Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA 2020)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20K58-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-4167-1

A Survey on Solar Powered Autonomous

Multipurpose Agricultural Robot
Prof.Shweta Madiwalar Dr.Sujata Patil
M.Tech Electronics and Communication Engineering Ph.D. Electronics and Communication Engineering
KLE Dr.M.S.Sheshagiri College of Engineering and KLE Dr.M.S.Sheshagiri College of Engineering and
Technology Technology
Belagavi, India Belagavi, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Sunita Meti, Nikhila Domanal, Kaveri ugare

B.E Electronics and Communication Engineering
KLE Dr.M.S.Sheshagiri College of Engineering and
Technology
Belagavi, India

Abstract—Agriculture is considered as one of the most important products. Lag in collecting, spreading and improper seedbed
economic activities in India. This paper deals with trade and preparation reduces the yield of the crop. Hence, the
development of low cost, low power and less human effort robot modernization of automation in the field of agriculture helps
in the agronomic applications. Agricultural automata are widely to overcome from the above challenges [6]. To beat these real
used at the collecting phase, tunneling, cultivating and seeding.
This robot is intended to reduce the farmer’s effort. The designed
time issues automatic robots were used .
Robotics techniques are efficient for achieving the tasks such as
automatic cultivating, seed providing, water sprinkling, The main goal of developing farming automation knowledge
insecticide spraying and Grassland wounding with the help of is to moderate the labor energy[7]. Automation and artificial
solar energy. Seeds are spread in 4 rackets at a single instant. intelligence accomplishments offers solutions in precision
Initially, the robot digs the complete field concurrently providing agriculture. The works related to scattering, collecting,
seeds adjacent by side and finishes the required actions in a unwanted plant control. to recover the efficiency. Robots were
robotic mode with embedded programs. For a labor-intensive designed based on the flexible automatic bending joints [8].
control, the robot uses the remote controller as android app. The applications of instrumental robotics taking the track over
the entire world to cover the additional areas with required
Keywords—robot. solar energy, picking, digging, cultivating, seed robotics, substituting human operators provides effective
dispensing, insecticide, scattering. results to the uncountable problems with higher competence
[9]. An advanced idea of our paper is to automate the
I.INTRODUCTION procedure of planting, cultivating, pesticide spraying and
tunneling to decrease the humanoid effort and increase the
In Indian economy farming plays significant role. The major harvest. The farming of seeds are robotically done by DC
challenges of skilled man power which helps to enhance the motor [10]. The distance among the two seeds is measured and
financial growth of the nation. In the present situation, the varied by using Microcontroller. It is also possible to nurture
environmental effects of agricultural production is much in different kinds of seeds with dissimilar distance. The proposed
importance. Hence the requirements in the field of agriculture idea contains sprayer, which would be used for reducing the
are growing constantly. Farming history antedates thousands wastage of fertilizers that is done by spraying appropriate
of centuries, and its growth was determined and well-defined amount of fertilizers required for the specific crop [11]. The
by very diverse climates, principles, and skills [2]. World mode of process can be changed with the help of instructions
health organization recognized that earth’s residents will touch existing in the robot application [12]. Any nonlinear
9 billion in 35 years which will lead to an astonishing demand relationship between input and outputs are controlled by this
in increase of growth of food crops [4]. Since the traditional system [13][14]. The further step is to develop more advanced
methods like spreading, scattering are carried by the people, GPS system that increases the accuracy [15]. By using
which results in low production in the field of Agriculture. On rectangular based geometry the robot direction can be
the other aspects like inferior level of automation [5] controlled [16].
inadequate accessibility of power also disturb the efficiency of

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA 2020)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20K58-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-4167-1

