Complex Variables, Laplace and Z-transformations (Mid-Spring ‘23-24)

Syllabus for Midterm exam – Laplace transformation; Inverse Laplace transformation;

Application of Laplace Transformation; System of ODE using Laplace transformation;
Complex number; Complex function and its differentiation (Cauchy-Riemann equations).

Advanced Engineering Mathematics – Erwin Kreyszig - 10th edition.

Topics Sub topics and Example Exercise

Definition (P-203) P-210 Ex # 1 -6
Derivation of formula: Example # 1- P-210 Ex # 9-16 (Using
4 definition)
Laplace Table-6.1 (P-207) P-251 Ex # 11-13,17,19
Transformation
(Chapter- 6) Linearity of Laplace transform (P-
206), First Shifting Theorem (P-
208) P- 211 Ex # 33-36
P-208 Example # 5
P- 211 Ex # 25-32 (Using
Inverse Laplace formula and partial
Transformation Definition (P-205) fraction)
Theorem 2 (P-208) Example #5
(Chapter- 6) P- 211 Ex # 37-41, 43,44
P-251 Ex # 20,22-25,27,28
Application of Derivative formula of Laplace
P- 216 Ex # 1-11,16,17
Laplace transformation (P-211)
P-251 Ex # 29,30
Transformation P-214 Example # 4,5
(Chapter- 6) Some Physical Problem Notes will be provided
Unit Step Function (P-217) P-223 Ex # 2-17
Unit Step Function Time Shifting (3,4,4*) (P-219) P-230 Ex # 3-8,11,12
(Chapter 6) P-220 Example # 1,2 P-251 Ex # 14-16,21,26
Dirac’s Delta Function (P-225) P-252 Ex # 31-33
System of ODE using
Laplace P- 246 Ex # 3,6,8,9,11,12
Transformation P-242 Example # 1,3
P-252 Ex # 34-36
(Chapter- 6)
Complex Analysis with Applications – Dennis G. Zill.

Topics Sub topics and Example Exercise

Complex numbers and their

Complex Numbers properties (P-2) P-7 Ex # 1,2,3-16
(Chapter- 1) Conjugate (P-4) P-8 Ex # 21, 25, 27-34, 48
(P-4) Example # 1,2,3

Complex Plane (P-10)

Modulus (P-10), Properties (P-11),
Complex Plane Distance (P-11), Inequalities (P-12) P- 14 Ex # 6(a), 9-12, 27-
(Chapter- 1) 29
(P-11) Example # 2

Polar Form (P-16), Principal

Arguments (P-17), Arguments,
Polar Form of Multiplication and Division (P-18),
P- 21 Ex # 1-8, 23
Complex Numbers Integer Power of z,
(Chapter- 1) De Moivre’s Formula (P- 20)
P-17 Example # 1,2,3,4

Roots (P-24),
Powers and Roots P-8 Ex# 35,36
Principal n-th Roots (P-25)
(Chapter-1) P-26 Ex # 1,2,7-10,17
(P-24) Example # 1,2
Derivatives (P-142)
Analytic Functions (P-145)
Cauchy-Reimann Equations (C-R) Verify C-R Equations and
(P-152) find 𝑓𝑓 ′ (𝑧𝑧):
Differentiability and P- 157 Ex # 1-12,15,16,25,
Analyticity Theorem-3.4, Formula of 𝑓𝑓 ′ (𝑧𝑧) (P-
152) 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) =
(Chapter- 3) 1
(P-153) Example # 1,2 𝑧𝑧 5 , 𝑧𝑧 7 , 2𝑒𝑒 𝑧𝑧 , 𝑒𝑒 3𝑧𝑧 , 𝑒𝑒 −𝑧𝑧 ,2 𝑧𝑧 3 +
Theorem-3.5 (P-154) 6𝑧𝑧
(P-155) Example # 3
Polar Coordinates (P-156)
 Exercise 1.1
I. Find the Laplace transformation (1-6) using definition:

