.c., and
urinals should have absolute privacy.
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10. Flexibility
Flexibility means planning the rooms in such a way that though originally
designed for a specific purpose, may be used for other purposes also when desired.

For designing houses for middle-class families or other buildings where the
economy is the main consideration flexibility should always be considered.

If a large space is needed at a certain time a house to accommodate the

gathering. It can be obtained by removing a removable partition wall or curtain
between the room and the dining room. Alternatively, an open yard, garden, or
verandah can also be provided.

11. Economy
The economy is a major factor in building planning. To fit the proposed scheme
within the limitations of the resources and funds certain alterations and omissions
in the original plan have to make. But while considering the economy, the required
strength and durability of the structure should not be compromised.

Some simple economy-achieving approaches in buildings are,

 Simple elevation, dispensing of porches, lobbies, etc.

 Steeper rise to the stair, wider steps in the stair.
 Reducing the story height to a bare minimum.
 Standardization of sizes of various components and materials.

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12. Practical Consideration

Besides all the Principles of planning discussed, the following practical points
should be additionally considered,

1. The strength, stability, convenience, and comfort of the occupants of the

building, should be considered first.
2. Provisions for future extensions without dismantling should be made in the
planning.
3. The building should be strong and capable to withstand the likely adverse
effects of natural agencies (earthquake, flood, storm, etc.)
4. Elevations should be simple yet attractive. Too many porches may give good
elevation for some time, but in the end, simple designs fit better for
generations.
5. The larger size of the room should always be considered as far as possible as it
can be shortened by providing partitions but smaller rooms cannot be enlarged
easily.

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Conclusion

Overall, it can be concluded that before designing a house, it is obligatory

to follow these general principles of residential planning. The principles of
planning and designing have been examined even in commercial, industrial,
recreational, and other structures. These principles provide an overall idea of
arranging the elements in a creative way to accomplish successful building
planning and happy and healthy life.

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References

www.google.com
www.microsoftbing.co
m
Techmax building planning and drawing book

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