II. APPLICATION OF SOLAR POWERED AUTONOMOUS decreases the yield of the field [3]. The grassland and
MULTIPURPOSE AGRICULTURAL ROBOT unwanted plants are detached with the assistance of support
edges attached to the wheels that is when wheels switches on
A.Cultivating the farm the unwanted plant are detached inevitably.
The main perception of cultivating is to turn over the
III. MAJOR CHALLENGES
advanced bed of the mud, transferring superior nutrient
contents to the exterior of the soil and making the nutritious 1. In Small villages the agriculturist will face the difficulty
soil for the purpose of farming, DC motor combined with a on lack of internet facilities, lack of power, lack of skilled
screw rod is used for cultivating the ground [6]. Cultivators manpower.
were initially human powered, but the process became 2. In the absence of solar energy, the solar powered
considerably more efficient once robots were pressed in to an agricultural robots were unable to work.
active mode. 3. Use of chemical batteries lead to more cost and harm
the environment due to the emission of chemical
B. Digging substances into the environment and decrease the yield.
Digging is actually the combination of two processes, the first
being the breaking or cutting the surface of the soil and the 4. Bluetooth wireless communication technology enables the
second the removal and redirection of the material found robots to achieve short range communication.
there.
5. The robot may go in wrong direction while it was
C. Picking performing a seed dispensing operation.
Picking is the act of taking away harvest from somewhere it
was growing and moving it to a protected site for processing,
nursing or packing. I. IV. LITERATURE
The keys to above itemized challenges and review is as
D. Seeding revealed in Table I
The automation decreases the agriculturalist labors with fast
speed by propagating 4 rackets at a time with line tracking  Solar energy is renewable source of energy. Hence solar
[14]. Firstly, the seeds are stored in the container then it will batteries are used to store extra solar power during
be spread across the field with appropriate delays as absence of solar energy and it is cost-effective.
mentioned in the corresponding program [4].  It can be connected with weather station to collect
environmental data (climatic changes).
E. Insecticide Spraying  Using the bluetooth module, robots were enabled to
In order to provide safety to the farmers from insecticide communicate over a longer distance.
infections and its side effects, robots will be replacing workers  GPS enabled system is used for a line and direction
for the farm activities. tracking. Directing competence is hard for external
mobile application, GPS direction discovery system is
F. Grass cutting and unwanted plant removal easy to be implemented [10].
Undesirable plant in the farm damages the main harvest and
performance as a barrier for development of the harvest then

TABLE I

LITERATURE
Sl. Names of the authors Abstract Restrictions of the Future scope in Year of
No. paper research publicat
ion
1. Ranjith, Nikitha M The proposed work has the intention There are some At a later time it 2019
N, ArunaK, to design and develop the solar possibilities or can be used for
power-driven agronomic automaton occurrence of ultrasonic sensors
Afreen,B T
with Bluetooth/android app which events of signal and cameras.
Venkatesh murti
can scatter the seeds, cut the loss.
grassland and spray the insecticides
2. MaheshwariR,Azath The proposed system makes it easier During a rainy Increase the 2019
H,SharmilaP,Sheeba to collect all appropriate facts about season there is no battery storing
the enhancement in fertilization of advantage of the capacity or a

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA 2020)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20K58-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-4167-1

