What

Need
KNOW I
to
This module contains two (2) lessons, namely:

LESSON 1: KNOWING ONESELF

LESSON 2: DEVELOPING THE WHOLE PERSON

At the end of this modules, students are expected to:

● explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths and
limitations and dealing with others better; EsP-PD11/12KO-Ia-1.1
● share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experience; EsP-
PD11/12KO-Ia-1.2
● evaluate his/her own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; and EsP-
PD11/12DWP-Ib-2.2
● show the connections between thoughts, feelings, and behavior in actual life
situations. EsP-PD11/12DWP-Ic-2.3

GENERAL INSTRUCTION: Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper(s).

Do I know Who am I
ACTIVITY I FAST AND ACCURATE JUNG PERSONALITY TEST
The Jung personality test measures your preferences for dealing with and
relating to people, processing information, making decisions and organizing your life. Its
results give you a good overview of your personality and behavior.
The Jung typology is the result of the work of Carl Gustav Jung, an eminent
Swiss psycInstructions:
The Jung Personality test is made up of 15 statement with choices, read it carefully a
s
sthare them with others.
hiatrist who originated Jungian Psychology. This is one of the world's most
established and well respected models on personality and behavior. Tests using the
Jung typology model are widely used by organizations for assessment centers, team
building, coaching and personal development.

1. Would you prefer to read 6. When deciding wether or not to purchase

___ a fictional story or poem something, is determining factor more often
___ a newory ___ how much you really need it
2. Do you find it more natural to remember ___ how much you really like it
___ numbers and figures 7. In terms of promptness, are you usually
___ faces and names ___ early ___ on time
3. Do you more often tend to ___ late ___it depends
___ think through what you will say 8. Are you more prone to
before speaking ___ Speak without thinking and put
___ talk off the top of your head your foot in your mouth
4. Do you think that you tend to take things ___ miss an opportunity and later
personally? think “I should have said…”
___ Yes 9. Do you more frequently
___ No ___ act spontaneously
5. If you’re feeling stressed out, do you ___ act deliberately, with a goal or
prefer to plan in mind
___ Spend time alone
___ blow off steam with friends

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10. If a decision is made which affects you, ___ you are appreciated
such as being made redundant, is it more ___ you have been treated fairly
important to you to know that

11. Do areas where you work tend to appear

___ organized ___ disorganized
12. Would you typically
___ rather do something than think about doing it.
___ enjoy about something almost as much or more than actually doing it
13. When communicating with others, are you more often
___ frank and direct or no prompting
___ frank and direct when prompted, or when necessary
14. Does it describe you better to say that you
___ don’t like surprises
___ enjoy the excitement and spontaneously of surprises
15. Do you get more satisfaction from thinking about
___ your plans
___ your achievements

ACTIVITY II SETTING AN OPEN MIND. Search for something at your home, in your
bag or in your closets that has meaningful attachment to yourself. Draw it inside the box
and write an explanation why it is important to you. Think of your strengths and points of
improvement as a person. List them down.
Why is it meaningful or important to you?

_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________

LESSON 1: KNOWING ONESELF

Defining the concept of the self
Self is the union of elements, namely: body, thoughts, feelings or emotions, and
sensations that constitutes individuality and identity of a person. The body constitutes
your physical attributes, your health, and your posture and poise. Your thoughts, the
way you think, and how you perceive things around you affect how you feel about them
and bring about sensations. These emotions and sensations that you experience
prompt you to act and behave the way you do. The union of these elements makes up
your character or personality and essentially distinguishes you from others.
If you were asked to describe yourself, you may probably talk about your physical
characteristics, your interests, your hobbies, your skills or abilities, or even your beliefs.
Physical attributes such as height and skin complexion, as well as psychological
characteristics such as temperament, may be inherited from your parents; some
attributes and traits however, may be brought about by environmental factors. Some of
your traits may be similar to your other siblings or to some of your peers, but no two
individuals are exactly alike even twins.

Defining the concept of Personality Development

Personality it came from the Latin word “persona”, which means “mask.” It is
what people project which includes the inner areas of psychological experience which
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we collectively call as our “self.” It provides readiness as to how the individual confront
different types of people who always plays a significant roles in their lives. They wear a
different mask when at home, in front of their peers, and even in the workplace.
Personality is the combination of the physiological, moral and spiritual, psychological
and emotional, intellectual facets of one’s individuality.
Development entails progression either quantitatively or qualitatively. The same
is true with regards one’s persona. It is a great motivation to aim improve every single
day. As an initial step to aiming for self-development or self-improvement, one must be
able to identify means on how to get to know himself first.
Remember that it is in understanding yourself that you become more capable of
actualizing your potentials to the fullest. When you understand yourself, you do not only
come to appreciate and value who you are; understanding yourself also helps you to
respect others and relate with them more meaningfully. When you know yourself more,
you are empowered to cope well with the demands in school, at home, and of your
relationships with others.

