STRATEGIES IN PUBLIC SPEAKING TO HELP GRADE 11 STEM

STUDENTS OF CSTC SARIAYA

A Research
Presented to the
Faculty of Senior High School Department of
CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the
K-12 CURRICULUM IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Accountancy and Business Management

by:

Sayat, Jamhel T.
Soria, Danica A.
Tambalo, John Lloyd L.
Vijeno, Ashley H.
Villaflores, Lara Mariz A.

January 2023
 CHAPTER I

The Problem and Its Background

Background of the Study

Every students has their different ways to show their self in front of others.
For some reasonable capabilities students try their best to stand out in front of other
people, significantly when it comes to their way of speaking, it is one of the most basic
principles of todays society to improve, and developing their oneself. For other public
speakers, their intellectual capacity and experiences has basically help them improve their
ways of talking to others. For some learners to make a maximum progress with their own
kind of how to show their self to other people, learners dissimilarities must be
recognized, and put an attention to. Personality somehow, is use to determine your
eligibility to get an attention to the one you are talking, and the unique capacity is a kind
of skill that give a students intellectual behavior when it comes to saying words
confidently. It is considered as a pattern of distinctive characteristics that gives a students
a kind of consistency and in a class by itself. It is a way of bringing out and recognize a
person’s peculiarity to handle the pressure of speaking, their responsibilities to the
listener, and to carry a word to possibly deliver it in a good way. Its significance is to
intensify the understanding and support, and allows a thoroughgoing movement.

The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of The Philippines, Article III "Bill of
Rights” Section 4, stated that there is should no law shall be passed abridging the
freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to
assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. A legal pattern that
includes no Filipino Citizen should be hindered from expressing his/her will to presesnt
themselves in front of other people. Moreover, in the Article III, Section VII, in the same
constitution states that ‘the right of the people to information on matters of public
concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers
pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research
data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such
limitations as may be provided by law’, that is needed by the public speakers to intend
their intellectual output when it comes to their way of talking and gathering information
throughout the speaking progress, some information that the public speakers needed must
be considered as prescribed by the law.

Students particularly, must not fear to orally present themselves in public,

however feeling nervous may always be together with the meanest of your public
speaking. By some means of public speaking, the pros and cons has been presented to
orally understand the importance of strategic pattern for public speakers.. Bodie (2010
72) stated that the public speaking anxiety as ‘a situation specific social anxiety that
arises from the real and anticipated enactment of oral presentation’ , it proves that public
speaking somehow brought pressure to the speakers, specially for the students as they
present their own self in front of the public. Doing great in schools impacts the students
learning perspective, public speaking handled the mind of the students and become a
foundation of their opinion about their intelligence and excellence in school. It develops
some pressure and fears to themselves as defined interchangeably. Farther than that a
term called “Glossophobia” which is known as the fear of speaking in public (Hancock et
al, 2010). The word glossophobia is derived from the Greek word ‘glossa’ which means
tongue and ‘phobos’ that means fear or dread.

In the study entitled “Public Speaking Attitudes: Does Curriculum Make a

Difference?” by Adrienne Hancock, Matthew D. Stone, Shelly Brundage, and Mark T.
Zeigler, it states that ‘fear of public speaking can exist in isolation with no fears,
manifested in personal relationship or other social situations. Public
speaking/performance anxiety is by far the most prevalent type of social phobia.’
Together with this study, states the fact that fear public speaking is normally occurring
when we’re speaking in front of many people, particularly in public. On the grounds of
this, public speakers especially students must be aware that feeling nervous when orally
presenting yourself is somewhat normal, as relevantly to be conscious of their own ways,
plan of action and strategic pattern affects their way of presenting themselves publicly.

Therefore every Filipino listener should realize how to value the rights of public
speakers, and everyone who’s trying to speak themselves out publicly. Public speakers
have great impact on our society, and other peoples learning perspective we have our
teachers, students and other personnel, etc. Public speakers provide a quality and
important role that can help every of each personnel to be participants of their own battle.
Dalai Lama states that “Whenever I go meeting in the public. Spreading a message of
human values, spreading the message of harmony, is the most important thing.” In
addition, it says that spreading out your means in public is the most essential way, to
produce important message and intellectual output.

