Scribd
Upload
33 views

Forces and Their Effects

Forces can make objects move, change speed or direction, accelerate or decelerate, change shape, or remain at rest. A force is measured in Newtons and can be exerted through contact (e.g. impact, tension) or non-contact (e.g. magnetic, electrostatic, gravitational) means. Newton's Second Law states that force equals mass times acceleration, and the greater the force or mass, the greater the acceleration.

Uploaded by

Jelinda Fortich
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views

Forces and Their Effects

Forces can make objects move, change speed or direction, accelerate or decelerate, change shape, or remain at rest. A force is measured in Newtons and can be exerted through contact (e.g. impact, tension) or non-contact (e.g. magnetic, electrostatic, gravitational) means. Newton's Second Law states that force equals mass times acceleration, and the greater the force or mass, the greater the acceleration.

Uploaded by

Jelinda Fortich
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Forces and Their Effects

Physics Checkpoint @ferrytanoto


You cannot see a
force but you
can see what it
does. You can
also feel the
effect of a force
on your body.
A force is
a push or a pull
What can a force do?
A force can
make an object move.
A force can make
a moving object stop.
A force can
change the speed
of a moving object.

A force can accelerate an object. The larger the force on


the object, the greater the acceleration if the mass stays
constant. The larger the mass of the object, the smaller
the acceleration if the force stays constant.

Newton’s Second Law of Motion:


Force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s2)
A force can
change the
direction
of a moving
object.
A force can
change the
shape
of an object.
How to measure a force?
A force can be measured with
a Newton spring balance.
The SI unit for measuring force is
the Newton (symbol N).
There are two main types of forces:
contact forces
and
non-contact forces.
A contact force
occurs when the object or material
exerting the force touches the
object or material on which the
force acts.
A non-contact force
occurs when the objects or
materials do not touch each other.
Contact Forces
• Impact force
When a moving object collides with a stationary
object an impact force is exerted by one object
on the other.
• Strain force
When some materials are squashed, stretched,
twisted or bent they exert a force which act in the
opposite direction to the force acting on them.
These materials are called elastic materials and
the force they exert when they are deformed is
called a strain force.
Impact force

When a moving object collides with


a stationary object an impact force
is exerted by one object on the other.
Strain force
When some materials are squashed, stretched,
twisted or bent they exert a force which act
in the opposite direction to the force acting
on them. These materials are called elastic
materials and the force they exert when
they are deformed is called a strain force.
When the force applied to the material is
removed the strain force exerted by the
material restore the deformed material to its
original shape.
Tension
Tension is a strain force that is exerted by a
stretched spring, rope or string. At each end
the tension force acts in the opposite
direction to the pulling force.
Non-contact Forces
They all exert their force without having to
touch the object

• Magnetic forces
• Electrostatic forces
• Gravitational forces
Magnetic Force
A magnet has a north-seeking
pole and a south-seeking
pole, known as north pole
and south pole. If you pick up
two magnets and bring them
together, you will feel a force
either pushing or pulling each
other. The same poles
attract each other
while different poles
repel each other.
Magnetic Force
A magnet can also exert a non-contact force on
objects made of iron, steel, cobalt or
nickel. Either pole of the magnet exerts a
pulling force on these magnetic materials.
The strength of the force increases as the
magnet and the magnetic material are
brought closer together.
Maglev (Magnetic Levitation) Train
Maglev (Magnetic Levitation) Train
Electrostatic Force
If certain electrical insulator materials are
rubbed an electrostatic charges (positive
charge and negative charge) develop on them.
Similar charges repel each other
while opposite charges attract each
other.
Gravitational Force
•F is the force between the masses,

•G is the gravitational constant (which is


approximately equal to 6.674×10−11 N m2
kg−2)

•m1 is the first mass,


•m2 is the second mass, and
•r is the distance between the masses.
The force that exists between any two masses because
of their mass is called the gravitational force.
Gravitational Force
The gravitational force between the Sun and all
the planets in the Solar System holds the
planets in their orbits

The gravitational force between an object on the


Earth and the Earth itself pulls the object
down towards the centre of the Earth and is
called the weight of the object.
Robert Hooke
The extension of a spring is proportional to the mass
attached to it.
F = kx
F = applied force (N), x = extension (m),
k = force constant for object under test (N/m)

However, the addition of mass to a spring beyond a limit,


called the elastic limit, it no longer extends
proportionally to the mass anymore. It is permanently
deformed.

The spring beyond its elastic limit was in a state known as


plastic deformation.
A Spring Balance
This instrument uses Robert
Hooke’s discovery. The scale
on the balance is calibrated in
newton so it is sometimes 5N
called a Newton Spring
Balance or a
newtonmeter.

5N

You might also like