Computer Fundamentals

Topic : Introduction To computers

Faculty : Khandaker Mohammad Mohi Uddin

Assistant Professor,
Dept. of CSE
Southeast University
E mail:
 CONTENTS
• Overview
• Computer Basic
• Components of Computer System
• Importance and Limitations of Computer
• History Of Computers
• Generation Of Computers
• Characteristics of Computers
• Classification Computer
 Computer Basics
Definition:
➢ Computer is an electronic machine that stores, retrieves and
process data.
➢ Computer.. Latin word.. Compute
➢ Calculation Machine
➢ A computer system includes a computer, peripheral
devices, and software.
➢ It can’t think , it can only carry out instructions given
to it.
➢ A set of instructions that directs its actions is called
program.
 Computer Basics
The instructions generally direct the computer to perform three basic
functions. These are:
1. Accepts input.
2. Processes data
3. Produces output

• Input refers to whatever is sent to a Computer system

• Processing is the way that a computer manipulates data
❑ The control and storing of data, numerical comparisons and
arithmetic operations are performed on the input data to produce
the results.
❑ A computer processes data in a device called the central
processing unit (CPU)
 Computer Basics
• Output is the result produced by the computer
❑ An output device displays, prints or transmits the results of
processing
Computer Basics
 Computer Basics

• Definition:

• Introduction To Computer Software

• Operating system
• Problem solving Techniques
• Computer Prog ramming languages
• Computer Threats
Components of a Computer System
Computer is used to process data and a data processing system
consists of more than just a machine.
A computer system contains :
❑ Hardware
❑ Software
❑ Humanware
❑ Operational procedures
 Components of a Computer System
Hardware
➢ Physical devices of computer system
➢ The hardware are the parts of computer itself including the
Central Processing Unit (CPU) and related microchips and
micro-circuitry, etc...).
➢ Other extra parts called peripheral components or devices
include mouse, printers, modems, scanners, digital cameras
and cards (sound, colour, video), keyboards, monitors, and
drives (floppy, hard, CD, DVD, optical, tape etc...
➢ Together they are often referred to as a personal computers or
PCs.
 Components of a Computer System
Software
➢ Basically a software is a set of instructions or programs.
➢ Simply software, is a collection of data or computer instructions
that tell the computer how to work.
➢ A program is a sequence of instructions, which directs a
computer to perform certain functions.
➢ Examples Software- Internet browser, Firefox, Google chrome,
Operating systems- android, iOS, Linux, macOS, windows.
Photo graphics program- Adobe photo shop.
➢ S/W generally categorized as :
I. System Software
II. Application Software
Components of a Computer System
1. Systems software

➢ System software consists of programs that help the use of a

computer.
➢ includes the programs that are dedicated to managing the
computer itself, such as the operating system, file management
utilities, and disk operating system (or DOS).

➢ System software coordinates the activities and functions of

hardware and software, and it controls the operations of
computer hardware.
➢ Example : Open Source s/w and Paid s/w.
Components of a Computer System
2. Application Software

➢ Application software includes programs to perform user

applications.
➢ A software which is developed to help the user to perform
specific tasks is called application software.
➢ An application is any program, or group of programs, that is
designed for the end user.
➢ Example : Word processing ,Spreadsheet Software, Desktop
Publishing Software, Database Software, Communication
Software, Presentation Software, Internet Browsers, Email
Programs.
Components of a Computer System
Humanware
➢ Humanware refers to the persons who design , program and
operate a computer.
➢ Specifically, it is about the individual that makes hardware and
software components productive.
➢ The three principle positions for a large computer installation
are : System Analyst, Programmer and Computer
Operator.

➢ A systems analyst is a person who uses analysis and design

techniques to solve business problems using information
technology.
➢ Computer systems analysts help companies or other
organizations use computer technology effectively and
efficiently.
Components of a Computer System
➢ A Computer programmers write and test the code that
allows computer applications and programs to function.
➢ A Programmer requires a comprehensive knowledge of
programming languages and standard coding procedures.

➢ A computer operator is a role in IT which oversees the

running of computer systems, ensuring that the machines, and
computers are running properly.
➢ Monitor and respond to operating and error messages.

Operational Procedures are prescriptive documents that

describe step-by-step processes involving several partners.
The purpose of a procedure is define the related workflow.
 Importance and Limitations of Computer
Computer has making human life faster because of its incredible
speed, Accuracy and storage, with which human can save anything
and search it out easily when needed. We can say computer a versatile
machine because it is very flexible in performing their jobs. but
Computers have several important advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of computer

Volume of data :
➢ The computer is suited to handling large volume of data.
Accuracy
➢ Accuracy is a term used to describe anything that is near its true value
or recognized standard.
➢ For example, a computer may perform an accurate math calculation
that is correct with the information given, but is not the exact value.
 Importance and Limitations of Computer
Repetitiveness :
➢ Repetition means repeating a sequence of instructions a certain
number of times, or until some specific result is achieved.
➢ In programming terms this means loops of all kinds, such as
repeat, for, while, until etc.
Multitasking
➢ Multitasking is one of the major advantage of computer.
➢ Person can perform multiple task, multiple operation, calculate
numerical problems within few seconds.
➢ Computer can perform trillion of instructions per second.
Speed
➢ Now computer is not just a calculating device. Now a day’s
computer has very important role in human life.
➢ One of the main advantages of computer is its incredible speed,
which helps human to complete their task in few seconds.
Importance and Limitations of Computer
Cost/ Stores huge amount of data
➢ It is a low cost solution.
➢ Person can save huge data within a low budget.
➢ Centralized database of storing information is the major
advantage that can reduce cost.
Data Security
➢ Protecting digital data is known as data security.
➢ Computer provide security from destructive forces and from
unwanted action from unauthorized users like cyber attack or
access attack.
 Importance and Limitations of Computer
Disadvantage of Computer
As we know advantage comes with disadvantage.
Virus and hacking attacks
➢ Virus is a worm and hacking is simply an unauthorized access over
computer for some illicit purpose.
➢ Virus is being transferred from email attachment, viewing an infected
website advertisement, through removable device like USB etc.
Online Cyber Crimes
➢ Online cyber-crime means computer and network may have used in
order to commit crime.
➢ Cyber talking and Identity theft are the points which comes under
online cyber-crimes.
Reduction in employment opportunity
➢ Mainly past generation was not used of the computer or they have the
knowledge of computer they faced a big problem when computer
came in field.
History Of Computers