i

MINI PROJECT REPORT

On
NANO SWEEP-BT
Submitted to the partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the award of degree.
OSMANIA UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-IOT
Submitted by

Saniya Inayath 161021749014

Aesha Mehveen 161021749001
Ahmedi Begum 161021749003
 ii

Under the guidance of

Dr. Mohammed Sanaullah Qaseem
Vice Principal

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

AND ENGINEERING
NAWAB SHAH ALAM KHAN COLLEGE OF
ENINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MALAKPET,HYDERABAD
 iii

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the major project on “C-NSAKCET” is being

submitted by the following students:
SANIYA INAYATH 161021749014
AESHA MEHVEEN 161021749001
AHMEDI BEGUM 161021749003

They have presented the major project work during the academic year
2020-2021 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in department of COMPUTER
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
from JNTUH. This is a bonafide record work carried out by them under our
guidance and supervision. The results of investigation enclosed with this
report have been verified and found to be satisfactory.

Internal Guide Project Coordinator Head of Department

External Examiner Principal

 iv

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work entitled “C-NSAKCET”

submitted to the Department of Computer Science and Engineering of
NAWAB SHAH ALAM KHAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY, affiliated to JNTU,
Hyderabad in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for award of the
degree in
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY is a bonafide work done by them.

SANIYA INAYATH 161021749014

AESHA MEHVEEN 161021749001
AHMEDI BEGUM 161021749003
 v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accomplished completion of any task would be

incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible and whose
encouragement and guidance has been a source of inspiration through the
source of the project.

We express our profound sense of gratitude to Dr. Syed Abdul Sattar,

Principal
for inspiring us during the project work.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our Project

Supervisor, Dr. Mohammed Sanaullah Qaseem, Prof. and Head of CSE
Department for giving us this opportunity to work within their environment.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our internal

supervisor, Dr. Mohammed Sanaullah Qaseem, Prof. and Head of CSE
Department for his earnest efforts and timely suggestions that motivated us
to come out with an excellent output.

We thank everybody who played a vital role in finishing our project

work on time.
 vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Objective 1
1.3 Methodologies 2
Chapter 2: Literature Survey 3
2.1 Problem Statement 3
2.2 Existing System 3
2.3 Proposed System 4
2.4 Technologies Used 4
Chapter 3: Software Analysis 26
3.1 Software Requirement Specification 26
3.2 UML Diagram 34
Chapter 4: System Design 37
4.1 Class Diagram 37
4.2 Architecture Diagram 37
4.3 Flow Diagram 38
Chapter 5: Implementation 40
5.1 Screenshots 40
Chapter 6: Conclusion 43
6.1 Applications 43
6.2 Future Scope 43
References 45
 7

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
An Arduino-based vacuum cleaner is a cleaning device that is
powered and controlled by an Arduino microcontroller. The
Arduino board is programmed to control the motors, sensors,
and other components that make up the vacuum cleaner. This
allows for a high degree of customization and control over the
cleaning process, making it possible to program the vacuum
cleaner to clean specific areas, adjust the suction power, and
even navigate around obstacles. Additionally, an Arduino-
based vacuum cleaner can be connected to other devices and
systems, such as a smartphone or a home automation system,
to provide remote control and monitoring capabilities. This
makes the vacuum cleaner not only a practical cleaning tool,
but also a fun and educational project for makers and
hobbyists interested in robotics and home automation.

A. Vacuum Cleaner
A vacuum cleaner, commonly referred to as a vacuum or a
hoover, is a machine that creates suction to take dirt off of
surfaces like floors, couches, draperies, and other objects.
Typically, electricity is used to power it. Either a dust bag
or a cyclone collects the dirt for subsequent disposal. Small
battery-powered hand-held vacuum cleaners, wheeled
canister models for home use, domestic central vacuum
cleaners, enormous stationary industrial machines that can
hold hundreds of liters of dirt before being emptied, and
selfpropelled vacuum trucks for cleanup of significant
spills or removal of contaminated soil are all different sizes
and models of vacuum cleaners that are used in both
homes and industry. Both solid objects and liquids can be
sucked up using specialized shop vacuums. The
performance of a vacuum cleaner can be measured by
several parameters: 1) Airflow, in liters per second [l/s] or
cubic feet per minute (CFM or ft³/min) 2) Air speed, in
metres per second [m/s] or miles per hour [mph] 3)
Suction, vacuum, or water lift, in pascals [Pa] or inches of
water.
 8

B. Obstacle Avoiding Robot

An obstacle avoidance robot is an autonomous robot that
can move through its environment and avoid obstacles in
its route without any human involvement. It is outfitted
with sensors that identify obstacles in its path and
algorithms that allow it to decide how to avoid them. The
robot can be built to work in a range of conditions, from
straightforward inside settings to challenging outdoor
terrains. As they can travel through unfamiliar
environments and avoid potential dangers, these robots are
frequently utilised in applications including surveillance,
exploration, and transportation.