1. L { e at } 4. L {t 2 e at }
2. L {sin 2t} 5. L {e at f ( t )}
3. L {cos 3t} 6. L {cos at}

II. Find the Laplace transformation of the following functions (7-26),

assuming a, b, ω, π as constants:

f (t= 17
7. ) 3t + 12 .
f ( t ) = e 2t sinh t
18 f ( t ) = e − t sinh 4t
f ( t=
) ( a − bt )
2
8.
.
f ( t ) = cos π t 19 f ( t ) = sinh t cos t
9.
.
10 f ( t ) = cos 2 ω t 20 f ( t ) = 12te −3t
. .
11 1  21
f ( t ) = sin 2  π t  f ( t ) = t 2 e −3t
. 2  .
12 f ( t ) 5cosh 2t − 3sinh t
= 22 f ( t ) t cos t + sin t
=
. .
13 f ( t ) e − t ( cos 4t − 2sin 4t )
= 23 f ( t ) = e 2t sinh t
. .
14 f ( t ) = ke − at cos ω t 24 f ( t ) = e − t sinh 4t
. .
15 25
f ( t ) = 0.5e −4.5t sin 2π t ( t ) et ( t 2 + sin 3t )
f=
. .
16 f (t ) = t e 26
f ( t ) e −3t ( t + 4 )
5 2t 2
=
. .

III. Defined the function f ( t ) and find the Laplace transformation of f ( t ) (27-
34) by using definition:

f(t) f(t) f(t)

f(t)

9. 0.
7. t 8. t t t

f(t) f(t)
f(t)
f(t)

t t 3.
1. 2. t 4.
 t

IV. Convert 𝒇𝒇(𝒕𝒕) (35-47) to Unit step function and find the Laplace
transformations of 𝒇𝒇(𝒕𝒕):
3
.
35 f ( t )= t ( 0 < t < 2 )
.
42
( t ) t 2  t > 
f=
 2
36 f (t ) =
t − 2 (t > 2) 43 f ( t ) sinh t ( 0 < t < 2 )
=
. .
37 44 π 
f ( t ) cos 4t ( 0 < t < π )
= f ( t ) sin t  < t < π 
=
. . 2 
38  π 45  1
f (=
t ) et  0 < t <  f ( t ) 16t 2u  t − 
=
.  2 .  4
39 f ( t ) sin π t ( 2 < t < 4 )
= 46 f ( t ) et 2u ( t − 3 )
=
. .
40 47
.
( t ) e −π t ( 2 < t < 4 )
f=
.
f (=
t ) u ( t − 2π ) sin t
41 f ( t=
.
) t 2 (1 < t < 2 )

V. Obtain Laplace transformation (48,49) by 1st and 2nd order differentiation:

48. t cos 4𝑡𝑡 49. 𝑡𝑡2 𝑒𝑒−3𝑡𝑡
 Exercise Set 1.2

I. Find the inverse Laplace transformation of the following functions (1-22)

assuming a,b,L,n as constants:
0.2𝑠𝑠+1.8 3𝑠𝑠+4 3
1. 12. 23.
𝑠𝑠 2 +3.24 𝑠𝑠 2 +4𝑠𝑠+5 𝑠𝑠 2 +𝑠𝑠/4
5 𝑠𝑠+1 3𝑠𝑠 20
2. 13. 24.
𝑠𝑠 2 −25 𝑠𝑠 2 −2𝑠𝑠+2 𝑠𝑠 3 −2𝜋𝜋𝑠𝑠 2
𝑠𝑠 𝜔𝜔 cos 𝜃𝜃+𝑠𝑠 sin 𝜃𝜃 1
3. 14. 25.
𝐿𝐿2 𝑠𝑠 2 +𝑛𝑛2 𝜋𝜋2 𝑠𝑠 2 +𝜔𝜔2 𝑠𝑠(𝑠𝑠 2 +𝜔𝜔2 )
1 6(𝑠𝑠+1) 1
4. 15. 26.
(𝑠𝑠+√2)(𝑠𝑠−√3) 𝑠𝑠 4 𝑠𝑠 4 −𝑠𝑠 2

12 228 𝜋𝜋 𝑠𝑠+1
5. − 16. 27.
𝑠𝑠 4 𝑠𝑠 6 (𝑠𝑠+𝜋𝜋)2 𝑠𝑠 4 +9𝑠𝑠 2
4𝑠𝑠+32 6 3𝑠𝑠+4
6. 17. 28.
𝑠𝑠 2 −16 (𝑠𝑠+1)3 𝑠𝑠 4 +𝑘𝑘 2 𝑠𝑠 2
𝑠𝑠+10 21 1
7. 18. 29.
𝑠𝑠 2 −𝑠𝑠−2 (𝑠𝑠+√2)4 𝑠𝑠 3 +𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 2
1 4 2𝑠𝑠+1
8. 19. 30.
(𝑠𝑠+𝑎𝑎)(𝑠𝑠+𝑏𝑏) 𝑠𝑠 2 −2𝑠𝑠−3 (𝑠𝑠 2 +1) (𝑠𝑠−2)