Who I am?
Before informing others of who you are, it is always important to
get to know oneself first. Yes, it may be easy for some to let others
know of the basic information about themselves such as those
demographics stated above. However, there are more to that in an
individual. Deeper than demographics, there are interests, hobbies, life
prospectives, political views, religious beliefs, opinion on different
issues, and more. These complete the sense of a person.
Every person’s subscription to a set of perspective may be considered unique. It
is essential for an individual to know oneself so as to be more comfortable in one’s
decision and actions. Life experiences and influences of other people are to be
considered throughout this chapter as well. These are just some aspects of an
individual which may be understood using different perspective in psychology.

Psychology as a Way of Understanding the Self

Psychology has been defined as a study of human behavior. People observing
other people, identifying similarities and differences among their observations, and
creating theories on those ideas about the individuals. There are different styles in
understanding the human behavior. Some people would prefer to explain it through
biological factors. They say that the way we are is caused by genetic factors. Most of
the time, People will associate a child’s behavior to a similar behavior of a parent.
There are also psychological predispositions that may be attributes to this. One might
want to think about their personality traits, defense mechanisms, coping mechanisms,
character strength, and qualities for improvement.
Aside from these, the environment also plays a vital role in one’s personal
development. The environment maybe understood as the social factors that contribute
to the development of self including family, friends, and colleagues.

Biopsychosocial Perspective
The interaction of biological, psychological, and social aspects of developmental
psychology form the essence of the holistic biopsychosocial perspective. The
biopsychosocial perspective attributes complex phenomena or events to multiple
causes. Figure shows the interrelationship of the fields of study that constitute the
biopsychosocial perspective. In contrast to the biopsychosocial perspective is
the reductionistic perspective, which reduces complex phenomenon or events to a
single cause.
Biological Perspective

Social Perspective Psychological Perspective

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 The biopsychosocial model of development psychology may be applied to the
case of John, a depressed adolescent male, who finds it difficult to socialize with his
peers. John’s problem may be the result of any one of a number of causes. For
example, injunctions, or messages received during childhood, may be considered one
possible cause of John’s depression. Injunctions may include messages regarding
worthlessness and shame, distorted perceptions, fears of rejection, and inadequate
communication and social skills. John’s Overly critical parents raised him to believe that
he would never amount to anything or have any friends. As John experiences distress
over his negative injunctions about relationships (psychological), he “tries too hard” to
make others like him, which causes his peers to distance themselves from him (social).
In time, John may experience rejection and become more depressed (psychological).
Berating himself (psychological), John may become less concerned with his outward
appearance and hygiene (biological), which in turn may cause his peers to avoid further
contact with him (social).
For obvious reasons, developmental psychologists are cognizant of these types
of interacting biological, psychological, and social components when considering life‐
span events and issues. In a case such as John's, a developmentalist may choose to
conceptualize and treat his problem from all three perspectives, rather than focusing
on one. Because of the developmentalist's method of exploring all three perspectives,
John benefits from a holistic and comprehensive approach to his difficulties.

Negative Influence
A good example is the movie Mean Girls. The protagonist allowed herself to be
easily influenced by her peers. This may stem from the desire to fit in and be accepted.
This has cause her conflicts with the people around her with whom she previously
shared positive relationships.

How about you, do you get easily swayed by

your friends?

Positive Influence
On the other hand, to illustrate a more positive peer influence, let me tell you a
story of a college student. Student A is a free loader and she does not care whether
she graduates on time or not. What is important to her is that she goes to school every
day, attend classes, and most especially receive her weekly allowance. This student
lost her drive to do well in school when she had a major fight her high school best
friend because of choosing to receive college education in a foreign land. She felt that
she was left behind when the reason as explain, as explained to her, was her parents’
investment abroad. In high school, she was always part of the Top 10% in exams. She
was also accepted in a prestigious university and was enrolled in a quota course. All
her classmates are very industrious. Despite her initial lack of motivation to study well
because of her relational issue, she was driven to go back to her old ways as she was
influenced by her classmates. The block would usually head to the library right after
lunch break and would even talk via social media about the progress of their
assignments. It was indeed a highly competitive class and the set up worked for her in
a way that it even made her a better student.
This shows that adapting the social group’s norms and lifestyle can have a
positive and negative effects. Bear in mind that people are different and not all
influences of peers would be beneficial for you. Sometimes, their practices and lifestyle
may not be in line with your set of beliefs. That is okay as long as you are able to
deliverate and filter which ones you would want to adapt.
Choosing Peers Wisely