METHODOLOGIES:

The development process for an Arduino-based smart vacuum cleaner involves a

systematic approach to address various aspects of design, implementation, and
testing. Beginning with defining precise cleaning requirements, the process entails
carefully selecting appropriate hardware components, including motors, sensors,
and power sources, to meet these specifications. Subsequently, writing the
software code using the Arduino IDE is crucial, encompassing functionalities such
as motor control, obstacle detection, and user interaction. Assembling the
hardware components according to the design follows, ensuring proper integration
and alignment. Extensive testing and debugging are then conducted to validate the
system's functionality and address any issues that arise. This iterative process
allows for continual refinement, with improvements made based on testing
feedback and user experience. Comprehensive documentation of the design, code,
and testing procedures ensures clarity and facilitates future maintenance and
replication of the project. Overall, the methodology combines hardware and
software design principles to produce a practical and efficient smart vacuum
cleaner capable of autonomously or manually carrying out cleaning tasks.
 9

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Problem Statement

In today's fast-paced world, maintaining cleanliness is essential for a
healthy living environment. However, traditional vacuum cleaners
often struggle to navigate around obstacles, requiring manual
intervention and increasing the time and effort required for cleaning
tasks. Additionally, users may desire more convenient control
options beyond traditional switches or remotes.
2.2 Existing System
Conventional vacuum cleaners suffer from several drawbacks.
Firstly, they are often expensive, making them inaccessible to
budget-conscious consumers. Additionally, they lack rechargeable
options, limiting their portability and requiring users to be near
power outlets during operation. Furthermore, their bulky design
makes maneuvering around furniture and obstacles challenging,
especially in confined spaces or multi-story homes.
2.2.1 Existing System Disadvantages

- Economical and Cost-Efficient:

- Traditional vacuum cleaners, including those with advanced
features like obstacle avoidance and Bluetooth connectivity, often
come at a steep price.
- Additional functionalities such as smart navigation and remote
control capabilities raise manufacturing costs, limiting affordability.
- High maintenance and repair expenses, especially in complex
systems, add to overall costs.

- Portability and Weight:

- Traditional vacuum cleaners are bulky and cumbersome.
- Maneuvering them around obstacles is challenging.
- Storage and transportation are difficult due to their size and
weight.

- Environmental Impact:
- Inefficient energy usage increases electricity consumption and
carbon footprint.
 10

- Disposable components contribute to waste generation.

- Limited durability and repairability lead to premature disposal,
adding to electronic waste accumulation.

2.3 Proposed System

2.3.1 The proposed system is a Bluetooth-controlled, obstacle-
avoiding vacuum cleaner powered by Arduino technology. It
integrates ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection and
maneuvering. Users can remotely control the vacuum cleaner
via a smartphone application, enabling convenient operation
and monitoring. The system prioritizes affordability, energy
efficiency, portability, and environmental sustainability. By
offering a rechargeable, lightweight alternative to traditional
vacuum cleaners, it enhances user convenience while
reducing energy consumption and environmental impact,
making it an ideal solution for modern households.

2.3.2 Proposed System Advantages

 Ease: You can make the vacuum work by a phone app. That
makes cleaning easier.
 Works Well: Technology helps it move without hitting things.
So, you don't need to guide it.
 Lightweight: It's not heavy and you can charge it. That lets you
take it to any room or floor.
 Rechargeable: This vacuum leverage rechargeable Li-ion
batteries, promoting environmental sustainability by reducing
waste and enabling extended operation through convenient
recharging.
 Saves Money: This cleaner costs less than old ones. That lowers
money on upkeep and power.
 Easy on Nature: It uses less power and makes less trash. So, it's
nice to nature and fits with saving the Earth.
All in all, this new cleaner is smart, easy to use, saves money and is
kind to the Earth.
2.4 Technologies used
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2.4.1 Arduino

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) serves as a

comprehensive software platform tailored for programming and
deploying code
to Arduino microcontroller boards. It boasts a user-friendly interface,
facilitating the creation, compilation, and uploading of sketches
(programs) to Arduino boards. With its availability across multiple
operating systems such as Windows, macOS, and Linux, the IDE ensures
accessibility to a broad user base, regardless of their preferred platform.

This inclusivity aligns with Arduino's commitment to fostering a diverse

and collaborative community of makers and developers.
In addition to its intuitive interface, the Arduino IDE is equipped with
essential features to streamline the coding process. These include a built-
in text editor featuring syntax highlighting and auto-completion
functionalities. These aids are particularly beneficial for beginners, easing
the learning curve associated with programming. Furthermore, the IDE
incorporates an extensive library comprising pre-written functions and
examples. These resources empower users to swiftly integrate various
sensors, actuators, and electronic components into their projects,
accelerating development and prototyping efforts.

Moreover, the Arduino IDE facilitates efficient debugging and

troubleshooting through its serial monitoring tools. This capability
enables users to monitor and analyze the behavior of their code in real-
time, aiding in the identification and resolution of errors or issues. By
providing a seamless and intuitive programming environment, the
Arduino IDE empowers individuals of all skill levels to
unleash their creativity, explore new concepts, and bring
their innovative ideas to life using Arduino microcontrollers.

Why Arduino?

Arduino microcontrollers are versatile platforms capable of

performing a wide range of tasks. Here are some of the capabilities and
applications of Arduino:
 12

 Sensing and Data Acquisition: Arduino boards can interface with

various sensors such as temperature, humidity, light, motion, and
distance sensors to gather data from the environment.

