Velocity is a vector therefore - velocity in Ch. 3 Part Il - 2D KINEMATICS: PROJECTILE MOTION Important Vocabulary: Projectile - OL ject being lamared- ley indegendlert Unset tutal + vertieal velueties, Trajectory - foe of POVECHE Hamad spor: Celled 6 fomubete. Range- Moy Wor dowel dithonu trwelel by pajeetl. Remember vectors acting perpendicular to each other are independent! hing ike te would happen” the x direction is independent of velocity in the y direction Tee __ Uprigoniel (Uotine Variables tokeep track of: Vertical Motion Variable What is it? Variable |_ What is it? (Wika velotly in He Xedinetpe. Initial Velaihy is Wey -diret hn Nix frac] Viy & Fivel Veloity be He edema ey Final vekiniiy He yodicee Hen a Eguc! be Vix. [vm Vex\, Aecclemeton in He wedirebed Aadlemton in the ydicecton O paca a * eee " oy.gs oad ait Ax Diszanee trweleol In tH bd Hamat eb de projectile ak a lige K- diretos (laddarity) | | Y tartan dine | ation t Time Pe air belt t Thee te te aw bebe leweling lending | BD He Tinta Cehucen x/y Motoutes L feyecrie Mote 1. Horizontal velocity of the projectile in the x-direction is Coust curt * The object has the same velocity in the_ - dire} Te throughout its flight * This means the horizontal acceleration {acceleration in the x-direction) is Zee Ox 2 Vix 2 VE 2. Vertical velocity of the projectile_Clrwuge due 4p Gavi trying to pull it towards the Earth's surface © Vertical velocity (velocity in the y-direction) is zero when the projectile has reached its 245 ight Note lun ve FO: * Vertical velocity (velocity in the y-direction) is__qlecrec sin (getting smaller) and pointing Uf) as the object rises, is__ Beno for a moment when at_Moyinere weight and _jucreceye (gets larger) and pointing _inwa— as the object then begins to fall, © Acceleaeton inthe y-directions is_ Cos} ant and equal to g [=-9.8 m/s?) 3, Vertical motion & horizontal motion are connected through the variable of time, aa Ay: Gustent value ee = Stays He Seow, aati + ove We ate chowges aan gevity. < ay?) ite ay ed ay > Qustunt my) tere +3. Projectile Motion in two dimensions can be determined by breaking the problem into two connected ‘one-dimensional problems 1. Split the projectile motion into a vertical motion problem and a horizontal motion problem. |. The vertical motion of a projectile is identical to that of an object dropped or thrown straight up/down. The projectile experiences a vertical acceleration equal to g (-9.8 m/s’) meaning the vertical component of the objects velocity changes during its flight. 3. The horizontal motion of a projectile is the same as solving a constant velocity problem, When air resistance is ignored, nothing is causing the object to speed up or slow down (a.k.a. accelerate) in the horizontal direction. The acceleration is equal to zero. 4. Vertical motion and horizontal motion are connected through the variable of time. The time from the launch of the projectile to the time it hits the target (or ground) is the same for both the vertical motion and horizontal motion, Therefore, solving for time in one of the dimensions (vertical or horizontal) automatically gives you time for the other dimension. 5. Ifyou don’t have the variable of time while doing calculations, chances are it’s a good idea to. find that first! Equations to use: Vey >Niy 4 ay tTYPE #1- THE OBJECT IS SHOT IN THE X-DIRECTION AND FALLS DURING ITS MOTION. [When launching horizontally (not at an angle] initial velocity in the y-direction equals zero vy = 0 m/s] B 7 — Porigontel verity Pp peeing Unchongest. ” fi = Neti vanity fh. dou yy gud imereccse>. Example 1: Bugs Bunny is being chased by Elmer Fudd on top of a 10 meter cliff. Bugs’s rabbit hole is some distance away from the bottom of the cliff. if he is running at 15 m/s find (a) the time to it takes Bugs to hit the ground, (b) how far away his rabbit hole is. «Draw a diagram Identify the known values Ay alee Vin = 1s m[s aye nak ae Ox =O Viy 2 Ayr? £22 is» DA 143 Ax = Gs)U) Follow up: If the height of the cliff was increased how would Bugs’ Would it need to get larger or smaller to land in the hole? Why? Taller cirfl > Mie Hive 1 He oir = peluity reels te deerease. fo nitial speed need to change? Fel Seve DK fe EA beate“5. Example 2: Cats are great pets, but they can be jerks sometimes. Your cat likes to sit on top of your 75 cm coffee table and slide objects onto the floor with their paw for “fun”. If the object leaves the table- top moving horizontally, and it lands 10 cm away from the base of the table, how fast was it going when it left the table? Gad te. 2) Find Vix Ayoyt tbat cote e ECE | ox | | OnS3 = aa LL £2 OB s aoe Sob Ug? Ay cette See