Rani Gnanamalar S soil and farming by sending the solar panel. quantity of
information about the changes in the supplying the
environmental condition using IOT power to the
devices. system.
3. Gokul, R.Diksith, In this project the system is It only give the In future 2019
M.Gopinath, elaborated to remove unwanted opportunity for Bluetooth
S.AjithSundaresh planting the agricultural fields using short range wireless
a movement of the robot to do the communication technology has
required actions and it is controlled between the skill to have a
by using Bluetooth. device. simultaneous
handling between
both data and
voice
transmissions
4. Y Nikhil Kumar, M This system accomplishes the Inaccurate In time a head, 2019
Koteshwarrao, actions of functioning the digging sprinkling may industrial
Khushwant, Rahul and seed sowing using the not fulfill the application
raj, components such as dc shunt motor, tasks of the driller purpose is more
Promaanonyachakro Arduino, solar panel. The commands and the opposite useful.
barty, M are given to cultivating robot by force which acts
himakiran,Dr. Gopi using android applications. on the motor
Krishna saramekala which might
results in
crumbing of the
driller.
5. Mr. Shaik karee This system will determine the Arduino AT mega Communications, 2018
Mulla, Edwin behavior by GPS and magnetometer fails to achieve Energy
Prajwal, for cultivating, sowing, and the tasks in real ,Emergency
B.Sujeshkumar, flattening and information indication time. transportation and
Bonu Mahesh, to begin irrigation. This robot is used satellites
BalapanuriVamseed in the regions which are injurious to deployment to be
har Reddy humans. controlled by GPS
6. K DurgaSowjanya, The expected paper works towards at Bluetooth works It future it can be 2017
R Sindhu, M designing the agricultural robotic under a short expanded to hold
Parijatham, K vehicle which can be controlled range. something with
Srikant, P.Bhargav through bluetooth for cultivating, the help of UV
sowing and sprinkling systems. sensors along
with cameras.
7. Sourabhumarkar, This paper will finish off the It is estimated that It helps the farmer 2016
Anil Karwankar installation of the agribot including farmers find to lift up the crops
hardware and software facet. difficulty to buy efficiency and
the expensive also reduce the
robots. need for manual
labor to the
farmer.
8. Amrita, Sneha A, This sheet of paper deals with a Failed to Additional 2015
Abirami E, Ankita robot accomplishing the operations successfully bring activities like
A, R like seed distribution, fruit detaching out the accuracy yielding,
Praveena,RSrimeena and pesticide spraying automatically. of specific tasks. irrigation can be
performed by
using the single
multitasking
robot.

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA 2020)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20K58-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-4167-1

9. GuanjunBao, In this system the flexible pneumatic This instrumental Spirited 2015
Pengfei Yao, bending joint, agricultural fruit panel only picks characteristics and
ShiboCai, Shenshun picking end effecter was proposed. the fruits with structural stiffness
Ying, Qinghua Yang similar shapes. has to be achieved
better.
10. Samuel J.O.Corpe A importance of this device is to find Signal or battery We can increase 2013
and Liqiong Tang, local positioning of the robot using failure chances is the accuracy of
Phillip Abplanalp GPS system. there while the position of
utilizing the GPS sub-meter range
system. using a GPS
system.
11. JoergBaur, Julian The robots are capable to avoid the This system Over a greater 2012
Praff, Heinz Ulbrich, unnecessary barriers and it includes demands more expanse of space
Thomas Villgrattner the models such as dynamic and design various
kinematics are enforced for the requirements. algorithms can be
device. included.
12. AkhilaGollakota, This robot is having the freedom of 2011
M.B.Shrinivas governing itself and provides the
facility for excellent shifting of the
cultivating system when required. _ _

13. GuoquanJiang,Cuiju Using a Hough transform relevant It can be flexible In future hough 2010
n Zhao techniques for the strong to give misleading transform used in
acknowledgement of plant rows. It results when image analysis
automatically navigates a mobile objects happen to computer vision
robot following crop rows. be aligned by and digital image
chance processing.
14. Zhou Jianjun, Zhang The techniques like automatic Fuzzy logic is not In future it is used 2008
Man, Liu Gang, Li steering and line tracking are well précised so in concurrent
su conveyed in this paper. the results are application.
perceived based
on assumption.
15. BO Zhao, Zhong- In this paper a BP semantic An act of It is intended to 2007
Xiang zhu, en-Rong arrangement of things which can becoming fully derivatives
Mao, Zheng-He song convey any nonlinear relationship aware of quickly.
between input and output. This equipment is
system is applied to calibrate the dependent
vision system of an agricultural
wheeled-mobile robot.

system with motors, MSP430F5529IPN and solar power

V. PROPOSED VERSATILE CULTIVATED ROBOT supply. The controller used here is the “MSP430F5529IPN”.
The representation of the robotic end and control section is The MSP430F5529IPN(25 MHz MCU with integrated USB
shown in the fig.1. The robot end and the control section are phy,128KB Flash,8KB RAM,12Bit/14Channel
the two main sections of this system. The operations are ADC,32BITHW Multiplier 80 – LQFP – 40 to 85 ) and
carried by implementing algorithms on controller unit [11]. corresponding embedded programs will process the required
The robotic station possesses the seed distribution, seed sensible factors. Robotic mechanisms will be performed by
repository, fertilizer storage, fertilizer repository, robotic their internal motors with the appropriate motor drivers

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA 2020)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20K58-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-4167-1

PGA460TPWRQ1 (Automotive ultrasonic signal processor

and amplifier, Transducer driver 16-TSSOP-40 to 105) that
drive the motors in the particular required way. Here the one
will give the commands to the robot and will pass the signal.
According to the command received, the robot will move in
the direction and it will put down the seeds and fertilizer on
field for the specific distance. Then seeds are sowed in 4 rows
at a single instance
Fig. 2 System design at user end

Fig.3 Activity at Agribot

At the user end, when a person opens the application the

Bluetooth will be enabled and the connection will be
established. The user can select the preferred activity from the
list and the message will be sent to MSP430F5529IPN via
Fig. 1 Representation of Automated seed sowing, Grassland Bluetooth.
wounding, insecticide spraying robot using Bluetooth/Wi-
Fi/Android At the activity end of the agribot the MSP430F5529IPN will
activate the appropriate DRV10983QPWPRQ1 DC motor
This section is designed with the help of one higher rating (30W, 20v automotive 3-phase sensor less BLDC motor driver
DRV10983QPWPRQ1 Dc motor, the entire machine along with load dump support 24 – HTSSOP – 40 to 125) and the
with seed container is arranged to move in back and forth selected operation will be performed by a motor driver. When
directions. DRV10983QPWPRQ1 Dc Motor drive card the MSP430F5529IPN receives the stop signal, the activity
Designed with power MOSFETS. DRV10983QPWPRQ1 Dc will be stopped.
Motor 1 used to drive the vehicle that carries Sowing Machine
in back & forth directions. The distance between the two
plants in different directions like Horizontal & Vertical
directions are programmed with the help of keyboards. The VI. CONCLUSION
fig.1 shows the automatic seed sowing has the following The research paper is more concerned about the problems in
components.1) DRV10983QPWPRQ1 Dc motor used to drive the field of agriculture, and generates solution by designing
the Seed planting Machine in Horizontal direction. 2)12V and developing the multitasking autonomous agricultural
DRV10983QPWPRQ1DC Motor used to vibrate the Seeds robot. The accelerated growth in the industries is one of the
Container. For opening and closing the seed pipes, the influencing factors for the people to immigrate to the cities.
solenoid coils are used. 3)12V DRV10983QPWPRQ1 DC This leads to the shortage of agricultural labour as well as the
Motor used to let down the Seeds from the container. demand for wages will also increase. The basic amenities such
When implemented the robot will first dig the soil and pick the as food, clothes and other commodities are increasing
seed from the seed repository and place it in the hole. Later the gradually. This makes the labors to demand for more wages
mud will be leveled. The fig 2.shows the system at the user but it becomes unaffordable for the land owners. Because of
end. The 4 rackets are sowed at a single instant. The water and such factors the farmers are influenced to leave their land to be
fertilizer are sprinkled using sprayer. In order to spray the uncultivated even though they have interest in the agricultural
fertilizer the height of the device can be adjusted depending on activities. This project helps the farmers at the initial stages
the growth of the plant. The unwanted plants are removed with i.e. during the sowing and fertilizing, likewise the further
the help of blades attached on the wheels. All the specified process of sowing the seeds in 4 rackets at a single instance.
operations are done by using solar panels which also reduces The proposed robot can replace the human to some extent to
the carbon footprint [2]. perform the operations like sowing, automated cultivating,
seed providing, insecticide spraying and grassland wounding.
This project plays a major role in solving the labour problems.

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 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA 2020)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20K58-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-4167-1

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Prof. Shweta Madiwalar and

KLE Dr.M.S.Sheshgiri College of Engineering and
Technology, Belagavi for their involvement and support.

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