7.5 𝜋𝜋 𝑠𝑠+1
9. 20. 31.
𝑠𝑠 2 −2𝑠𝑠−8 𝑠𝑠 2 +10𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋+24𝜋𝜋2 𝑠𝑠 2 (𝑠𝑠−3)
1 2𝑠𝑠−1
16 21.
10. 1 𝑠𝑠 2 −6𝑠𝑠+18
𝑠𝑠 2 +𝑠𝑠+
2
𝑠𝑠 2 −6.25 𝑎𝑎(𝑠𝑠+𝑘𝑘)+𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
11. 22.
(𝑠𝑠 2 −6.25)2 (𝑠𝑠+𝑘𝑘)2 +𝜋𝜋2

II. Find the inverse Laplace transformation (32-37) associated with the unit
step function:
32. 𝑒𝑒 −3𝑠𝑠 /(𝑠𝑠 − 1)3 34. 𝑒𝑒 −3𝑠𝑠 /𝑠𝑠 4 36.
𝑠𝑠+1 −𝑠𝑠
𝑒𝑒
𝑠𝑠2

33. 6(1 − 𝑒𝑒 −𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 )/(𝑠𝑠 2 + 9) 35. 2(𝑒𝑒 −𝑠𝑠 − 𝑒𝑒 −3𝑠𝑠 )/(𝑠𝑠 2 − 4) 37.
2𝑠𝑠−10 −5𝑠𝑠
𝑒𝑒
𝑠𝑠3
 Exercise Set 1.3

Solve the IVPs by the Laplace transformation:

1. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑡𝑡; 𝑦𝑦(0) = 1, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 1

2. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦𝑦 ′ + 9𝑦𝑦 = 0; 𝑦𝑦(0) = 0.16, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 0

3. 𝑦𝑦 ′ + 5.2𝑦𝑦 = 19.4sin⁡
(2𝑡𝑡); 𝑦𝑦(0) = 0

4. 𝑦𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦𝑦 = 0; 𝑦𝑦(0) = 1.5

5. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦𝑦 ′ − 6𝑦𝑦 = 0; 𝑦𝑦(0) = 11, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 28

6. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 9𝑦𝑦 = 10𝑒𝑒 −𝑡𝑡 ; 𝑦𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 0

1
7. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 4 𝑦𝑦 = 0; 𝑦𝑦(0) = 12, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 0

8. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 6𝑦𝑦 ′ + 5𝑦𝑦 = 29cos⁡

(2𝑡𝑡); 𝑦𝑦(0) = 3.2, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 6.2

9. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 7𝑦𝑦 ′ + 12𝑦𝑦 = 21𝑒𝑒 3𝑡𝑡 ; 𝑦𝑦(0) = 3.5, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = −10

10. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 4𝑦𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦𝑦 = 0; 𝑦𝑦(0) = 8.1, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 3.9

11. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 4𝑦𝑦 ′ + 3𝑦𝑦 = 6𝑡𝑡 − 8; 𝑦𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 0

12. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 0.04𝑦𝑦 = 0.02𝑡𝑡 2 ; 𝑦𝑦(0) = −25, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 0

13. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 3𝑦𝑦 ′ + 2.25𝑦𝑦 = 9𝑡𝑡 3 + 64; 𝑦𝑦(0) = 1, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 31.5

14. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦𝑦 ′ + 5𝑦𝑦 = 50𝑡𝑡; 𝑦𝑦(0) = 5, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = −5

15. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 16𝑦𝑦 = 4𝛿𝛿(𝑡𝑡 − 𝜋𝜋); 𝑦𝑦(0) = −1, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 0

16. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦𝑦 = 12𝑢𝑢(𝑡𝑡 − 𝜋𝜋)sin⁡𝑡𝑡); 𝑦𝑦(0) = 1, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = −1

17. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦𝑦 = 𝛿𝛿(𝑡𝑡 − 𝜋𝜋) − 𝛿𝛿(𝑡𝑡 − 2𝜋𝜋); 𝑦𝑦(0) = 1, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 0

18. 𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 3𝑦𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑢𝑢(𝑡𝑡 − 2); 𝑦𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦𝑦 ′ (0) = 0

Using the Laplace transformation, solve the system of ODEs (19-27):