Statement of the Problem

The research about the “Strategies In Public Speaking To Help Grade 11 STEM
Students of CSTC Sariaya”, intend to provide an excellent study about how students use
public speaking to improve their learning perspective, to know how their public speaking
skills affect their learning perspective. Aimed to explain briefly towards the end of the
study about the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age
1.2. Sex
1.3. Grade Level/Strand
2. What are the factors that affects the students when it comes to public speaking
during face to face classes, in terms of:
2.1. Personal Experiences
2.2. Academic Performance
 2.3. Students Communicating Skills
3. What implications can be drawn based on the result of the study?

Research Paradigm

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

GRADE 11 STEM
STUDENTS OF CSTC
DIFFERENT SARIAYA
STRATEGIES IN STUDENTS
PUBLIC SPEAKING COMMUNICATING
SKILLS
PUBLIC SPEAKING
ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE

Figure 1. Independent and Dependent Variable Model of the (Strategies In Public

Speaking To Help Grade 11 STEM Students of CSTC Sariaya)

In the study “Strategies In Public Speaking To Help Grade 11 STEM Students of

CSTC Sariaya” the independent variable is the public speaking and the dependent
variable is the students learning perspective. Students are experiencing public speaking
anxiety let say that they are concerned they will be embarrassed if they speak. They will
become worried that they will make a mistake or look stupid to others or be judged
unattractive. Fear of public speaking is common form of anxiety it can range from slight
nervousness to paralyzing fear or panic. This study presents the reasons behind public
speaking in students and problems. Due to the lack of confidence, students may feel that
they won’t be able to give the speech or perform well. Negative thoughts of failure and
rejection start creeping in.

In this study the effect of public speaking to students learning perspective, that
includes how to handle different emotions while doing a public speaking, nurturing
students capacity when it comes to bringing themselves out of their boxes or comfort
zones. Public may affect their learning perspective as they feel self-conscious while they
are bringing themselves to talk in front of public. Independent variable can somehow
manage to control the dependent variable as it affects how it works, in such a manner of
handling correctly the feeling of public speaking, to help students improve how they
present themselves orally, how they talk to other people and how they become proud of
what they can improve and prove to other people.

Significance of the Study

The study on the “Strategies In Public Speaking To Help Grade 11 STEM

Students of CSTC Sariaya” is significant and beneficial to the following:

To the Student. The study will be able to assist the students in public speaking to
help them boost their confidence, improve their listening skills, develop their vocabulary
and speech fluency, and excel in classes. More importantly, to improve students
capabilities to connect with other people, to be able to understand what is being applied
with the students communication skills. Focuses on their own understanding and support
to their strategic pattern for public communicating related activities.

To the Teachers. The study will help the teachers in learning how to effectively
communicate so that they may apply it to their students when teaching lessons in an easy
and understandable manner. They will also be able to handle students who have different
ways of showing their capabilities when it comes to public speaking.
 To the Parents. They will be able to help their children to apply the techniques
so that they can improve their public speaking competency ask the parents guide them.
To encourage them to step outside the their comfort zone and accommodate them to
engage their child to develop their public speaking skills.

To the Researchers. The study will help the researchers broaden their
knowledge about the strategies of public speaking that will serve as their guide to in
conducting the research effectively. Moreover, to make a great support for future
researchers and other user of this research paper.

To Future Researchers. This study will be able to serve as their basis for a
further deepening and analysis of the subject. This will give future researchers emerging
strategies, which will be a huge benefit to them because it will also serve as their guide.
In addition to that, it allows future researchers to form a significant connection, right
decision making and motivational changes for their own understanding, that’ll be their
foundation for their future research paper.

Scope and Limitation

This research covers Senior High School students in CSTC School to help them
know the strategies in public speaking. The respondents were Senior High school
students of CSTC School for school year 2022-2023 composed of three (3) person each
block of grade 11 stem with the total of twenty four (24) respondents. The study focused
on the Strategies in public speaking to help grade 11 stem students of CSTC Sariaya. The
researcher will use the convenience non-probability sampling method, which is a non-
random selection of a respondents. The researcher will select a respondents who are
convenient for the research. It will not be randomly selected. This study is conducted
from August 2022 until January 2023.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE

This section comprises the various related articles and readings as well as related
studies and researchers considered to support and strengthen the concepts of the study.