 Control and Actuation: Arduino can control actuators like motors,

servos, LEDs, relays, and solenoids, enabling the automation of
physical systems and devices.

 Communication: Arduino boards can communicate with other devices

via serial communication, USB, I2C, SPI, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,
and other protocols, facilitating data exchange and connectivity in
projects.

 Data Processing and Decision Making: Arduino can process sensor

data, perform calculations, make decisions based on predefined logic,
and execute control algorithms, enabling autonomous operation in
various applications.

 Human-Computer Interaction: Arduino can interface with user input

devices such as buttons, switches, keypads, touchscreens, and
joysticks, enabling user interaction and control in projects.

 Internet of Things (IoT) Applications: Arduino can be used in IoT

projects to collect data from sensors, communicate with cloud services
or other devices, and control actuators remotely over the internet.

 Robotics: Arduino is widely used in robotics projects for controlling

motors, sensors, and other components in robots and robotic systems.

 Home Automation: Arduino can automate various tasks in homes such

as controlling lights, thermostats, door locks, and appliances based on
predefined conditions or user input.

 Educational Purposes: Arduino is an excellent educational tool for

teaching electronics, programming, and robotics due to its simplicity,
affordability, and extensive community support.

 Prototyping and Rapid Development: Arduino facilitates rapid

prototyping and development of electronic projects and prototypes,
allowing makers, hobbyists, students, and professionals to quickly
iterate and test ideas.
 13

C/C++
C and C++ are foundational programming languages with distinct yet
complementary strengths. C, originating in the early 1970s, serves as a
robust and efficient language known for its direct interaction with
hardware and low-level memory management. It finds extensive use in
system programming, embedded systems, and operating systems, where
direct control over hardware and high performance are paramount. Its
simplicity and portability make it a popular choice for writing device
drivers, operating systems kernels, and other system-level software
components.

C++, developed as an extension of C in the 1980s, introduces object-

oriented programming (OOP) features, enhancing modularity, reusability,
and maintainability of code. With its support for classes, inheritance,
polymorphism, and encapsulation, C++ is widely utilized in software
development for building large-scale applications and systems. Its
versatility extends to diverse domains such as desktop and mobile
application development, game development, scientific computing, and
high-performance computing, where its expressive power and abstraction
capabilities are leveraged to create complex, efficient, and scalable
software solutions.

Both languages play significant roles in the development of system

software, embedded systems, and real-time applications. While C excels
in scenarios requiring direct hardware interaction and performance
optimization, C++ offers advanced features for
building modular, object-oriented software
systems, catering to a broad spectrum of
application domains and development
requirements.

Components used:

Arduino UNO
The Arduino Uno is a popular microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P chip. It features digital input/output pins, analog inputs, a
USB connection for programming and power, and a reset button. The
board is equipped with 14 digital I/O pins, of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs, and 6 analog input pins. These pins allow the Arduino
Uno to interface with a wide range of sensors, actuators, and other
 14

electronic components, making it ideal for prototyping and DIY

electronics projects.
The Arduino Uno is programmed using the Arduino IDE, a software
platform that simplifies the process of writing, compiling, and uploading
code to the board. It uses a variant of the C and
C++ programming languages, known as the
Arduino programming language, which
includes libraries and functions that abstract the
complexities of microcontroller programming.
This abstraction makes the Arduino Uno
accessible to beginners and experienced
developers alike, enabling them to quickly and
easily create interactive electronic projects.
Due to its ease of use, affordability, and vast
community support, the Arduino Uno has
become one of the most popular choices for makers, hobbyists, students,
and professionals looking to create interactive electronic projects. Its
versatility, coupled with a wide range of compatible shields and modules,
allows users to expand its capabilities and tailor it to their specific project
requirements, making it a versatile and powerful tool for electronics
enthusiasts.

Arduino Motor Shield L293D

The Arduino Motor Shield is an expansion board designed to provide

easy and efficient motor control capabilities to Arduino microcontroller
boards. It features dual full-bridge motor drivers that can control up to
two DC motors or one stepper motor, allowing users to drive various
motorized devices such as robots, vehicles, and machinery. The shield
also includes built-in circuitry for current sensing, thermal protection, and
flyback diodes, ensuring reliable and safe operation of connected motors.

Equipped with a simple and intuitive interface, the Arduino Motor Shield
can be easily stacked onto Arduino boards like the Arduino Uno or
Arduino Mega, expanding their capabilities for motor control
applications. It offers flexibility in motor control, supporting both DC
motors with PWM speed control and stepper motors with precise position
control. Additionally, the shield provides convenient access to all the
necessary pins and connectors, simplifying the wiring process and
allowing for quick and hassle-free setup.

The Arduino Motor Shield is widely used in robotics, automation, and

mechatronics projects, offering a convenient and cost-effective solution
 15

for motor control needs. Its compatibility with the Arduino ecosystem,
along with its versatility and ease of use, makes it a popular choice
among hobbyists, educators, and professionals alike. With its robust
design and comprehensive features, the Arduino Motor Shield empowers
users to create sophisticated and dynamic motion control systems with
ease.