19. 𝑦𝑦1′ = −𝑦𝑦1 + 4𝑦𝑦2 , 𝑦𝑦2′ = 3𝑦𝑦1 − 2𝑦𝑦2 ; 𝑦𝑦1 (0) = 3, 𝑦𝑦2 (0) = 4

20. 𝑦𝑦1′ = 5𝑦𝑦1 + 𝑦𝑦2 , 𝑦𝑦2′ = 𝑦𝑦1 + 5𝑦𝑦2 ; 𝑦𝑦1 (0) = 1, 𝑦𝑦2 (0) = −3
 22. 𝑦𝑦1′ = 4𝑦𝑦1 + 𝑦𝑦2 , 𝑦𝑦2′ = −𝑦𝑦1 + 2𝑦𝑦2 ; 𝑦𝑦1 (0) = 3, 𝑦𝑦2 (0) = 1
23. 𝑦𝑦1′′ = 𝑦𝑦1 + 3𝑦𝑦2 , 𝑦𝑦2′′ = 4𝑦𝑦1 − 4𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 ; 𝑦𝑦1 (0) = 2, 𝑦𝑦1′ (0) = 3, 𝑦𝑦2 (0) = 1, 𝑦𝑦2′ (0) = 2
24. 𝑦𝑦1′′ = −2𝑦𝑦1 + 2𝑦𝑦2 , 𝑦𝑦2′′ = 2𝑦𝑦1 − 5𝑦𝑦2 ; 𝑦𝑦1 (0) = 1, 𝑦𝑦1′ (0) = 0, 𝑦𝑦2 (0) = 3, 𝑦𝑦2′ (0) = 0

25. 𝑦𝑦1′ = 𝑦𝑦2 , 𝑦𝑦2′ = −4𝑦𝑦1 + 𝛿𝛿(𝑡𝑡 − 𝜋𝜋); 𝑦𝑦1 (0) = 0, 𝑦𝑦2 (0) = 0

26. 𝑦𝑦1′ = 2𝑦𝑦1 − 4𝑦𝑦2 , 𝑦𝑦2′ = 𝑦𝑦1 − 3𝑦𝑦2 ; 𝑦𝑦1 (0) = 3, 𝑦𝑦2 (0) = 0

27. 𝑦𝑦1′ = 2𝑦𝑦1 + 4𝑦𝑦2 , 𝑦𝑦2′ = 𝑦𝑦1 + 2𝑦𝑦2 ; 𝑦𝑦1 (0) = −4, 𝑦𝑦2 (0) = −4

System of ODEs using Laplace Transformation (28-30):

28. Tank 𝑇𝑇1 initially contains 100gal of pure water. Tank 𝑇𝑇2 initially contains 100gal of
water in which 150lb of salt are dissolved. The inflow into 𝑇𝑇1 is 2gal/min from 𝑇𝑇2
and 6gal/min containing 6lb of salt from the outside. The inflow into 𝑇𝑇2 is
8gal/min from 𝑇𝑇1 . The outflow from 𝑇𝑇2 is 2 + 6 = 8gal/min, as shown in the
figure. The mixtures are kept uniform by stirring. Find the salt contents 𝑦𝑦1 (𝑡𝑡) and
𝑦𝑦2 (𝑡𝑡) in 𝑇𝑇1 and 𝑇𝑇2 , respectively.

Figure 1: Mixing Problem

29. The mechanical system in Fig. 2 consists of two bodies of mass 1 on three springs of
the same spring constant 𝑘𝑘 and of negligibly small masses of the springs. Also
damping is assumed to be practically zero. Then the model of the physical system is

𝑦𝑦1′′ = −𝑘𝑘𝑦𝑦1 + 𝑘𝑘(𝑦𝑦2 − 𝑦𝑦1 ), 𝑦𝑦2′′ = −𝑘𝑘(𝑦𝑦2 − 𝑦𝑦1 ) − 𝑘𝑘𝑦𝑦2 .