Related Literature
Local

The mastery of a public speaking skill Is a priority for everyone because speaking can
be regarded as the mode of communication, which is mostly used to express opinions,
transmit information, and make impressions on others. Research confirms that pressure of
risk of public embarrassment has long been recognized as sources of poor tension among
many students. Concerning this, it is obvious that glossophobia is the major problem that
instructors are concerned about (Busbus, 2015).

Emphasizing fear of public speaking determined by Katz (2017) as she reported the
causes of students’ anxiety during public speaking. These include worries to make
mistake, to look stupid to other, or be judged unattractive. Some students said they get
upset thinking about others looking at them or being the focus of attention. This is
supported by the De Guzman & Ocampo’ findings (2017), in which they found out that
speaking in front of an audience or even the thought of an audience makes them uneasy
or anxious.
 According to (Mayoclinic 2017) imagine that your presentation will go well. Positive
thoughts can help decrease some of your negativity thinking about your performance and
relieve some anxiety. The better you understand what you’re talking about and the more
you care about the topic the less likely you’ll make a mistake. “don’t just memorize your
presentation.”

Regardless of the profession everyone should process good communication skills in

different contexts (Pontillas 2020). Having a good communication skill regardless of
what kind of position do you have still played an important role in exceeding one’s
opportunity to speak publicly.

Lignes, M. W.., Ormillo, N. K.., Peralta, J.., Ebias, K.., Von, R. J. ., & Edillor, P. M.
C. . (2020) express that males have a higher tendency to experience the fear of public
speaking than females. Judgment was the main reason why they suffer from the fear of
public speaking, thereby leading the students to lose their confidence and affecting their
communication skills.Moreover, through this theory they revealed that speaking
confidently is one of the strategies how to reduce the fear of public speaking.

Most individuals are not born to be public speakers they are educated to be developed
as one. When they are in front of an audience being the focus of attention, they
experience emotions leading to nausea and excessive sweating because of fear and
anxiety. Individuals who have a fear of speaking in public suffer from strong fear in
social performance situations and social spheres, which is known as glossophobia.
Fagsao, J., & Mi-ing, J. G. (2021)
 Utilizing more people to speak loudly about their opinion, despite of having
communicating problem due to some factors, as stated by M. Pontillas, F. Talaue (2021)
environmental factors, personal experiences, and factors were some of the factors,
affecting one person’s attainability to speak in front of other people.
CG Ong and KMD Zambas (2021) stated that communication is a primary need for
humanity, and the primary goal of all languages is to aid humans to communicate to each
other so they can convey their thoughts. Also, they cited that to be able to understand the
affective factors of foreign language speaking anxiety it is important to understand the
nature of speaking as a separate skill in language learning.

Foreign

Base on Steele (2010) attains that public speaking is a type or process of speaking in a
few or many people, in a purpose of informing, motivating, persuading, educating, or
entertaining the listeners. According to Segel (2010), in everyday language, public
speaking refers to the communication practice of a speaker sharing ideas with an
audience primarily through the speech. Public speaking is a technique to communicate a
message or idea in front of people to make them understand or alter someone’s view or
opinion, Atsuti (2011:8).

A research study by (Lucas 2011) repeated the fact that even people who can easily
make conversation in everyday life find it difficult to make a speech in front of an
audience, pointing out to the lack of confidence that students face. Due to lack of
confidence, students may feel that they won’t be able to give the speech or perform well
in the presentation even before beginning the task. Students who experience the public
speaking anxiety say they are concerned they will be embarrassed if they speak.

Keep in mind that every student is an individual with unique strengths and abilities. It
is beneficial for all students to take “risks in an emotionally safe environment where they
are encouraged and know they will not be ridiculed” (Boyce et al., 2012, p. 143). It is our
goal to provide every student with the opportunity for success, and those who struggle
with writing may discover that they can represent the same learning through oral
communication. The ability to confidently share ideas is a form of social currency that all
students should have access to. Communication apprehension has been linked to lower
economic status, academic achievement, and social skills. That’s why if we had a good
communication skill it led us to have a good economic status, academic achievements,
and social skills, that will lead to the improvement not just for the learners’ oneself but
also to the improvement of the society and youth.

