Module 3

ANALYZING
NONFICTIONAL
ELEMENTS
Creative Non-Fiction
 GUESS
PICGUESS
Jumpstart
NON
FICTION
PIECE
1. THE
CHARACTERS
– these are the entities (people or animals)
who are considered as the participants in
the action of the real-life event.
 Methods of Characterization

1. Direct-a
Direct character in the story is described by the
author directly.
2. Indirect-
Indirect a character who is described by the
author through his/her personality, action, physical
appearance, thoughts, and speech.
 1. DIRECT

Example: "David is a shy and introverted

boy. He prefers spending time alone with
his books rather than socializing with
others."
 2. INDIRECT

Example: "During lunch breaks, David often

sits alone in the library, engrossed in his
novels. He rarely raises his hand in class,
preferring to blend into the background.
When approached by classmates, he
responds with short, hesitant answers,
avoiding eye contact."
 Kinds of characters that can be portrayed
According to Roles Played
Major Characters
a. Protagonist-
Protagonist the main or central character. He is
also called hero or heroine (female) when they
exemplify nobility and bravery.
b. Antagonist-
Antagonist the counterpart of the antagonist,
or the villain.
-It has no concern for the well being of the main
character
Minor Characters
a. Confidant
Confidant- the character to whom the main
character reveals his/her sentiments, hopes, and
aspirations.
b. Foil-
Foil a character who portrays a contrasting
quality to another character.
c. Stock type
type- a character who portrays national or
social identity.
According to fullness of development
a. Flat-
Flat a character who is portrays just one or two traits.
b. Round-
Round a character who is complicated or who has
many sides.

According to changes undergone in the story.

a. Static-
Static a character who does not show any change---
he/she has the same characteristics from the beginning
up to the end.
b. Developing/ dynamic-
dynamic a character who goes through
changes in his/her persona
lity.
2. THE PLOT
- a flow of events in a story. It is considered
as the skeleton, the blueprint, or the
framework of the story.
 Parts of the Plot

1. Exposition/ Introduction-
Introduction introduces the major
characters in the story and introduces the setting
of the story.
2. Complication/ Rising Action-
Action the occurring
events which occur that may lead to a problem or
conflict.
 Kinds of Conflicts

a. External Conflict-
Conflict the characters’ clash with the
forces outside him/her like natural occurrences
such as calamities and social occurrences like
fighting an antagonist.
b. Internal Conflict-
Conflict the characters’ clash within
himself/herself. An example of this is the
memories that continuously haunt the character
disabling him to think or act well.
3. Climax – is also called the turning point of
events. This is the peak of the interest in a story
where you as a reader or a viewer is very much
excited as to what may the result of this part be.
Resolution is also called as the falling action
4. Resolution-
where the problem or conflict is resolved.
5. Conclusion or the end determines whether it is
a success or a failure on the part of the major
characters.
3. POINT OF VIEW
- this answers the question “Who is
narrating?”
 Different Points of View

1. First Person POV-

POV the narrator is a character
himself/herself in the story. Your clue is the frequent use
of personal pronouns I and my in the story.
 First Person Point of View

Example: "II woke up, filled with excitement and nerves.

Today was my first day of school. The birds outside sang
as I got ready, and Mom greeted me with a smile in the
kitchen. Stepping into the sunlight, I was ready for this
new chapter in my life."
2. Second Person POV - a narrative mode where the
story is directly addressed to the reader as if they are a
character in the story. It uses pronouns like "you,"
you "your,"
your
yours to engage the reader and make them an
and "yours"
active participant in the narrative.
 Second Person Point of View

Example: "You
You embark on a thrilling adventure, exploring
unknown lands and facing daring challenges. With each
step, you feel the adrenaline pumping through your
veins. The possibilities are endless as you embrace the
excitement of the journey ahead."
3. Third Person POV-
POV the narrator is outside the story. It
is indicated by using the pronouns he,
he she,
she and they.
they
 Third Person Point of View

Example: "She
She walked through the bustling city,
determined and focused. The wind whispered through
the streets, urging her forward. With each step, she
moved closer to her goal, undeterred by the chaos
around her."
4. Omniscient POV-
POV the narrator knows all what the
characters are thinking, that is why he/she is called all-
knowing.
 Omniscient Point of View

Example: "At the bustling marketplace, Maria and David

unknowingly crossed paths. Maria was searching for a gift
for her sister, while David was browsing through the
colorful stalls, captivated by the vibrant artwork on display.
Little did they know, their lives would soon intertwine in
unexpected ways. The omniscient narrator observed their
separate journeys, aware of the serendipitous events that
lay ahead."
5. Limited POV-
POV a narrative mode where the story is told
from the perspective of a single character. The reader
only has access to the thoughts, feelings, and
experiences of that particular character.
 Limited Point of View

Example: "The sun set over the horizon, casting a warm

glow on the city streets. John walked home, feeling a sense
of anticipation in the air. He couldn't help but wonder what
the evening had in store for him. As he turned the corner,
he caught a glimpse of a familiar face in the distance. His
heart skipped a beat, and a smile spread across his face.
Maybe tonight would be the night everything changed."
4. ALLUSION
– this is a literary technique in which the
subject is being refered to a historical or
literary figure.
 Here are the Examples