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 Since it has been expressed that social interactions play a vital role in the sense
of self, one must be able to decide wisely whom to hang out with. It is always wise to
reflect back to your ideas of who you are and think of whether you will jive with the
other.
Adolescene as s Phase of Socialization and Exploration
Most individuals who are of this age enjoy spending time with the peers and
doing things that they commonly like. This is also why stereotypes are typically formed
in high school and college. Cheerleaders hang out with fellow cheer leaders. Debaters
have lunch with other debaters, and so on.
Identifying your Strengths and Weaknesses
Being aware of how you look, think, feel and act helps you to know more about
yourself. You gather more information about yourself when you identify your strengths
and weaknesses. In knowing your strengths, you are more empowered to do
developmental tasks. These tasks include your capacity to establish more mature
relationships with others, emotional independence, and your ability to demonstrate
responsible behaviors. Also, in becoming more aware of your strengths, you are
equipped with skills essential in making wise decisions in life; you are able to analyze
complex situations logically and sensibly. Finally, when you know your capabilities, you
can be more confident in doing your tasks and become more competent in achieving
your goals.
On the other hand, determining your weaknesses gives you the opportunity to
know your limitations or boundaries. In doing so, you can identify situations where you
have to say no. For example, one of your weaknesses is being impatient; thus, you find
it very difficult to conduct a research study. But, research work is part of your
requirements in school. So what do you now? Are you simply going to rely on your
group mates to meet the requirement? Or are you going to work and do the research
but in a sloppy and hurried manner? You may simply say “This is what I can only do,
and having a grade of 75 is just fine by me.” Many adolescents are caught in this
predicament.
Yes, perharps you know and you can actually identify your weaknesses but the
next question is, what do you do about these limitations? Becoming more aware of
your weaknesses is not the end goal of self-development; rather, it is its starting point.
You must find ways to enhance your capabilities. You must develop your knowledge
and skills through better study habits, and develop positive attitudes in dealing with
life’s challenges.

ACTIVITY III Know Yourself Better. In 3-5 sentences, answer the following questions.
You can relate your thoughts, feelings or experiences. (3 points each).
1. In your own understanding, what is Personality Development?
2. Relate the concept of Biopsychosocial Perspective from your own experiences.
3. How do you describe your peers and in what way they influence you?
4. Explain the quotation below.
“Show me who your friends are, and I will tell you what you are.”
- Unknown

ACTIVITY IV. Comprehend the following statement. Write the word YES if the
statement is correct and NO if not.

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______ 1. Knowing yourself first is important before telling to other person of who you
are.
______ 2. Understanding yourself is important because it will help you to understand
other person and to give respect to them.
______ 3. Biological perspective can stand alone and does not need to constitute with
social and psychological perspective.
______ 4. Knowing your strength and weaknesses will help you to empower yourself to
do more task.
______ 5. Your environment maybe understood as the social factors may contribute to
the development of yourself including family, friends, and colleagues.

What I think is ….. What I feel is …. RESPONSE

ACTIVITY V SETTING AND OPEN MIND. On a bond paper, create three columns.
Imagine yourself sitting on your desk, waiting for your test paper to be returned to you.
You have no idea what your score is until now. On the first column, write what you are
thinking of. On the second, write how you are feeling. On the third, enumerate the
actions that served as your response.

LESSON 2: DEVELOPING THE WHOLE PERSON

There are several aspects that add up to complete our personhood. These are
the physiological, cognitive, psychological, spiritual, and social facets. All of these are
equally important towards the holistic development of an individual.

Physiological Factors
These factors are biological. Terminologies that are usually associated with this
are neurological response, psychociological measure (i.e., electroencephalogram –
EEG, electro dermal activity – EDA heart rate variability- HVR). These are something
that are automatic and unconscious such as the heartbeat, production of saliva, and
reflexes. Try to read the book entitled looking for Spinoza written by Antonio Damasio. It
was explained there how hunger is a biological need which calls for a conscious effort to
satisfy the demand through feeding.

Cognitive Facets
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 These includes one’s worldviews encompassing perspectives and thought
content, memory, encoding of information, keeping information in mind, and retrieving
information to be expressed verbally through writing. This is under the psychological
aspects.
Recall an instance when you were telling a story then you
forgot the name of one of the important characters. There are
some information that are easily accessible. Some are not.
Have you experienced this? How?