Here 𝑦𝑦1 and 𝑦𝑦2 are the displacements of the bodies from their positions of static
equilibrium. We regard downward forces as positive and upward as negative. On the
upper body, −𝑘𝑘𝑦𝑦1 is the force of the upper spring and 𝑘𝑘(𝑦𝑦2 − 𝑦𝑦1 ) that of the middle
spring, 𝑦𝑦2 − 𝑦𝑦1 being the net change in spring length. On the lower body,
−𝑘𝑘(𝑦𝑦2 − 𝑦𝑦1 ) is the force of the middle spring and −𝑘𝑘𝑦𝑦2 that of the lower spring.
Initial conditions: 𝑦𝑦1 (0) = 1, 𝑦𝑦2 (0) = 1, 𝑦𝑦1′ (0) = √3𝑘𝑘; 𝑦𝑦2′ (0) = −√3𝑘𝑘
 Figure 2: Mass Spring Model

30. Using the Laplace transform and showing the details, find the current i(t) in the
circuit in Fig. 3, assuming zero initial current and charge and

𝑅𝑅 = 2Ω, 𝐿𝐿 = 1𝐻𝐻, 𝐶𝐶 = 0.5𝐹𝐹, 𝑣𝑣(𝑡𝑡) = 1𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 if 0 < 𝑡𝑡 < 2 and 0 if 𝑡𝑡 > 2.

Figure 3: RLC Circuit

 Exercise Set 2

1. If 𝒛𝒛𝟏𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟒𝟒𝒊𝒊, 𝒛𝒛𝟐𝟐 = −𝟑𝟑 + 𝟖𝟖𝒊𝒊, 𝒛𝒛𝟑𝟑 = 𝟐𝟐 − 𝟑𝟑𝒊𝒊 and 𝒛𝒛𝟒𝟒 = −𝟒𝟒 − 𝟔𝟔𝒊𝒊, then find

a) Locate 𝑧𝑧1 , 𝑧𝑧2, 𝑧𝑧3 and 𝑧𝑧4 in Argand Diagram, b) 𝑧𝑧1 +𝑧𝑧2 c) 𝑧𝑧3 − 𝑧𝑧1 d) 𝑧𝑧1 𝑧𝑧2

𝑧𝑧 𝑧𝑧 1
e) 𝑧𝑧3 + 𝑧𝑧1 f) (𝑧𝑧 3
+ 𝑧𝑧1 g)|𝑧𝑧1 𝑧𝑧̅2 − 𝑧𝑧3 |.
4 2 2)

2. Write the given number in the form 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊.

a) (5 − 9𝑖𝑖) + (2 − 4𝑖𝑖) b) 3(4 − 𝑖𝑖) − 3(5 + 2𝑖𝑖) c) 𝑖𝑖(5 + 7𝑖𝑖)

1 1 2 5
d) 𝑖𝑖(4 − 𝑖𝑖) + 4𝑖𝑖(1 + 2𝑖𝑖) e) (2 − 3𝑖𝑖)(4 + 𝑖𝑖) f) �2 − 4 𝑖𝑖� �3 + 3 𝑖𝑖�

1 𝑖𝑖 2−4𝑖𝑖
g) 3𝑖𝑖 + 2−𝑖𝑖 h) 1+𝑖𝑖 i) 3+5𝑖𝑖

10−5𝑖𝑖 (3−𝑖𝑖)(2+3𝑖𝑖) (1+𝑖𝑖)(1−2𝑖𝑖)

j) 6+2𝑖𝑖
k) 1+𝑖𝑖
l) (2+𝑖𝑖)(4−3𝑖𝑖)

(5−4𝑖𝑖)−(3+7𝑖𝑖) (4+5𝑖𝑖)+2𝑖𝑖 3
m) (4+2𝑖𝑖)+(2−3𝑖𝑖) n) o) (2 + 3𝑖𝑖)2
(2+𝑖𝑖)2

𝒊𝒊 𝟏𝟏
3. Find 𝐑𝐑𝐑𝐑 (𝐳𝐳) and 𝐈𝐈𝐈𝐈(𝐳𝐳) of 𝒛𝒛 = �𝟑𝟑−𝒊𝒊� �𝟐𝟐+𝟑𝟑𝒊𝒊�.

4. Let 𝒛𝒛 = −𝟔𝟔 − 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. Find

1
a) Re �𝑧𝑧� b) Re (𝑧𝑧 2 ) c) Im (2𝑧𝑧 + 4𝑧𝑧‾ − 4𝑖𝑖)

d) Im (𝑧𝑧‾2 + 𝑧𝑧 2 ) e) Re (𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖) f) Im (𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖)

g) (1 + 𝑖𝑖)𝑧𝑧 h) |𝑧𝑧|.

