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Midterm Reviewer - STS

Human flourishing involves different components according to Aristotle like phronesis, friendship, wealth, and power. Happiness is defined in two ways - hedonia focuses on pleasure while eudaimonia sees happiness as becoming a better person. Science is a social endeavor and uses methods like verification theory which emphasizes empiricism and falsification theory where ideas stand until proven false. Technology reveals the human condition which has advanced from using materials and discovering metals to modern issues like the Holocene extinction. The good life is debated between views like hedonism focusing on pleasure, stoicism advocating detachment, and humanism believing in human freedom and self-determination.

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Franco Vergel Manongsong
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199 views

Midterm Reviewer - STS

Human flourishing involves different components according to Aristotle like phronesis, friendship, wealth, and power. Happiness is defined in two ways - hedonia focuses on pleasure while eudaimonia sees happiness as becoming a better person. Science is a social endeavor and uses methods like verification theory which emphasizes empiricism and falsification theory where ideas stand until proven false. Technology reveals the human condition which has advanced from using materials and discovering metals to modern issues like the Holocene extinction. The good life is debated between views like hedonism focusing on pleasure, stoicism advocating detachment, and humanism believing in human freedom and self-determination.

Uploaded by

Franco Vergel Manongsong
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Human Flourishing in Terms of Science and Technology (LESSON 1)

 Happiness, according to:


 Psychology – a mental or emotional state of well-being which can be defined by, among
others, positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy
 Behaviorists – a cocktail of emotions we experience when we do something good or positive
 Neurologists – the experience of a flood of hormones released in brain as a reward for
behavior that prolongs survival
 Happiness, defined by:
 Hedonia – the purpose of life is to maximize happiness, minimize misery; the Hedonistic
view of well-being is that happiness is the opposite of suffering, the presence of happiness
indicates the absnce of pain
 Eudaimonia – happiness as the pursuit of becoming a better person; describes the pinnacle
of happiness attainable by humans
 Human Flourishing
 From Nicomachean Ethics, written by Nicomachus
 Philosophical inquiry into the nature of the good life for a human being, human flourishing
arises as a result of different components such as:
o Phronesis – habit of making the right decisions, taking the right actions, and
relentless pursuit of excellence for the common good
o Friendship
o Wealth
o Power
 Acquiring these qualities bring its seekers happiness, which allows them to partake in the
greater notion of what we call the Good
 Conceptions regarding Society and Human Flourishing
 Eastern Conception – community-centric, individual sacrifice for society, Confucianism and
Bushido
 Western Conception – individual-focused, human flourishing, Aristotelian
 Science as Methods and Results
 Verification Theory
o Earliest criterion that distinguished philosophy from science; proposed that a
discipline is science if it can be confirmed; gives premium to empiricism
o In the 20th century, a movement called the Vienna Circle started from a group of
scholars
o Has been called out due to shutting down budding theories that lacked
empirical results, and failing to weed out arguments that explain things
coincidentally
 Falsification Theory
o Asserts that as long as an ideology isn’t proven false and is better than its
counterparts, it should be accepted
o Karl Popper is a known proponent of this view
 Science as a Social Endeavor
 Science as Results
 Science as Education
Technology as a Way of Revealing (LESSON 2)
 The Human Condition Before Common Era
 Gifted with brains more advance than other creatures
 Able to utilize abundant materials
 Discover minerals and began forging metal work
 Fur clothing and animal skins
 Found the need to explain things in a way that made sense to them
 The Human Condition in the Common Era
 Holocene Extinction, an ongoing extinction due to human activity, with its first recorded
case dating back to 12,000 years ago
 Began the prospect of profit
 Advancements in medicine, technology, health, and education
 Notable Comparisons:
o Mortality Rate
o Average Lifespan
o Literacy Rate
o Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
 Essence of Technology
 Martin Heidegger – argued that the essence of technology and being are different from each
other
 Humans lose track of things that matter, reducing their surrounding to their economic value.
 It seems that human condition, although more sophisticated is nothing but a rehashed
version of its former self.
The Good Life (LESSON 3)
 Plato
 The task of understanding the things in the world runs parallel in the job of truly getting into
what will make the soul flourish.
 Two Realities in the World
o World of Matter – changing and impermanent
o World of Forms – entities are only copies of the ideal and models
 Aristotle
 Truth is the aim of the theoretical sciences, while good is the goal of the practical disciplines.
 Happiness is the end goal of life. Every human person aspires for an end.
 Greatest Happiness Principle
 Declared by John Stuart Mill in the 18th century
 “An action is right as far as it maximizes the attainment of happiness for the greatest
number of people.” The ethical is meant to lead us to the good and happy life.
 Materialism
 First proposed by Democritus and Leucippus
 Atomos simply come together randomly to form things in the world. As such, only material
entities matter.
 Hedonism
 Led by Epicurus
 “Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die.”
 Stoicism
 Also led by Epicurus
 To generate happiness, one must learn to distance oneself and be apathetic
 Theism
 The ultimate basis of happiness is communion with God; using God as a fulcrum of our
existence.
 Humanism
 Freedom of man to carve his own destiny and to legislate his own laws

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