Psychological Aspects
These include coping mechanism, defense mechanism, personality as defined
through traits, mannerisms, habit, and character strengths. These may be identified
through observations, and psychological assessment. Assessment include a semi
structured interview usually conducted by a practitioner (psychologist, counselor), as
well as standardized and projective tests. Standardized test are those which require you
to shade your choice of answer or identify which the best available option is. Finding the
scores for these test is relatively easy as there are answer sheets available. There are
also norms established for reference. The other type, projective test, highlights
ambiguity in a such way that is allows the test takers to make up stories, draw from
scratch, or to complete several statements without having any option. To administer this
type of test, the administrator must have completed rigorous training as responses may
be interpreted in lots of ways. This requirement just saves the assessment from wrong
interpretations.
Spiritual Domain
It refers to one’s faith. Nowadays, several universities are promoting and
implementing interfaith dialogues with encourage people of different religious
perspective to gather and talk about their similiraties and differences openly. Being fully
aware of our religious belief and the perspective of others allows us to be more
engaged in such activites. These events make an open minded person become firmer
about his yet respectful towards other perspectives.

Social Aspect
Lastly, the social facet includes social relationship and interactions. Usual words
associated to it are family, friends, and social support. The larger scope which focuses
on human interaction considering individuals’ similarities and differences. This also
includes the societal divide may be attributed to variations in terms of demographics
(sex, age), societal roles (father, mother, sister, brother, friend, colleague), and
perspectives (religious, political).

State of Our Minds

Our mid is at constant activation. The level of how active it is just matters
depending on one’s state. Some may think that we are just actively thinking when we
are taking exams, and not as much as when we are sleeping. It may be difficult to put a
certain claim to it as it needs more measures of the brain activity.

Thought-Feeling Behavior
It is always beneficial to reflect on one’s thoughts, actions and behaviors. It would
be nice to begin identifying one’s various roles in life and think about the how the
observable actions are caused by various cognitions (thoughts) and emotion (feelings)
Situational:
During my practicum when I asked ti facilitate psychotheraphy to an adolescent, I
have decided to employ cognitive behavioral theraphy. Even before talking about the
traumatic event that has caused her social withdrawal, I made her reflect on herself
first. First, I encouraged her to think of her roles as a person: daughter, sister, neighbor,
etc. In general, she was told to think of a general perspective for each role. What does
she think of each? Next, she was asked to reflect on her usual feelings towards the
roles she portray. Lastly, she was asked to describe her behaviors towards people she
dealt with considering the mentioned roles.
Think of your roles at present. Are these being
fulfilled well?
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Cognition
This refers to thoughts and beliefs systems. These are benchmarks for
perspective-taking (a.k.a. wearing the shoe or the hat of another) as well as decision
making.

Emotional /Psychological
Damasio (2003) explains the difference between feelings and emotions. Feeling
are internal white emotions are expressions. To make it clearer, one who feels happy
may have expressed it through social expressions such as smiling to others.

Behavior
This pertains to the actions that served as one’s response. Some behaviors are
more stable and repetitive across situations while some are seen novel especially when
a whole different environment is perceived.
Now, consider yourself being asked to do the same as the case presented
above. What are your roles? How are you feeling about these? What are your typical
behaviors when fulfilling these roles?

What makes you happy? What do you usually do

when you’re happy?

You may not be thinking why clinical practices are being suggested to be applied
to students likes you. The answers is because although stigma creates a divide
between clinical and non-clinical individuals, the two groups of individuals share a lot of
things in common. There is this notion that people are predisposed to experience
psychological distress. This simply implies that there are baseline facets that are
common among individuals.

Perspective-Taking
You could have experienced several moments when you had to “put your foot in
the shoe of another”. This forces someone to have shift regardless of whether it is within
his comfort zone or not. One example of a situation in which perspective taking usually
takes place is when one evaluates whether a transgressor is worthy of forgiveness or
not. Perspective taking is a cognitive activity since it makes the person to absorb the
perceived cognition of the other.

Holistic Development in the Context of the Academe

Most academic communities air for the holistic development of the members:
may it be students, administrators, faculty and staff. It would be beneficial if the
universities would be sensitive enough towards the psychological needs of the
members of the community. How could this be done? Perhaps having some baseline
information about the demographics of cases of psychological distress manifested in
school. This might pave way to the development of interventions which students may
also avail of.

Importance of Self-evaluation
This section discusses the significance of looking into the three key concepts in
this chapter and associating them into forming a helpful intervention towards
understanding oneself and others.