sue uae gees OLS Example 3: Wile E. Coyote is on top of a cliff with a giant boulder, and see’s Road Runner below. Looking down over the edge Wile E. Coyote estimates it'll take 4.5 seconds for the boulder to reach the bottom. if he pushes the boulder horizontally at 2.5 m/s off the edge of the cliff, calculate the height of the cliff and how far from the edge of the cliff the boulder will land. ms 1) Find % 2) Fd ey yet L i : Ay Vat teat (Cn vine yee ete a i Ls» {see seer eeee 1 Ae Sts aTYPE #2 — AN OBJECT SHOT AT AN ANGLE WITH A LEVEL SURFACE. Lenainy Gb den dongle a bred vj inte oy amponents | Vx t Cousteat vy F Costes eb wel 4 Example 2: A golf ball is hit with 2 velocity of 45.0 m/s at an angle of 30°. Determine (a) the flight time of the ball, (b) the distance (range) the ball travels before landing, (c) the maximum height reached by the ball wee Leundriny Gt on Orme > beret Inte ee ceciate eas Hy Compomters. Vins Yow & Vig yj Sia fl 2 res (P) 2 4s sis) + 34.97 mb ST my pe aes HY Tie be a = Dea — an 2p ia © t 4H © yee vee ® ay } Reta is 2 eye De See ee [ des esa) - eae £2 Lads ae = Aye ( Oe a } go mee bart tases tse \ rei vase ie om YAY Mage a Lay OY (eet Se oO: wake WH Dy “By Ee Bn | [cue f7 Example 2: A football is kicked to start the game, If the ball is in the air for 4.5 seconds before landing traveled a horizontal distance of 55 meters, and achieved a maximum height of 25 meters find the initial velocity of the football as it left the tee. Fiud Vig ond Nay R celenlok inital velwity Cruqwihide oret rut~) Nye Vit & vay 2 . e oe ( Bt Vie (waft + et) 6 > tom! Ce 2 US3 wil 6 = ete | 0 oF Mg boget Os vy + eu) OD) Example 3; It’s the middle of summer and you and some friends decide to cool off, so you grab your handy-dandy water balloon slingshot. If you can launch a water balloon and it achieves a maximum. height of 20 meters, and travels a horizontal distance of 30 meters, find (a) the flight time of the balloon and (b) the initial velocity of the balloon. t soneat aaa {—— 1 ——t let 40 pe ees A Who vag Faye Vip> OF Tec * Mares f Nig + toy OF Oc mae Rt Os ty + UN) Ox ae + LAME 2 : v var VEL Vea vee ne Mt BAL ev” Stk eae Aeaee ied ey “ Vie (aay + Usary Ort (SE) wT ls By sw Vey UE aly-8- TYPE #3 -PROJECTILE MOTION AT AN ANGLE WITH A CHANGE IN LAUNCHING/LANDING HEIGHT. spe - Shu Nesuaeling at on oma $0 er " fed fo wvede vi ich x/y bo’ canapouents “Yel ae Example 1: Sylvester the Cat is always trying to catch Tweety Bird. If Sylvester is crouched at the top of cliff ready to pounce because he sees Tweety Bird at the bottom. Use the following information to determine the maximum height Sylvester reaches above the ground and if Sylvester will finally catch Tweety Bird Sylvester jumps off the cliff going 10 m/s at an angle of 30 degrees to the horizontal It'll take Sylvester 1.65 seconds to reach the ground + The clffis 5 meters tall ‘© Tweety Bird is at rest on the ground 15 meters away from the base of the cliff Sylverne lord on He ground? Viney; oe 2 tO os 30 Bub ob Vay 2 ¥psta@ » 18 so ws 2S mb ox i a rit 4 LOY Dy View Oo Oat man bent uy = oe ae fin os ste Uae) Oy ce De ioe | Sylvar desett Cap \ as aun \ prerees a oe ee | Say Era,Example 2: A baseball is hit with a velocity of 45.0 m/s at an angle of 30°, Determine if the hit isa homerun. The fence is 2.5 meters high and is located 180 meters from the batter. Ned be lemsa bau lant above oe an foe Gaued He Wal tv afte Bb a Tes te | ronling, ome Weeden 1) Hus borg, dow te dete ee rewe| 2) tiber's Ay ahh Iho ue Moritoutatty? Find Hee. dans? Vig = 4S co 80 = 3h47 fs Viy = Visieto = fea tee 25 mls z deve + bye Dy 2 Ws) + EEA) wy Y Aye o64n ‘2 + tors Scent End of Chapter Problems Ard The Sell its He A Gpound. clone traveling (Om ~ 1) A cannon is fired horizontally from a 100.0 m cliff. Determine the time is takes the cannon ball to reach the bottom. ees Aye + EG! r | wwe EH E o| | Aca eseeceeceeeee Ifthe cannonball has a muzzle velocity of 75 m/s what is the maximum range the ball will travel? Assume no roll after impact. Vig 2 38 os be Age? ke a be 4St3 ~ 7 ac. OF \Ax 2 Bete —= eel-10- 2) Assume a baseball is thrown with a velocity of 45 m/s and an angle of 35°, Find the x and y velocity vectors Vip vjose: arent Pie up | 59. d Vise e 2 4S sin to 125 Emly | Find the maximum time in the air if the ball is thrown from 1.5 m above the ground. 7 Aye ye + bay (Quek Gen) Fra ‘ 626.333 rus ssa + kCaHE ul | J oo Oe be eamaik t CHE Find the maximum height of the ball. 3) If a boy throws a baseball 32 m/s horizontally from 1.00 meter above the ground how long will it take the ball to reach the ground? How far away from the boy will It land?