Ultra-Sonic Sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is a device that utilizes sound waves of frequencies
higher than the human audible range to detect the distance of objects. It
typically consists of a transmitter that emits ultrasonic waves and a
receiver that captures the waves reflected off nearby objects. By
measuring the time it takes for the ultrasonic waves to bounce back to the
sensor, the distance between the sensor and the object can
be accurately calculated using the speed of sound in air.

Ultrasonic sensors find widespread use in various

applications, including distance measurement, object
detection, and obstacle avoidance. They are commonly
employed in robotics, automation, automotive parking
systems, and industrial control systems. Due to their non-
contact nature and high accuracy, ultrasonic sensors are
particularly suited for environments where other sensing
technologies may be impractical or unreliable, such as in dusty, dirty, or
harsh conditions.

One of the key advantages of ultrasonic sensors is their versatility. They

can detect a wide range of materials and surfaces, including transparent
objects, liquids, and uneven surfaces. Additionally, they offer long-range
capabilities, with some sensors able to detect objects several meters away.
Ultrasonic sensors are also relatively low-cost and easy to integrate into
electronic systems, making them a popular choice for engineers and
hobbyists alike seeking reliable and efficient distance sensing solutions.

Servo Motor

A servo motor is a type of rotary actuator that

enables precise control of angular position, velocity,
and acceleration. It consists of a motor coupled with
a feedback mechanism, typically a potentiometer or
an encoder, that provides information about the
motor's current position. Servo motors are
 16

commonly used in applications where accurate and controlled movement

is required, such as robotics, CNC machines, remote-controlled vehicles,
and industrial automation systems.

One of the defining features of a servo motor is its ability to move to a

specific position based on the input signal it receives. This makes servo
motors ideal for tasks like positioning, tracking, and stabilization. By
adjusting the input signal, users can command the servo motor to rotate to
a desired angle within its range of motion, typically between 0 and 180
degrees.

Servo motors offer several advantages, including high precision,

reliability, and ease of use. They provide repeatable and consistent
motion control, allowing for precise positioning and smooth operation.
Additionally, servo motors are relatively simple to integrate into
electronic systems and can be controlled using various methods,
including pulse-width modulation (PWM), analog voltage, or serial
communication protocols. These characteristics make servo motors a
versatile and indispensable component in a wide range of
electromechanical applications.

Gear Motor & Wheels

A gear motor combines a motor with a gearbox to achieve specific

mechanical advantages, such as
increased torque, reduced speed, or
altered direction of rotation. The
gearbox consists of a series of gears that
transmit power from the motor to the
output shaft, enabling precise control
over the motor's speed and torque
characteristics. Gear motors are
commonly used in applications where
high torque and low speed are required,
such as in conveyor systems, robotics,
and automotive mechanisms.

One of the key benefits of gear motors is their ability to amplify torque
while decreasing speed, allowing them to generate greater force than a
motor operating without gears. This makes gear motors well-suited for
tasks that require heavy lifting, pushing, or pulling. Additionally, the use
of gears helps to stabilize and smooth out the motor's output, resulting in
more consistent and reliable performance.
 17

Gear motors come in various configurations, including spur, planetary,

and worm gear designs, each offering different trade-offs between torque,
speed, efficiency, and size. Spur gear motors are simple and cost-
effective, while planetary gear motors provide higher torque density and
efficiency. Worm gear motors are known for their self-locking
capabilities, making them suitable for applications requiring holding or
braking functions. Overall, gear motors offer versatile and customizable
solutions for a wide range of motion control applications.

DC Motor

A 10V DC motor is a type of electric motor that operates on direct current

(DC) power and is designed to operate at a nominal voltage of 10 volts.
DC motors convert electrical energy into
mechanical energy through the interaction of
magnetic fields, resulting in rotational motion of
the motor shaft. They consist of a stator, which
houses the stationary magnets, and a rotor, which
contains the rotating armature and commutator.
When a voltage is applied to the motor terminals,
a magnetic field is generated, causing the rotor to
rotate and produce mechanical work.

The performance characteristics of a 10V DC

motor depend on various factors, including the motor's design,
construction, and operating conditions. These motors typically offer
moderate speed and torque capabilities suitable for a wide range of
applications, such as small appliances, fans, pumps, and power tools. The
speed and torque output of the motor can be adjusted by varying the
applied voltage or by using external speed control devices such as motor
controllers or pulse-width modulation (PWM) circuits.

10V DC motors are widely used in both industrial and consumer

electronics due to their reliability, simplicity, and ease of control. They
offer a cost-effective solution for applications requiring rotational motion
with moderate speed and torque requirements. Additionally,
advancements in motor technology have led to the development of
efficient and compact DC motors, making them a popular choice for
 18

various motion control applications in today's automated and

electromechanical systems.

Lithium Ion Battery

A lithium-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that utilizes lithium

ions as the charge carrier to generate electrical energy. It consists of one
or more cells, each containing a positive electrode (cathode), a negative
electrode (anode), and an electrolyte solution. During discharge, lithium
ions move from the negative electrode through the electrolyte to the
positive electrode, creating a flow of electrons through the external
circuit, producing electrical power. During charging, the process is
reversed, with lithium ions moving from the positive electrode back to the
negative electrode.