5. Find the modulus of the following Complex number:

1
a) 𝑧𝑧 = (1 − 𝑖𝑖)2 , b) 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑖𝑖(2 − 𝑖𝑖) − 4 �1 + 4 𝑖𝑖�,

2𝑖𝑖 1−2𝑖𝑖 2−𝑖𝑖

c) 𝑧𝑧 = 3−4𝑖𝑖 , d) 𝑧𝑧 = 1+𝑖𝑖
+ 1−𝑖𝑖 .

6. Find the principal argument of the following Complex numbers:

1−𝑖𝑖
a) 𝑧𝑧 = 1 + 𝑖𝑖, b) 𝑧𝑧 = −1 + √3𝑖𝑖, c) 𝑧𝑧 = (1+𝑖𝑖)2, d) 𝑧𝑧 = −5 + 5𝑖𝑖.

7. Convert the following Complex numbers into polar form:

a) 𝑧𝑧 = 2, b) 𝑧𝑧 = −1, c) 𝑧𝑧 = −3𝑖𝑖, d) 𝑧𝑧 = 1 + 𝑖𝑖,

 1+𝑖𝑖
e) 𝑧𝑧 = −√3 + 𝑖𝑖, e) 𝑧𝑧 = 1 + 𝑖𝑖, f) 𝑧𝑧 = −2 − 2√3𝑖𝑖, g) 𝑧𝑧 = (1−𝑖𝑖)2.

8. Establish the given inequality:

a) If |𝑧𝑧| = 2 , then |𝑧𝑧 + 6 + 8𝑖𝑖| ≤ 13 ,

b) If |𝑧𝑧| = 1 , then 1 ≤ |𝑧𝑧 2 − 3| ≤ 4 ,
c) Find an upper bound for the modulus of 3𝑧𝑧 2 + 2𝑧𝑧 + 1 if |𝑧𝑧| ≤ 1,

d) Verify the triangle inequality |𝑧𝑧1 + 𝑧𝑧2 | ≤ |𝑧𝑧1 | + |𝑧𝑧2 | for 𝑧𝑧1 = 3 − 2𝑖𝑖 and 𝑧𝑧2 = 4 + 2𝑖𝑖.

9. For the following equations, find all values of z and also locate these values in the
complex plane:
1 1 1
a) z = (−1)4 , b) z = (1 + 𝑖𝑖)5 , c) z = (8)3 ,

1 1 1
d) z = (−1 + 𝑖𝑖)5 , e) 𝑧𝑧 = �−1 + √3𝑖𝑖�2 , f) 𝑧𝑧 = �−1 − √3𝑖𝑖�4 .

10. Describe and graph the locus represented by each of the following:

a) |𝑧𝑧 + 3𝑖𝑖| > 4, b) 1< |𝑧𝑧 − 5 + 𝑖𝑖| ≤ 2,

c) |𝑧𝑧 − 1 + 2𝑖𝑖| > 5, d) |𝑧𝑧| ≤ 4.

 Exercise Set 3

1. Verify Cauchy-Riemann Equations. If possible, find 𝒇𝒇′ (𝒛𝒛):

1. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑧𝑧 3 12. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑖𝑖 𝑒𝑒 −𝑥𝑥 sin 𝑦𝑦
2. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 3𝑧𝑧 2 + 5𝑧𝑧 − 6𝑖𝑖 13. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑥𝑥 + sin 𝑥𝑥 cosh 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑖𝑖(𝑦𝑦 + cos 𝑥𝑥 sinh 𝑦𝑦)
3. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅(𝑧𝑧) 14. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
2 −𝑦𝑦 2
cos 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑖𝑖 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
2 −𝑦𝑦 2
sin 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
4. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 2 2
15. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 4𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 + 9 + 𝑖𝑖(8𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦 − 1)

5. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 4𝑧𝑧 − 6𝑧𝑧̅ + 3 16. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) =

cos 𝜃𝜃
− 𝑖𝑖
sin 𝜃𝜃
𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟
2
6. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑧𝑧̅ 17. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 5𝑟𝑟 cos 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑟𝑟 4 cos 4𝜃𝜃 + 𝑖𝑖(5𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑟𝑟 4 sin 4𝜃𝜃)
7. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 18. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑒𝑒 𝑧𝑧
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
8. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑦𝑦 2 19. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑒𝑒 −𝑧𝑧

9. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑧𝑧 5 20. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑒𝑒 3𝑧𝑧

10. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 𝑧𝑧 7
1
21. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 2𝑒𝑒 𝑧𝑧

11. 𝑓𝑓(𝑧𝑧) = 2𝑧𝑧 3 + 6𝑧𝑧