*Juan is said to be the Jose Rizal in their class

because of his exemplary wit.(Meaning: excellent)
* Maria is known as the Gabriela Silang of their
community (Meaning: Maria is brave because
Gabriela Silang is known to be a brave Ilocano
heroine)
5. FLASHBACK
- a literary technique in which there is a
reminiscence or recollection of the past
events. In short, it is going back to the
past.
6. FORESHADOWING
- a counterpart of flashback as it utilizes
hints or clues indicative of what will
happen next in the story.
For example, in a story the writer uses a black cat
which signifies that there is something not-so-good
to happen later on.
7. IMAGERY
- the main message of a story or a
generalization about life. For example, the
theme of a story is: Perseverance gets you
to your goal. A theme should always
contain a subject and a predicate.
8. MOOD
- the feeling or atmosphere the author
makes for the reader.
9. MORAL
- the call towards having a good behavior;
this could be in the form of a
maxim, or a saying.
10. SUSPENSE
- the feeling of excitement, tension or even
pressure by the reader as he/she gets
involved in the story to know the
outcome of a particular conflict.
11. SYMBOL
- the representation of a person, place or
an object. For instance, in a story, the
diamond ring of the lady character might
symbolize love, wealth or even power.
12. THEME
- the main message of a story or a
generalization about life. For example, the
theme of a story is: Perseverance gets you
to your goal. A theme should always
contain a subject and a predicate.
13. TONE
- the attitude of the author towards its subject.
It could be joyful, serious, humorous, angry,
among others.
FIGURE
OF
SPEECH
 SIMILE
the comparison of two unlike things , but
have some commonalities. You can easily
distinguish that it is a simile because of the
use of the words as or like.
 SIMILE

Example: Silver-colored cars moved slowly

down the road like fishes in the deep ocean.
 METAPHOR
the comparison of two unlike things which
have commonalities but without the use of
the words as or like
 METAPHOR
Example: The youngest princess is the apple
of the King’s eyes.
 PERSONIFICATION
it personifies the inanimate objects, or it
makes the inanimate objects as if they are
living things.
 PERSONIFICATION
Example:The rock stubbornly refused to
move an inch.
 APOSTROPHE
addresses the dead as if he/she is still alive,
the absent as if they are present, and the
inanimate as if they were persons.
 APOSTROPHE
Example: O Wind, if Winter comes, can
Spring be far behind?
 ALLITERATION
the succeeding words in a line or a sentence
which have the same consonant sounds
beginning.
 ALLITERATION
Example: O wild West Wind, thou breath of
Autumn’s being.” (Shelley’s “Ode to The West
Wind)
 HYPERBOLE
the exaggeration of what is said.
 HYPERBOLE
Example:The grieving widow cried a bucket
of tears.
 ONOMATOPOEIA
the use of words that mimic sounds.
 ONOMATOPOEIA
Example: “Tlot-tlot, tlot-tlot! Had they heard
it? The horsehoofs ringing clear.”
 ANTITHESIS
this is a contrast of words in a sentence to
make it more ardent or impactful to the
readers.
 ANTITHESIS
Example: “To err is human; to forgive,
divine.” (A. Pope’s “Epigrams”)
 PARADOX
a contradictory statement which is true.
 PARADOX
Example: Life succeeds in that it seems to
fail.
 OXYMORON
a kind of paradox which has two opposite or
contradictory terms in a sentence.
 OXYMORON
Example: “Parting is such a sweet sorrow.”
(William Shakespeare)
 SYNECDOCHE
it is a substitution of a part for a whole and
a whole for a part.
 SYNECDOCHE
Example: O wild West Wind, thou breath of
Autumn’s being.” (Shelley’s “Ode to The West
Wind)
 HOW TO
ANALYZE
the different elements within a particular
story.
 Character & Characterization

*what is the role of that character in story?

*What does this character display? Is he good or

evil? How do you say? Give some textual proof.

*What does this character epitomize? Is he or she a

representation of hope or goodness? How?
 Setting

Where is the setting of the story? (time and place)?

What is the impact of the setting to the overall

atmosphere or meaning of the story?
 Plot

Do you think the sequence of the story is logical?

What technique did the author use to make the

plot more creative? Did he use flashback or
foreshadowing? Was he successfull?
 Point of View

What is the point of view of the story?

How do you know that it was the POV used? Sight

textual references.

What is the over all effect of the type of POV used

in the story? Is the story more dramatic if you use
such type of POV?
 Allusion

Do you some allusions in the story? If so, what are

they?

What is the significance of these allusions in the

story?
 Irony

*What kind of irony is present in the story?

*What is the significance of these irony in the

story?
 Mood

*What is the mood of the story?

*What words support the mood of the story?

 Moral

*What is the moral of the story

*How is the moral evident in the story?

 Suspense

*What suspense where you able to spot in the

story?

*How did you feel upon reading it?

* What happened next?

 Symbol

*What are the symbol/symbolisms in the story?

*How where you able to know such

symbols/symbols in the story?
 Theme

*What is the theme of the story ?

*What evidences can you provide to prove that

such is theme of the story?
 Tone

*What is the tone of the story that you read?

*How did the different elements converge to come

up with the over all tone of the story
 Figure of Speech

*What are the figurative languages that you where

able to spot in the story

*What these figures of speech mean?

*What is the impact of these to story?

 THAN
KYOU
Thankyou
FOR for
Listening
LIS