Lithium-ion batteries offer several advantages over traditional battery

chemistries, including high energy density, lightweight construction, and
low self-discharge rates. These characteristics
make them ideal for use in a wide range of
portable electronic devices such as smartphones,
laptops, tablets, and digital cameras.
Additionally, lithium-ion batteries are commonly
used in electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable
energy storage systems due to their high energy
storage capacity and long cycle life.

Despite their numerous benefits, lithium-ion

batteries also have some limitations, including
the risk of thermal runaway and fire if damaged or improperly handled.
Additionally, the cost of manufacturing lithium-ion batteries can be
relatively high, although advancements in technology and economies of
scale have led to significant cost reductions in recent years. Overall,
lithium-ion batteries represent a versatile and efficient energy storage
solution for a variety of applications, driving innovation in the fields of
electronics, transportation, and renewable energy.

Bluetooth Module

The HC-05 Bluetooth module is a popular wireless communication

device that enables serial communication between electronic devices over
short distances. It operates on the Bluetooth 2.0 standard and supports
 19

both master and slave modes, allowing it to establish connections with

other Bluetooth-enabled devices such as smartphones, tablets, and
computers. The module is equipped with a built-in Bluetooth stack and
AT command set, simplifying the process of configuring and interfacing
with the module.

With its compact size and low power consumption, the HC-05 Bluetooth
module is widely used in a variety of applications, including wireless data
transmission, remote control systems, and Internet of Things (IoT)
projects. It features a range of up to 10 meters in open space, making it
suitable for short-range communication scenarios. Additionally, the
module supports baud rates ranging from 1,200 to 1,138,400 bps,
providing flexibility in data transfer rates to accommodate different
application requirements.

One of the key advantages of the HC-05 Bluetooth module is its ease of
integration and compatibility with Arduino microcontroller boards and
other embedded systems. By simply connecting the module to the serial
ports of Arduino boards, users can establish wireless communication
between their projects and external devices, enabling a wide range of
interactive and remote-controlled applications. Overall, the HC-05
Bluetooth module offers a cost-effective and reliable solution for
implementing wireless communication in electronic projects, enhancing
connectivity and versatility in various applications.

DC Jack
A female DC power supply connector, also known as a DC barrel jack or
socket, is a common type of electrical connector used to supply power to
electronic devices. It typically consists of a cylindrical
housing with a central pin or terminal surrounded by an
outer sleeve. The inner pin serves as the positive
terminal, while the outer sleeve is the negative terminal.
The connector is designed to mate with a corresponding
male plug, allowing for a secure and reliable electrical
connection.

Female DC power supply connectors come in various sizes and

configurations, with the most common sizes being 2.1mm and 2.5mm in
diameter. They are widely used in a variety of electronic devices such as
laptops, routers, LED strips, and CCTV cameras. The standardized design
of these connectors ensures compatibility and interoperability between
 20

different devices and power sources, making them a convenient and

versatile solution for powering electronic equipment.

One of the key features of female DC power

supply connectors is their ease of use and
installation. They typically feature a simple
plug-and-play design, allowing users to
quickly and easily connect and disconnect
power sources without the need for tools or
specialized equipment. Additionally, many
female DC power supply connectors
incorporate locking mechanisms or screw
terminals to ensure a secure and stable
connection, preventing accidental disconnection and minimizing the risk
of electrical hazards. Overall, female DC power supply connectors
provide a reliable and efficient means of supplying power to electronic
devices in a wide range of applications.

Toggle Switch
A toggle switch is a mechanical switch that is commonly used to
manually control the electrical circuit by toggling between two or more
positions. It typically consists of a lever or actuator that can be moved
back and forth to open or close the circuit. Toggle switches are available
in various configurations, including single-pole single-throw (SPST),
single-pole double-throw (SPDT), and double-pole double-throw
(DPDT), each offering different switching options and functionalities.

The operation of a toggle switch is straightforward: moving the lever or

actuator to one position connects one set of contacts, while moving it to
the other position connects a different set of contacts. This allows users to
control the flow of electricity through the circuit, turning devices on or
off, or switching between different modes or functions. Toggle switches
are commonly used in a wide range of applications, including household
appliances, automotive systems, industrial machinery, and electronic
equipment.

One of the advantages of toggle switches is their simplicity and

reliability. They provide tactile feedback when
toggled, allowing users to easily feel and confirm the
switch position. Additionally, toggle switches are
durable and robust, capable of withstanding repeated
use and harsh operating conditions. Their versatility
 21

and ease of use make toggle switches a popular choice for controlling
electrical circuits in various applications where manual control is
required.

Jumper Wires
Jumper wires are flexible wires with connectors at each end used to create
temporary electrical connections between components on a breadboard,
circuit board, or other electronic devices. They are typically made of
stranded copper wire with insulation to prevent short circuits and ensure
reliable conductivity. Jumper wires come in various lengths, colors, and
connector types to accommodate different applications and
configurations.