The desire to improve the quality of public speaking becomes one of the things that
today’s youth of students tend to increase, as face to face classes returns this year after
two years of being locked up and doing online classes. Public speaking known to be one
of the important things to improve, due to a lot of academic activities that is related to
public speaking. The goal of every student is to produce quality and concrete words to
prove themselves correct while speaking in public, speaking in public is the key to make
sure everyone learns. As cited in Yasin (2014), through collaboration of qualitative and
quantitative methods, many basic tactics were identified for reducing language anxiety
that cohered in five strategy types: preparation, relaxation, positive thinking, peer
seeking, and resignation. Nevertheless, Fareh cited in Alrabia, 2015, noted that teachers,
is part of reducing anxiety of public speaking such as letting students train to talk to
themselves before speaking in the classroom and avoidance of correcting the student’s
mistake in front of the students will cause a decrease in communication comprehension
and fear of negative evaluation.

Effective ways of public speaking may achieve through effective strategies. The
success of public speaking and bringing the harmony of your message to others depends
on how you believe on what you can. Regardless of the responsibility, some opportunities
may be taken through the way of public speaking. In accordance with the theory,
Kebritchi et al. (2017) classified the challenges into several stages including students’
expectations, readiness, identities, and participation. Furthermost, students and teachers’
correlation are one of the effective ways of reducing the stress of public speaking in
students’ perception, hence they might need different coping mechanism and support
system to be able to reduce the fear of speaking in front of others. The communication
skills of teachers are vital in the academic success of their students, Khan et al. (2017).

Overcoming anxiety in the field of public speaking is important before a student

transmits from academic life to professional life. The study of Raja also shows that
exposure to a virtual environment can improve students’ confidence and enable them to
face the audience (Raja, 2017). The most frequent phobia is glossophobia, sometimes
known as fear of public speaking. It affects up to 75% of the population. More severe
cases of this phobia may cause sufferers to worry over speeches and presentations for
days, causing physical symptoms such as perspiration and a high heart rate. These
irritating symptoms might aggravate the fear by making it more difficult to deliver an
engaging speech. Nobody wants to stand in front of a class or a board room with a
trembling voice and sweaty palms.

Public speaking is an effective skill that everyone should have and develop.it gets
easier with practice and training for the senior high school students. Public speaking will
be convenient to the senior high school students in the form of presentation and oral
assessment in school which could give a significant portion of the final grade. Public
speaking will definitely be useful to the students when entering the professional world,
especially when working in a business setting. Being able to speak fluently and
confidently could lead to a greater career opportunity. For the students, improving the
basic skills in speaking still, provide benefits and preparing for real-life scenarios
(Thomas, 2019). Coping strategies are the stress that manages stress or distress (Gustems-
Carnicer, et al., 2019).

Improving your public speaking abilities might catapult you to higher levels of
academic accomplishment. You’ll improve your communication abilities, become more
skilled at convincing groups, and enter the workplace ready to interview well. You’ll be
impressing coworkers and delivering fascinating speeches in a range of contexts,
including professional conferences, before you realize it. (SNU Professional and
Graduate Studies, 2020).

Also Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, cited in Merriam-Webster,

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/public%20speaking. Accessed 10 Dec.
2022, said that public speaking the act or process of making speeches in public and the
art of effective oral communication with an audience.

In accordance with the given definition of public speaking above, it is concluded to be

a way to communicate or to have communication around a person or a group of people,
allowing you to communicate, educate, persuade, etc. the listeners. It can be concluded to
have a possible and positive outcome of sharing your message to other people around
you.
Barot (2019) cited seven (7) tips how to reduce public speaking anxiety. (1) Deep
Breathing; took 5 deep breaths before stepping to the stage, this will calm your mind and
make you feel at ease. (2) Acceptance; accepting feeling of anxiousness is difficult to
understand without wholeheartedly accepting it. Accepting anxiety can be turn out as a
powerful motivator, as anxiousness and excitement can be similar experience depending
on how you interpret it. (3) Speak Slowly; speaking fast can make it difficult to
understand by the audience, so it is important to speak slow and calmly. (4) Don’t Fear
Silence; practicing a numbers of time can make you lose track of what you are saying, so
keep in mind that audiences don’t mind even a small or short pause. (5) Start Small;
everything starts small, even public speaking can be trained, so even participating in class
and giving answers build courage and confidence to students. (6) Don’t be Scared of
Judgement and Mockery; one of the often reason why students fear public speaking was
the judgement from other people, there’s one way to overcome this fear of judgment is by
knowing that criticism and judgment are only ephemeral and the fact that people will not
even remember the blunder you made on stage 5 minutes after you leave the stage and (7)
Mistakes are Important; students often mistook mistakes as failure that’s why they fear
public speaking, but through mistakes one student can learn.
Related Study