Respecting the Self

The mere act of recognizing how one is feeling is courageous and effortful thing
to do. Not all people would take time out of their busy schedule and make the effort to
slice and mince everything into its components. It just goes to show that a person who
undergoes this type of rigorous evaluation is truly interested to learn more about
himself. This may not be an easy task but one’s willingness to experience this rigorous

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task is laying things out for further discussion may be an indicator for self-care and
respect for one’s needs for development.

ACTIVITY VI. In three (3) sentences, answer the following questions. (3 points each)

1. What makes it important to evaluate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors?

2. Why is it essential to set some time to make these things conscious?
;;;;;;;;;;;;
4. How important are your beliefs considering a world with people of different
perspectives?

ACTIVITY VII-A. Differentiate how the positive and negative influence of peers affect
the personality of a person. Cite at least one (1) example in each influence, you can
relate it to your own experiences. (5 points each)

Positive Influence Negative Influence

VII-B. Below are the perspectives taking scenarios that will help you to understand what
other may feel or how they are thinking on a particular situation. Imagine that you are on
their shoes, write down the actions that you will do or how you are feeling in that
situation. (5 points each)

1. You got home really late because you stopped from your best friend’s house.
You were having fun with him and you forgot that it was already 9:00 o’clock in the
evening. When you got home, you saw your mother in front of your door holding her
phone and waiting for you to call. She was very angry, worried and you can see it all
over her face. Why do you think a mother will feel it? What will you do? If you become a
parent like her do you think you will feel the same way towards your child?
2. Cristy is being bullied by one of your classmate because she got many wrong
on pronunciation in your English class. What do you think she will feel? What will you do
if someone did the same thing to you? Would you mind helping Cristy getting over from
your bully classmate?
3. Your Father was a janitor at your school and earn a little amount of money
every month just to support you and your sister’s education. One day, you saw your
sister and her friends passing by your father. Your father was very happy to great her
and she saw it but being ignore. What will you do? What do you think your father will
feel? Would you mind to have a talk with your sister?

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ACTIVITY VIII. In a long bond paper, create your own five (5) days reminder board that
shows your strength and weaknesses. Make it more creative than the usual. (4 points
each in total of 20 points)
Example: (The person who created the reminder board tells that her weakness
is being impatient when she runs beyond the deadline, she added a quotation to
motivate herself in accomplishing her task.)

REMINDER
BOARD
1/6/21 (Wednesday)
Tomorrow is the deadline of our
school project but I get impatient
when projects run beyond the
deadline and I don’t what to do
first. I am hoping for me to
become productive and strong to
accomplish my task.

ACTIVITY IX-A. Read the statement carefully. Choose the correct answer inside the
box and write it on the space provided before each number.

PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS

PERSONA COGNITION

PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS SOCIAL ASPECTS

BEHAVIOR DEVELOPMENT

SPIRITUAL DOMAIN DAMASIO

PERSONALITY

____________ 1. It is usually associated with neurological response and

psychophysiological measures.
____________ 2. It includes coping, mechanisms defense mechanisms, defense
mechanism, personality as define through traits, mannerisms, habits and character
strengths.
____________ 3. It is defined as a study of human behavior.
____________ 4. It includes social relationships and interactions.
____________ 5. It refers to thinking or thoughts as well as belief system.
____________ 6. He explains that “feelings are internal while emotion are expressions”
____________ 7. Being fully aware of religious belief and perspectives of other make
an open minded person become firm about his beliefs yet respectful when he is more
engage in different religious activities.
____________ 8. It is more repetitive or stable across situations while some are seen
novel especially when a whole different environment is perceived.
____________ 9. It entails progression either quantitatively or qualitatively. The same is
true with regards one’s persona.
____________ 10. It means “mask”, it is what people project which includes the inner
areas of psychological experience which we collectively call as our “self”.

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IX-B. Reflect on the following situation. Write down the action that you will do when you
counter it. (3 points each)
1. Your friends tell you to study harder so you can get a better grades it is because they
tell you that it’s cool to get a good grade on a test.

2. Your teen skips school and they encourage you to join with them going to a computer
shop to have some fun playing online games.

3. On Wednesday, your family will go to vacation trip for 3 days, you don’t want to go
with them because you will be having a dinner date with your circle of friends for the first
time on that day but your mother insist and force you to go with them.

ACTIVITY X. List down ten (10) emotions and share situations/experiences when you
feel those emotions. (2 points each total of 20 points)

Example: HAPPINESS – I feel happy whenever someone appreciate me the

most and make me feel loved just like my family and friends.

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