One of the key advantages of jumper wires is their versatility and ease of
use. They allow for quick and easy prototyping and testing of electronic
circuits without the need for soldering. By
simply inserting the connectors into the
appropriate holes on a breadboard or circuit
board, users can establish electrical
connections between components, such as
microcontrollers, sensors, LEDs, and
resistors, to create functional circuits.

Jumper wires are widely used in electronics

projects, education, and experimentation due
to their affordability and convenience. They
enable hobbyists, students, and professionals
to explore and learn about electronics in a
hands-on manner, making them an essential tool in the field of
electronics. Additionally, jumper wires can be reused multiple times,
making them a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution for temporary
circuit connections.
 22

Flux Wires

Flux wires, also known as soldering flux-core wires, are soldering wires
with a flux core embedded within them. Flux is a chemical compound
that aids in the soldering process by removing oxidation from metal
surfaces, promoting wetting, and improving
solder flow. Flux wires are commonly used in
electronics assembly, plumbing, and metalwork
applications where soldering is required.

The flux core inside flux wires melts and

activates when heated during the soldering
process. As the solder wire melts, the flux is
released and spreads across the joint, cleaning
and preparing the surface for solder adhesion.
This helps ensure a strong, reliable solder joint
with good electrical conductivity and
mechanical integrity.

Flux wires are available in various diameters and compositions to suit

different soldering applications and materials. They offer convenience
and ease of use, eliminating the need for separate flux application during
soldering. However, flux wires may leave behind residue after soldering,
which should be cleaned to prevent corrosion and ensure the longevity of
the soldered joint.

DC adapter
A DC adapter, also known as a power adapter or AC/DC converter, is a
device that converts alternating current (AC) from a mains power source
into direct current (DC) suitable for powering
electronic devices. It typically consists of a plug
that connects to the mains power outlet and a cable
terminating in a connector or jack that interfaces
with the device. DC adapters come in various
shapes, sizes, and voltage and current ratings to
accommodate different devices and applications.

The primary function of a DC adapter is to provide

a stable and regulated DC voltage to power
 23

electronic devices such as laptops, routers, modems, and other gadgets

that operate on DC power. The adapter converts the higher voltage AC
from the mains power supply to the lower voltage DC required by the
device, ensuring safe and efficient operation.

Additionally, some DC adapters incorporate built-in circuitry for voltage

regulation, overcurrent protection, and other safety features to prevent
damage to the connected device.
DC adapters are commonly used in homes, offices, and industrial settings
to provide power to a wide range of electronic devices and equipment.
They offer convenience and versatility, allowing users to power their
devices from standard mains power outlets without the need for batteries
or internal power supplies. DC adapters play a crucial role in modern
electronics by enabling the seamless integration and operation of
electronic devices in various environments and applications.

Fan

A fan is a crucial component responsible for

generating airflow within the device. Typically
located near the suction inlet, the fan creates a
negative pressure zone that draws air and debris into
the vacuum cleaner's dust collection chamber or
bag. As the fan blades rotate, they propel the air and
entrained particles through the vacuum's filtration system, separating dust
and debris from the airstream before expelling clean air back into the
environment, ensuring effective cleaning performance.

CHAPTER 3
SOFTWARE ANALYSIS

3.1 Software Requirement Specification (SRS)

4 Introduction

The study explores the development of an intelligent vacuum cleaner

using Arduino Uno and Bluetooth technology. This advancement allows
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users to control the cleaner remotely via mobile app. The research aims to
improve human-machine interaction and contribute to smarter home
appliances.
The following sections will delve into the system's architecture,
components, and operating principles, providing a comprehensive
understanding of its transformative impact on household cleaning and the
broader trend of intelligent homes.
 Purpose
In modern life, managing time efficiently remains a priority, especially as
technological advancements continue to shape our routines. However,
amidst busy schedules, maintaining a clean environment can often be
neglected. This project aims to address this issue by developing an
innovative cleaning solution using robotics and automation.

The purpose of this project is to create a robotic vacuum cleaner that not
only simplifies household cleaning but also enhances convenience and
effectiveness. By integrating smart technologies such as Arduino Uno and
Bluetooth, this cleaner can be controlled remotely via smartphone,
offering users greater flexibility and control over their cleaning routines.

Furthermore, the project aims to contribute to the advancement of home

automation and smart technology trends. By exploring the system's
architecture, components, and operational principles, the project seeks to
provide valuable insights into how such technologies can be leveraged to
enhance everyday living experiences.

Overall, the goal is to develop a cutting-edge cleaning solution that not

only simplifies household chores but also improves the quality of life for
users by creating a cleaner and more comfortable living environment.

 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions

The project targets a wide-ranging audience, including technology

enthusiasts, homeowners seeking innovative cleaning solutions,
engineers, developers, researchers, and academics interested in robotics,
automation, smart home technologies, and human-machine interaction.
For technology enthusiasts, the project offers an intriguing exploration
into the latest advancements in home automation and robotics,
showcasing the practical application of Arduino Uno and Bluetooth
technology in creating a smart vacuum cleaner system. Homeowners
looking to streamline household chores will find value in the project's
development of a vacuum cleaner that can be controlled remotely via
smartphone, offering convenience and efficiency. Engineers and
 25

developers stand to benefit from the project's insights into system

architecture, components, and operational principles, providing valuable
knowledge for future projects and applications in robotics and
automation. Additionally, researchers and academics will find the
project's findings and implications significant, contributing to the broader
understanding of technology's impact on everyday tasks and human-
machine interaction. Overall, the project serves as a catalyst for learning,
exploration, and advancement in the realms of home automation,
robotics, and smart technology, aiming to enhance the quality of life
through intelligent and efficient home appliances.