Local

As stated by Carmencita P. Del Villar to her study entitled Beginning Filipino

Students’ Attribution About Oral Communication Anxiety (July 2010) explains that
communication anxiety refers as a consequence or an “actual reaction” whereas
communication anxiety is the predisposition. Communication Anxiety is the unpleasant
physiological and physical condition experienced by the apprehensive speaker on the day
of the performance itself. As by the given explanation says, you may experience a normal
reaction of anxiety while communicating to other, it is somewhat normal to experience,
and yet can be overcome. So, students must not be afraid of coping with his/her
capabilities of public speaking as having anxiety in communicating to others, seemed to
be normal. It may be experienced at the day itself of the performance of the learners, so
public speaking should be overcome and be practiced, the day ahead of the presentation
to avoid the possible failure of public speaking, to be able to freely deliver the message or
the thought of what you’re going to say in front of other people also to avoid being
misjudged or be judged by the others.

The most cause of public speaking anxiety os afraid of making mistakes. “Fear of
making mistakes was the most important source of anxiety among students”. Public
speaking is about learning what to say, but about developing the confidence to say it. All
participants said they are not confident when it is time for the to deliver their message,
this happened because they were nervous of many audiences who were watching them.
(Grapsy 2011).

Students think a lot when they are faced to explore their ideas in speaking
performance. The feeling of worst, incompetent, and less skilled, that all have been built
if students could not uncover their shyness by confidence. Anxiety is the feeling of
nervousness correlated to the specific situation. As to ways to overcome anxiety,
beginning students believed that the most important remedies were practice and
preparation. As shown by the similarities between the results of this study and those of
previous researchers it was concluded that Filipino students have that innate knowledge
of what cause public speaking anxiety what remedies to take (Del Villar 2015).

According to “A Training Design for Public Speaking Anxiety” (2021). Taking the
findings as strong points for evaluating this research, the following conclusions were
drawn: (1) Various opportunities for student-talk should be provided in senior high
school classes, this calls for teachers’ creativity in designing meaningful and
communicative tasks; (2) the activities provided in class did not encourage enough class
interaction, students therefore need exposure to communicative teaching to reduce speech
anxiety level; and (3) to place high regard for class mentoring to widen the spectrum of
language learning areas. These were the baseline data used in the production of the
training design’s final form, classified into learning packets.

Based on the research conducted by Fagsao, J., & Mi-ing, J. G. (2021). Glossophobic
Experience Amongst MPSPC Philippines Pre-service Teachers Through Oral Speech
Presentations. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 3(1), 23-31.
https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v3i1.5658, they cited that; most individuals are not born to
be public speakers; they are educated to be developed as one. When they are in front of
an audience being the focus of attention, they experience emotions leading to nausea and
excessive sweating because of fear and anxiety. Individuals who have a fear of speaking
in public suffer from strong fear in social performance situations and social spheres,
which is known as glossophobia. That’s why overcoming the fear of public speaking can
be trained. Practicing with such confidence with oneself is helpful to attain public
speaking confidently.

The research study with the title “A Training Design for Public Speaking Anxiety” by
Charito G. Ong and K Marie D. Zambas in University of Science and Technology of
Southern Philippines, developed a training design for students to manage public speaking
anxiety, this research study determines the speakers should plan the speech, considering
speech situation, necessary ideas and patterns of discourse , the speakers should
formulate correct words and sound patterns, and lastly the speakers should establish an
inner mind or a kind of self-monitoring to check and correct any mistakes while
speaking.
Foreign
A study conducted by Wu (2010) entitled The Relationship between Language
Learners’ Anxiety and Learning Strategy in the CLT Classrooms. The results of the
Learning Strategy in CLT Classrooms revealed that most of the participants demonstrate
a good view toward the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach, but they
also reveal their intense anxiousness in the language classroom. As a result, language
anxiety is commonly claimed to have detrimental impact on second language learning. It
is the language instructors’ responsibility to hasten the learning process. Their students’
language learning Teaching pupils how to learn more successfully and efficiently is one
approach. Learning strategies (LLS) are methods that students can utilize to help them
learn more effectively.

Lucas (2011) reiterates that, “Many people who converse easily in all kinds of
everyday situations can also become frightened at the idea of standing up before a group
to make a speech” (p.9). Thus, it is essential that activities are organized for their
confidence building. As larger audience can affect the level of confidence negatively,
they need to be exposed to smaller audience in the initial phase. Later, as the level of
confidence increases, the size of the audience should be increased. Most often, students
are scared and reluctant to present because they have had experience. When students
could practice public speaking in the safe environment of the classroom, they can be
systematically desensitized to the anxiety that is associated with presentations.

According to the study conducted by Adrian Adiwinata “The Students Perception

Towards the Effectiveness of Public Speaking Subject to Support their Speaking Skill
( Descriptive Research of Students at English Education Department Year 2015 at
Muhammadiyah University of Makassar) stated that speaking is one of the four language
skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking) it is the means in which through learners
can communicate with others to achieve certain goals or to express their opinions,
intentions, hopes, and viewpoints. Based on what is cited above, speaking is used by
learners to have a communication with others and to the world, which is commonly
important nowadays as face to face classes starts a few months ago, it is a clearly and a
strong evidence that students should rely upon their speaking skills and improve the way
they communicate to others as time went by to make them understand the importance of
what they are pertaining to.

The worry of having a brain freeze increases our anxiety, it increases the likelihood of
our mind’s going blank. We can reduce brain freeze by breathing differently. It’s natural
to speed up our speech when we are anxious but when we talk quickly, our brain sees it is
a threat. Speak slowly and calmly gives the opposite message to our brain. Public
speaking anxiety or glossophobia affects about 73% of the population according to “The
National Institute of Mental Health”.

The research study also expresses along with Pomfret 2016 that: Public speakers use
different techniques to captivate the heart of the listeners. Some examples are having a
gesture, creating a unique and entertaining tone of voice, and having rhetorical questions
during the speech. Based on what is cited, fear of public speaking has nothing to do with
one’s gender, and more male are the ones that experiences fear of public speaking, but by
the proposed strategies like having hand gestures, etc. proves that there’s a lot of ways to
improve your communicating skills and increase the confidence you should have while
speaking in front of public.

Spencer 2018 delineates that: having a developed skills in public speaking is

applicable and useful in life, some of its benefits are: it builds the confidence of a person,
develop the research skill, develop a better writing skill, and mostly, it helps a person in
overcoming the fear in the field of public speaking. Correlate with the study entitled
Effects of Public Speaking Anxiety among Senior High School. (2022, March 17).
Edubirdie. Retrieved December 9, 2022, from https://edubirdie.com/examples/effects-of-
public-speaking-anxiety-among-senior-high-school/.
 According to the research study entitled “Public Speaking Anxiety And Its Effects On
Students” by Hrideep Barot cited in 2019, due to the lack of confidence, students may
feel that they won’t be able to give the speech or perform well in the presentation even
before beginning the task. Negative thoughts of failure and rejection start creeping in.
Performance anxiety is very common among students who have stage fright. So aith
accordance to what Barot cited, public speaking affects students academic performance
due to performance anxiety that the students feel before or during the performance.

Synthesis

To wrap things up, and to summary the literature and the study found by the
researchers, public speaking is a type of process in communicating yourself too other or
to public people. After gathering some information’s, it shows that fear of public
speaking is normal to have as well as it should improve by your oneself. Some of the
studies/literature proposed some strategies and technique how to improve your
communicating skills, to remain confident while talking to other people without thinking
of being misjudged by other people. Learners should not bother themselves about public
speaking, as feeling nervous is normal and as strategies are being proposed by some
authentic information founded. So that, improving your talent to speak, how you deliver
yourself to the public, and to have yourself ready and prepare to talk to other people, was
one of the things that the learners should be able to understand and realize by themselves,
because just like what Ralph Waldo Emerson said “speech is power, speech is to
persuade, to convert, to compel.”
 CHAPTER III
Research Methodology
This chapter presents the research design of the study, the research locale, the
respondents, sampling technique used, data gathering instrument and the data gathering
procedures, validation of the questionnaires and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design
The descriptive method of investigation was used in this study. According to Wil
Kenton (2018) to descriptive statistics are brief descriptive, coefficients that summarize a
given data set, which can be either a representation of the entire or a sample of a
population. Descriptive statistics are broken down into measures of central tendency and
measures of variability (spread). Measures of central tendency include the mean, median,
and mode, while measures of variability include the standard deviation, variances, and
the minimum and maximum variables.

Research Locale
 Figure 2. Map of Sariaya, Quezon
Sariaya is the first class and municipality lying at the south-western portion of
Quezon Province in Region IV-A (CALABARZON). It is geographically situated at
coordinates 13 degrees, 57 minutes and 14 seconds north latitude and 21 degrees, 30
minutes and 15.53 seconds east longitude. It is bounded on the north by Mt. Banahaw, on
the northeast by Tayabas, Quezon; on the east by Lucena City; on the south by the
Tayabas Bay; on the southwest by San Juan Batangas ; and on the west of the Candelaria.
It is located 126 kilometer south of the National Capital Region (Metro Manila) and
approximately 11 kilometers from Lucena city (Provincial Capital). old ancestral
mansions, centuries-old Catholic Church, high quality and safe resorts, and a busy
marketplace are landmarks that make Sariaya a unique and memorable place to
visit(http://www.sariaya.gov.ph,2011).

Figure 3. Geographical Location of CSTC, Inc.

 The research study was conducted at the College of Sciences Technology and
Communications, Inc. located in Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Highway, Poblacion 3.
Arellano Subdivision Sariaya, Quezon. College of Sciences Technology and
Communications, Inc. is one of the private schools in Sariaya that has a state-of-the-art
facility, Wi-Fi campus, highly qualified faculty, and competent technical skills trainors,
well-equipped laboratories and work stations, and limited number of students per class
(www.cstc.edu.ph,2015).
Research Instrument
The researchers used self- structured interview questionnaire. This type of
questionnaire was utilized for the gathering of the qualitative data that will be used in the
study. The primary aim of the questionnaire was both to identify the demographic profile
of the respondents and to determine Strategies In Public Speaking To Help Grade 11
STEM Students of CSTC Sariaya.

Data Gathering Procedures

In order to collect data, first, the researchers identified who are their respondents
and had their permission to be the respondents of the study. Next, the researchers
explained to the respondents the study itself and their significance in conducting it. The
researchers also explained and informed them their rights as respondents of the study.
After that, the researchers started the interview and had the respondents share their
thoughts or insights that will be needed in the study. Finally, the researchers analyzed,
evaluated, and interpreted the data and information from the respondents using different
statistical tools and operationalize reality by summarizing it into a narrative so it will be
easy to analyze.

Validation of the Questionnaire

The researchers used a number of procedures to ensure that the interview
questionnaires to be used as the data gathering instrument were valid, clear and
comprehensible. The researchers prepared a questionnaire in the form of interview
questions that was checked by the research adviser and the assigned grammarian to test
the validity of each of the questions. The researchers also submitted the interview
questionnaire to the statistician to be guided of what statistical treatments were to be
used. Aside from that, they also consulted their subject teacher to check their questions
and to make sure that they are valid. The research adviser then identified the questions
that needed revisions so that the questionnaires were already free of errors before they
were distributed to the respondents.

References

(Busbus, 2015)Glossophobic Experience Amongst MPSPC Philippines Pre-service

Teachers Through Oral Speech Presentations. Retrieved from:
https://journal.unilak.ac.id/index.php/elsya/article/download/5658/2740

Katz (2017) Factors Contributing to Oral Communication Apprehension Among Selected

Senior High School Students in Santa Rosa City, Laguna, Philippines. Retrieved from:
https://apiar.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/2_APJCECT_v5i2_2019_pp.-10-20.pdf
(Mayoclinic 2017) Positive thinking: Stop negative self-talk to reduce stress. Retrieved
from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/positive-
thinking/art-20043950

Lignes, M. W. ., Ormillo, N. K. ., Peralta, J. ., Ebias, K. ., Von, R. J. ., & Edillor, P. M. C.

. (2020). Factors Affecting Fear of Public Speaking among Grade 12 Humanities and
Social Sciences Strand Students in Bestlink College of the Philippines. Ascendens Asia
Singapore – Bestlink College of the Philippines Journal of Multidisciplinary Research,
2(1). Retrieved from:
https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aasgbcpjmra/article/view/2618

( Fagsao, J., & Mi-ing, J. G. 2021) GlossophobicAmongst MPSPC Philippines Pre-

service Teachers Through Oral Speech Presentations. Retrieved from:
https://journal.unilak.ac.id/index.php/elsya/article/view/5658

M. Pontillas, F Talaue (2021), Levels of Oral Communication Skills and Speaking

Anxiety of Educators in Polytechnic College in the Philippines, Journal of Education,
Management and Development Studies Vol. 1 No. 1. Retrieved from:
https://journals.cspc.edu.ph/index.php/jemds/article/view/15

Lucas (2011) Anxiety Level in Students of Public Speaking: Causes and Remedies.
Retrieved from: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1161521.pdf

Fareh (2017) BERNAL, A. I. (2021). The Mediating Effect of Classroom Learning

Environment on the Relationship Between Filipino Language Anxiety and Coping
Strategies. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 3(4), 60–72. Retrieved
from: https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v3i4.725
(Raja 2017) Effects of Public Speaking Anxiety among Senior High School. Retrieved
from: https://edubirdie.com/examples/effects-of-public-speaking-anxiety-among-senior-
high-school/

(Thomas, 2019) Effects of Public Speaking Anxiety among Senior High School.
Retrieved from: https://edubirdie.com/examples/effects-of-public-speaking-anxiety-
among-senior-high-school/

SNU Professional and Graduate Studies (2020) Glossophobia (Fear of Public Speaking):
Are You Glossophobic? Retrieved from: https://www.psycom.net/glossophobia-fear-of-
public-speaking

Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, cited in Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from:

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/public%20speaking.

Carmencita P. Del Villar (July 2010) Beginning Filipino Students’ Attribution About
Oral Communication Anxiety. Retrieved from:
https://academicjournals.org/article/article1380099956_Del%20Villar.pdf

(Grapsy, 2011) PUBLIC SPEAKING. Retrieved

from:;https://www.globalcommproject.com/public-speaking

Study by Del Villar (2015) entitled “Beginning Filipino students’ Attributions about oral
communication anxiety”(Del Villar 2015). Retrieved from:
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p7hilqei/The-study-by-Del-Villar-2015-entitled-
Beginning-Filipino-students-attributions/

Fagsao, J., & Mi-ing, J. G. (2021). Glossophobic Experience Amongst MPSPC

Philippines Pre-service Teachers Through Oral Speech Presentations. Elsya : Journal of
English Language Studies, 3(1), 23-31. Retrieved from:
https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v3i1.5658,
Wu (2010) The Relationship between Language Learners’ Anxiety and Learning Strategy
in the CLT Classrooms. Retrieved from: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1066074.pdf

Adrian Adiwinata “The Students Perception Towards the Effectiveness of Public

Speaking Subject to Support their Speaking Skill” A Descriptive Research of Students at
English Education Department Year 2015 at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar.
Retrieved from: https://digilibadmin.unismuh.ac.id/upload/914-Full_Text.pdf

(Spencer 2018) Effects of Public Speaking Anxiety among Senior High School. (2022,
March 17). Edubirdie. Retrieved January 8, 2023, from:
https://edubirdie.com/examples/effects-of-public-speaking-anxiety-among-senior-high-
school/

Public Speaking Anxiety And Its Effect on Students by Hrideep Barot cited in 2019.
Retrieved from: https://franticallyspeaking.com/public-speaking-anxiety-and-its-effects-
on-students/#:~:text=Due%20to%20the%20lack%20of,students%20who%20have
%20stage%20fright

A Training Design for Public Speaking Anxiety by Charito G. Ong and K Marie D.
Zambas, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines CM Recto
Avenue, Lapasan Highway, Cagayan De Oro City, Philippines 2021. Retrieved from:
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED622427.pdf