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We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our
traffic. Each sub phase is defined in the project manual with its general purpose, required input,
activities to be performed and deliverables to subsequent phases. If a demand for a standardized
dimension on threaded holes was followed by additional information such as the extra cost of
having two different drilling and threading tools, it would be easier to make a trade-off between one
and two dimensions. A cross functional team with experienced engineers has mapped the process by
defining all necessary activities that they need to perform, and also what activities or information
that they require from other stakeholders. Page 60. A partnership programme opens possibilities for
the local team to learn more about the Scania Way of working and leadership principles. The list can
be used as a toolbox for the project planning, see Figure 19. There are also a number of support
functions within each production unit that will be influenced by a PD project such as measuring
room, material and production planning and maintenance. For each PD project there will be an
overhead project leader, as well as a number of object leaders. For example the design department
creates the bill of material (BOM) for a new machine; the production unit will prepare the BOM in
the production planning system and create rough assembly instructions as well as order the parts for
the prototype machine. Cambria: CIM Press. Atlas Copco Rock Drills. (2012). Atlas Copco Rock
Drills. Nihtila (1999) states that an explicit project kick-off is crucial to the initiation of the cross
functional teamwork, it will give a disciplined start, and key issues can be handled at the beginning
of the project, such as project goals, key assumptions and identifying key resources. Representing us
at the Scania booth is Blessy Perumal Chacko, Head of AI technologies. The configuration must then
be approved at the next CQ meeting, after which the actual concept development projects start. Not
just for her, but for a completely new position that hasn’t been available before. These presentations
were used during the development and implementation of the new PD process, to spread
information, but also to prepare for the transition from the old process to the new. For a more
detailed explanation of how we use cookies, please visit our cookies section, which you can find by
clicking the link below this text. The lead times have been estimated and are used as input to the
project planning. A difficulty with cross functional work is to find the balance between product
development and operational activities, and engineers that are allocated 75% to one project is often
available less than 50% (Nihtila, 1999). You can write a magazine for the reason that time or do all
helpful things. Once a senior in combustion engine development, David now stands as a prominent
figure in battery technology. Even though relatively little resources are used in this phase most of the
future costs of the product is determined in this phase. The sub-phases of the continuous introduction
process is illustrated in Figure 14. After tests are approved, a final review of the BOM and product
structure is performed with feedback from the prototype assembly in order to prepare the machine
for pre-series and serial production. A Participating observer will actively join the observed group as
a member, and will face a set of difficulties with the method. The outcome from different methods
can point toward different directions and still be equally interesting to the study, for example if a
person says one thing in an interview and does something contradictive during an observation, that
can be the basis for a deeper interpretation. With the new PD process and the goals to reduce time to
market for new products, there will be no time for ad hoc problem solving in the production units.
The main method of collecting data has been to gather the process planners that are currently
working with a certain type of product and brainstorm demands based on experienced problems in
the production. As a way to emphasize the lead times of machine investments the first milestone has
actually been placed already during the concept development. At the tool holder factory there are
dedicated project leaders for the introduction of new products.
The company has 8000 employees worldwide and is represented in over 130 countries (Sandvik
Coromant, 2012). Examples of this could be when a design engineer tries to evaluate what impact a
product design change will have on the production line, and ad hoc problem solving within
production units during product implementation. The project pulse meetings are used mainly to
coordinate activities and follow the status of ongoing tasks. Scania paborjade sitt arbete med att
strukturera produktutvecklingsprocessen under 1980- talet och har utvecklat det med standiga
forbattringar sedan dess. The six phases of MPP have been visualized in Figure 9 in the process
description at Scania. Page 35. The author will not participate actively during the observations and
whether the role as observer will be known or not depends on the type of meeting. The observer that
shall be known to the group will have to gain the permission of the group to observe them and must
be impartial to the members of the group to be able to observe a natural behavior. On the bottom
level is the first draft of the eight milestones that should be applicable to all component
manufacturing workshops (engine components, transmission components). The creation of the BOM
and the assembly instructions are done iteratively by design and production in order to achieve a
good product structure that will allow as simple assembly as possible. Both Scania and Sandvik have
a quite low level of detail in their model in the sence that the phases and milestones are general and
applicable for all stakeholders. Their focus is on increasing the productivity of their customers by
innovation and development of new tools to continuously improve metal cutting methods. A pre-
series will be manufactured to verify the production process. Before the finished concept will be
presented at a CQ meeting, it will be reviewed in a cross-functional decision forum called CR-1 (CR
minus one) where all related functions at Scania, such as production, purchasing, marketing, will
approve the concept. Pa grund av hardare krav fran en mer konkurrenskraftig marknad har man sett
behovet att strukturera hur produktionsenheterna deltar i produktutvecklingsprocessen for att na
kortare ledtider i produktutvecklingsprojekt. To support project planning Sandvik are trying to use
standardized lead times for recurring activities in product development projects. The lead times have
been estimated and are used as input to the project planning. The concept development project is
characterized by experienced engineers working in small groups with focus on innovation and risk
elimination. Representing us at the Scania booth is Blessy Perumal Chacko, Head of AI technologies.
Their responsibility is to plan and perform the build of the prototype machine(s) and plan and
perform functional and field testing of the machine(s). Figure 19 - PD toolbox axle and gearbox
assembly Page 50. Both (Johannesson, Persson, and Pettersson, 2004) and (Holmdahl, 2010) state
that those types of projects are characterized by less uncertainty and more knowledge and experience
is available within the company, thus planning and execution is easier compared to technologically
driven projects for example. The investigation shall result in a demand statement, which should give
sufficient information to make a good decision whether to start a concept development project or
not. It is a common understanding within the organization that there is a need to clarify the PD
process for the engine manufacturing plant at Scania. These are the only two occasions yearly that
new Sandvik products may be released to market; hence several different new products will be
released to market at the same time. The milestones are visualized on three different levels in Figure
17. At the production unit in Gimo the tool holder and the inserts factory have different types of
representation in the product development projects. Sometimes the problem might be that the lead
time is too long, and the performer of the task does not feel any pulse in the task, thus the work risks
being carried out too slow or too late. Page 53. However the use of standardized lead times has not
been completely successful, as it happens quite regularly that the actual lead time exceeds the
standardized lead time that was used for the project planning. In this type of project a company aims
to improve existing products, often at a sub-system level. On the other hand the investigation of
three companies has given some valuable input to the analysis of the findings of the case study that
have given extra depth to the discussions.
This group should be financed by the development project. To provide a general view of modern
principles for product development. 2. To give some knowledge of methods to integrate production
units in the PD process as early as possible. 3. To provide an understanding of how Scania’s PD
process is working. Summer time jobs in Norway Work areas. Finance. Thesis projects invaluable for
Scania Thesis projects are an essential tool. On the other hand the investigation of three companies
has given some valuable input to the analysis of the findings of the case study that have given extra
depth to the discussions. Patel and Davidson (Patel and Davidson, 2011) explains that a qualitative
interview like this has the purpose of investigating the characteristics of something, in this case, it is
the interface between the engine production and product development at Scania. Christine Eriksson
(pictured above), who now works for Scania and helped bring the door to market, developed the
initial concept as part of a Master’s thesis with her colleague Anna Tisell. (Photo courtesy of Scania.)
“It’s immensely satisfying to take a concept from an idea to a commercial product,” says Eriksson.
“It was clear already back then that Scania was eager to develop the product and that there was a
real need for it. How are other manufacturers producing similar products, and how are similar
products being produced at Scania. Depending on the chosen method, the number of respondents in
an interview may also vary from one to several respondents at the same time. Setting the tolerances
should be a trade-off between product performance and production cost, as tighter tolerances drive
higher production costs. That not only enhances the quality but perhaps more importantly provides a
better field of vision since the divider doesn’t obscure the view. That education will give all process
planners a good picture of what type activities are required during the introduction of a new
product. This part of the case study has been performed at Atlas Copco Underground Rock
Excavation in Orebro and focuses on their development of new underground excavation machines
and the project model that is developed for that purpose. 4.3.1 Project manual Atlas Copco has
developed a project manual for all their PD projects, to maintain a standardized way of performing
projects. This focus area will allow Atlas Copco to have a good coordination between projects to
handle resource deviations. The ABC and FMEA approach to cost estimation in conceptual process
planning is modeled in Figure 8. The ones that are invited are process planner, industrial engineer,
operator team leaders and quality coordinators. The Atlas Copco project manual provides a detailed
description of the tasks, responsibilities and authorities for project participants in different levels,
from steering group to project member. Page 56. If a permanent solution is not found within 10 days,
the assignment will be changed to a medium or heavy assignment. In this study references will not
be given for specific quotes made by individuals, but all interview participants will be listed in the
references chapter. 4.1 Scania Scania is a global truck and bus manufacturer. Learn More Got it!
Your current browser cannot run our content, please make sure your browser is fully updated or try
one of the browsers below. The observer that shall be known to the group will have to gain the
permission of the group to observe them and must be impartial to the members of the group to be
able to observe a natural behavior. Nihtila (1999) states that an explicit project kick-off is crucial to
the initiation of the cross functional teamwork, it will give a disciplined start, and key issues can be
handled at the beginning of the project, such as project goals, key assumptions and identifying key
resources. The mandatory milestones in the product development process are accompanied by a set
of milestones developed in a product introduction process that is used at the production units. The
time by which we offer free revisions is 2 days following the paper continues to be delivered the
very first time. Atlas Copco is working on mapping their PD process one step further, in addition to
the checklists which contain deliverables to the project, they are also working on mapping
deliverables and dependencies between different stakeholders to further support the project leaders
in planning their activities. When the general theoretical context of the study is established the most
important theories can be investigated further, using books, but also by searching for articles, reports
and conference papers, which are more likely to contain the latest findings, as they are published
much faster than books. The model has five major decision points (gates) that are critical for the
progress of the project. The first two questions are closely connected to whether or not the
observation is structured or unstructured. This issue should be investigated further at Scania. Page
65. A number of categories can be prepared in an observation chart, which is basically a list of
expected behaviors that can be ticked off as they occur, if the sequence is important it can be
registered as well. The concept of interviews contain many different methods for questioning the
participants, from meetings in person, telephone interviews, written correspondence via e-mail or
SMS according to Bjorklund and Paulsson (Bjorklund and Paulsson, 2003).
They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant
adverts on other sites. Sometimes process planners find themselves in a position where it is very
difficult to find time in the production line to make a prototype batch of a new product. Whether the
observer is known or unknown to the group there will also be a set of difficulties. At Scania’s Axle-
and gearbox assembly a lot of effort has been put in to defining their local PD process. Genom att
definiera en intern produktutvecklingsprocess kommer Scanias motortillverkning vara battre
forberedda for att delta aktivt i produktutvecklingsprojekt. We also share information about your use
of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partner. The meeting was originally meant
to be used to coordinate and plan continuous improvement activities on the production line, but it
can also be used to discuss quality issues and PD projects. The influence from society regards mainly
to legislation for tougher environmental and safety demands in order to steer product development
towards more sustainable solutions. Page 28. In this study references will not be given for specific
quotes made by individuals, but all interview participants will be listed in the references chapter. 4.1
Scania Scania is a global truck and bus manufacturer. Another situation where further information
could be added to the discussion is regarding tolerances. A number of categories can be prepared in
an observation chart, which is basically a list of expected behaviors that can be ticked off as they
occur, if the sequence is important it can be registered as well. That education will give all process
planners a good picture of what type activities are required during the introduction of a new product.
Table 1 - Conditions for PD project depending on the project driver (Holmdahl, 2010). In addition to
defining a set of dependencies, the required delivery times can also be set. Some of the milestones in
the table are written in bold text, these are major decision points for the project. Scania CV AB.
(2011). Product development process - STD4303 (2nd ed.). Sodertalje: Project Office YP. Page 66.
In the case that the responsibility of the industrial engineer is influenced, they will also be involved.
The configuration must then be approved at the next CQ meeting, after which the actual concept
development projects start. To further support the project leader in the product introduction Sandvik
have a project management model, each phase of the project is defined and the responsibilities of the
project leader is described phase by phase. Based on the selection of manufacturing processes and
resources a process FMEA is performed to identify the risk of failures for the conceptual process
plan. In this type of project a company aims to improve existing products, often at a sub-system
level. In the subsequent phases in verification and validation they are functionally tested as well as
field tested. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 26 (4), 392-401. Hedlind, M. (2007).
Modellering av beredningsprocess. Since the theoretical study of the PD process is mainly
descriptive, Scania’s internal documents will suffice. The reasons for this varies, from prototype
production in the early stages of the PD process to implementation of the new product in the
manufacturing line for series production. All the necessary steps in a product introduction are
clarified as well as the previously mentioned milestones. The unstructured observation also requires
preparation; the type of information that shall be registered must be known in advance, and the
method of registration as well (Patel and Davidson, 2011). Page 24. The process planners are not to
blame for this, but rather the organization that has not clarified the process and educated the
employees. 6.1 Recommendations to Scania The first step that Scania should take is to educate all
process planners in the MPP method that is already well defined. Scania was so impressed that they
requested Eriksson not publish the thesis and instead hired her to work on the glass door on the spot.
Scania was so impressed that they requested Eriksson not publish the thesis and instead hired her to
work on the glass door on the spot.
However this education could be slightly briefer as they do not need the same type of understanding
as the process planner. Patel and Davidson (Patel and Davidson, 2011) gives one method that is
commonly used to increase validity and reliability is triangulation, which can be done in many
different ways. First of all, the active participation in the group might impede the registration of the
observed information. Atlas Copco Rock Drills will henceforth be called Atlas Copco in this thesis
report. Design, component manufacturing, assembly and purchasing are always invited to the
meeting, and when it is necessary other stakeholders like service and aftermarket are also invited.
This group should be financed by the development project. That not only enhances the quality but
perhaps more importantly provides a better field of vision since the divider doesn’t obscure the view.
Scania’s master bus builder Harri. Full text. Free.scania norway master thesis CliCK GO. If the
project preparation is approved the project will move in to the realization phase, more engineers are
involved as the project work turns more cross functional. Lots of useful information was found that
could have been difficult to obtain if the interviews were more structured and more precise questions
had been pre-defined. It will give additional benefits as the MPP is applicable to other issues than
just new product introductions. When the product structure is approved, the prototype machine(s) are
assembled. Many companies have structured their product development process to have a systematic
work method that is integrated with other functions in the company such as production, purchasing
and marketing. That led to her to switch over to a different style of door. The subsequent step is to
use the input from both FMEA and ABC to estimate the cost for different failure modes. If you do
not allow these cookies you may not be able to use or see these sharing tools. We've detected that
your browser has JavaScript disabled. Figure 13 - Concept development process at Scania 3.4.2
Continuous introduction (green arrow) In the continuous introduction phase the results of the pre-
development phase are made available to customers by implementation in the Scania product range.
A quite common opinion in the construction department is that requirements from engine production
are not always backed up by facts. Strong individual integrators reduce the organizational resistance
for taking contact between different departments, and support a good dialogue between different
stakeholders in a project. The factors that influence manufacturing requirements should however be
considered as early as possible in the project. 3.3 Integration of product development and production
In the literature there are several methods presented to integrate product development and production
in product development projects. We are able to be certain that you won’t be disappointed inside
your choice. According to Patel and Davidson (Patel and Davidson, 2011) most interviews start with
some background variables that are necessary, and end with an open question to give the respondents
an opportunity to mention something that might be of importance but was missed during the
interview. During the phases all internal stakeholders have an opportunity to give input to the
analysis of the questions. All the necessary steps in a product introduction are clarified as well as the
previously mentioned milestones. It would give further valuable input to the project planning in the
configuration phase. For the component manufacturing the key issue that defines the size of the
whole PD project is whether or not the components can be manufactured in the existing production
structure, and if not, what types of investments need to be made. The minimum requirement for
focusing more effort on the PD process will come from the management of the engine production, it
must be made clear that it is a high priority issue to increase the participation in product development
projects through the entire organization. Secondly the engine manufacturing at Scania must decide to
invest time and resources in developing their internal development process. It is in this phase that the
product starts being delivered to customers.