 Product Scope

The scope of this product encompasses several key areas:

Home Cleaning Solutions: The product aims to provide homeowners with

an efficient and convenient cleaning solution through the development of
an intelligent vacuum cleaner system. By integrating robotics,
automation, and smart technology, the product offers a modern approach
to household cleaning tasks.

Technological Advancements: The project explores the application of

Arduino Uno and Bluetooth technology in creating a smart vacuum
cleaner system. This demonstrates the potential for integrating these
technologies into everyday appliances to enhance functionality and user
experience.

Convenience and Efficiency: By enabling remote control via smartphone,

the product enhances convenience and efficiency in managing cleaning
tasks. Users can start, pause, and monitor the cleaning process from
anywhere, freeing up time and energy for other activities.

Research and Development: The project contributes to the advancement

of research and development in the fields of robotics, automation, smart
home technologies, and human-machine interaction. Insights gained from
the project can inform future innovations and applications in these areas.

Market Potential: With the growing demand for smart home solutions and
automation technologies, the product has significant market potential. It
caters to a diverse audience, including homeowners, technology
enthusiasts, engineers, developers, researchers, and academics.
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 Overview of the document

The remainder section of this SRS document provides the System

Planning, Overall Description, Specific Requirements, Use Case
Analysis, Process Model, and System Design of the product.

System Planning: This section outlines the project's objectives, scope, and
constraints. It provides an overview of what the system is intended to
achieve and sets the context for the rest of the document.

Overall Description: This section provides a high-level overview of the

system, including its purpose, functionality, and key features. It also
describes the environment in which the system will operate and any
external interfaces it may have.

Use Case Analysis: Use case diagrams and descriptions are provided to
illustrate how users will interact with the system and the various
scenarios that the system must support. This section helps to clarify the
system's behavior from the user's perspective.

Process Model: This section describes the process or methodology that

will be used to develop the system. It may include details on the
development lifecycle, project management approach, and any specific
methodologies or techniques that will be employed.

System Design: This section outlines the system's architecture and

design. It includes details on the system's components, modules,
interfaces, and dependencies, as well as any design patterns or principles
that will be followed.

SYSTEM PLANNING:

Project Objectives:
 Develop a smart vacuum cleaner capable of autonomously
navigating and cleaning various floor surfaces.
 Integrate advanced sensors and algorithms for obstacle detection,
avoidance, and optimized cleaning patterns.
 Provide users with remote control and scheduling capabilities
through smartphone apps or smart home integration.
 Ensure energy efficiency and sustainability through intelligent
power management features.
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 Deliver a user-friendly interface for easy setup, customization, and

monitoring of cleaning tasks.

Project Scope:
 Hardware Components: Sensors, motors, Arduino microcontroller
for navigation and control.
 Software Components: Sensor data processing, obstacle avoidance
algorithms, connectivity with smartphone apps or smart home
systems.
 External Interfaces: Wi-Fi or Bluetooth for remote control and
monitoring.
 Integration with Existing Smart Home Ecosystems: Compatibility
with popular smart home platforms.
 Energy Management Features: Automatic docking, scheduling, and
power-saving modes.

Project Constraints:
 Cost Limitations: Budget constraints may impact the inclusion of
advanced features.
 Technical Constraints: Sensor accuracy, battery life, processing
power may affect system performance.
 Regulatory Requirements: Compliance with safety standards and
regulations governing household appliances.
 Compatibility: Ensuring compatibility with existing smart home
ecosystems and platforms.

OVERALL DESCRIPTION:

Purpose:
The system aims to provide an autonomous solution for household
cleaning tasks, reducing the need for human intervention. By integrating a
vacuum cleaner onto a car, equipped with obstacle detection sensors and
remote control capabilities, the system offers efficient cleaning in indoor
environments.

Functionality:
The system utilizes an Arduino microcontroller to control the car's
movements and integrate sensors for obstacle detection. An ultrasonic
sensor mounted on the car detects obstacles, triggering a change in
direction to avoid collisions. The vacuum cleaner, powered by batteries,
comprises a fan and suction pipe to collect dust from floors. The system's
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functionality is further enhanced by a mobile application, enabling users

to remotely control the car's movements via Bluetooth commands.

Key Features:
 Autonomous Operation: The system autonomously navigates
indoor spaces, avoiding obstacles while efficiently cleaning floors.
 Obstacle Detection: Utilizing ultrasonic sensors, the system detects
obstacles and adjusts its course to prevent collisions.
 Remote Control: Users can control the car's movements remotely
via a dedicated mobile application, enhancing convenience and
flexibility.
 Efficient Cleaning: The vacuum cleaner, integrated with the car,
effectively collects dust from floors, improving cleanliness and
hygiene.
 User-Friendly Interface: The mobile application provides an
intuitive interface for sending directional commands to the car,
ensuring ease of use for users.
Environment:
The system is designed for operation in indoor environments such as
homes, offices, or commercial spaces. It is suitable for cleaning various
floor surfaces, including hardwood, tile, and carpet. The system's
mobility and obstacle avoidance capabilities make it adaptable to
different room layouts and furniture configurations.

External Interfaces:
The system interfaces with users via a mobile application . The mobile
application communicates with the car's Arduino microcontroller through
a Bluetooth module (HC-05), enabling wireless control over the car's
movements. Additionally, the system interacts with the environment
through its ultrasonic sensors, allowing it to detect and navigate around
obstacles during cleaning operations.

USE CASE ANALYSIS:

Use case is used in analysis phase of software development to
articulate high-level requirements of system, the primary goals of the
Use Case diagram include.
• Providing a high-level view of what the system does.
• Identifying the users (“actors”) of the system.
• Determining areas needing human-computer interfaces
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. Switch On the Robotic Vacuum:

The user switches on their project to initiate the process.
Start Mobile Application:
The user starts the mobile application designed for controlling
the robotic vacuum.
Set Variables:
The user sets any necessary variables or configurations within
the mobile application, such as connection settings or
operational parameters.
Control Movement:

The user interacts with the mobile application to control the

movement of the robotic vacuum.
The mobile application sends commands to the vacuum,
specifying directions for movement (e.g., forward, backward,
left, right).
The robotic vacuum receives these commands and translates
them into actions through its motor controller.
 30

For example, if the user selects "move forward" on the mobile

application, the vacuum's motor controller activates the
motors to move the vacuum forward.
Set Boundaries:
If desired, the user can set boundaries for the operation area of
the robotic vacuum.
This could involve specifying limits or boundaries within the
environmentwhere the vacuum should operate.
The user inputs these boundary coordinates into the mobile
application.
The mobile application then communicates with the vacuum to
set these boundaries, either directly or through intermediate
components like the BoundarySetter.
Set Instructions:
The user can also provide specific instructions or commands for
the robotic vacuum's operation.
These instructions might include tasks such as cleaning particular
areas first, avoiding certain obstacles, or following a
predefined path.
The user inputs these instructions into the mobile application.
The mobile application then sends these instructions to the
vacuum, either directly or through intermediate components
like the InstructionSetter.
Execute Commands:
The robotic vacuum executes the received commands, following
the user's instructions for movement and operation.
It may adjust its path or behavior based on the set boundaries and
instructions to perform its cleaning tasks efficiently and
effectively.
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CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 Block Diagram

Block Diagram

4.2Architecture Diagram

Fig 4.2 Architecture Diagram

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4.3Flow Diagram

Fig 4.3 Flow Diagram

CHAPTER 5 IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 Screenshots
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION

The created robot is completely functional and follows logic when

navigating. It is run to more effectively remove dry dust particles
from the air. Robots are wireless devices; therefore, they can
navigate a vast region. Additionally, less human interaction means
less human work. In order to improve cleaning, self-dust disposal,
and cleaning schedule scheduling, the robot can be upgraded with
features including sensing, detecting, and moving in the direction of
dust.
.
ADVANTAGES:
• Convenience: Users can control smart vacuum cleaners remotely
via mobile applications or voice commands. This convenience
allows them to initiate cleaning sessions from anywhere, at any
time, without the need to be physically present.

• Efficiency: Smart vacuum cleaners are equipped with advanced

sensors and navigation technologies that enable efficient cleaning.
They can detect obstacles, map out cleaning paths, and optimize
routes to cover the entire cleaning area effectively.

• Customization: Many smart vacuum cleaners offer customization

options through mobile applications, allowing users to schedule
cleaning sessions, set cleaning preferences, and define no-go
zones or boundaries within the cleaning area.

• Versatility: Smart vacuum cleaners are designed to clean various

types of surfaces, including hardwood floors, carpets, and tiles.
They often come with interchangeable brushes and suction power
settings to adapt to different surface types and cleaning
requirements.

• Smart Features: Smart vacuum cleaners may include additional

features such as dirt detection sensors, automatic recharge and
resume capabilities, and integration with smart home ecosystems.
These features enhance the cleaning experience and overall
functionality of the device.
 35

• Energy Efficiency: Many smart vacuum cleaners are designed to

be energy-efficient, utilizing advanced motor technologies and
optimized cleaning algorithms to maximize cleaning performance
while minimizing power consumption.

Future Scope:

In the future, smart vacuum cleaners will revolutionize household

cleaning with advanced AI integration, enhanced navigation
capabilities, and seamless integration with smart home ecosystems.
These devices will adaptively learn and optimize cleaning routes, offer
multi-functional capabilities such as mopping and air purification, and
seamlessly interact with other smart devices in the home. Energy
efficiency and sustainability will be prioritized through eco-friendly
materials and energy-efficient components. With personalized cleaning
options, intuitive interfaces, and collaborative cleaning capabilities,
future smart vacuum cleaners promise to deliver a superior cleaning
experience while contributing to a more sustainable and connected
home environment .
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REFERENCES: