Introduction to

Computers
 Objectives Overview
Define the term,
Explain why computer computer, and describe Describe the five
literacy is vital to the relationship components of a
success in today’s world between data and computer
information

Discuss the advantages

Define the term,
and disadvantages that Discuss the uses of the
network, and identify
users experience when Internet and World
benefits of sharing
working with Wide Web
resources on a network
computers

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 Objectives Overview

Distinguish between system Differentiate among types, Describe the role of each
software and application sizes, and functions of element in an information
software computers in each category system

Explain how home users,

Discuss how society uses
small office/home office
computers in education,
users, mobile users, power
finance, government, health
users, and enterprise users
care, science, publishing,
each interact with
travel, and manufacturing
computers

See Page 3
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for Detailed Objectives
 A World of Computers
Computers are everywhere

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 What Is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions
stored in its own memory

Collects Produces
data Processing information
(input) (output)

Information Processing Cycle

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What Is a Computer?

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 The Components of a
Computer
A computer contains many electric, electronic, and
mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device • Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

Output Device • Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that

System Unit are used to process data

Storage Device • Holds data, instructions, and information for future use

Communications • Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and

Device information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

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The Components of a
Computer

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Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Advantages of Disadvantages of
Using Computers Using Computers

Speed Health Risks

Reliability Violation of Privacy

Consistency Public Safety

Storage Impact on Labor Force

Communications Impact on Environment

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 Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Green computing involves reducing the electricity
consumed and environmental waste generated when using
a computer
Strategies include:
◦ Recycling
◦ Regulating manufacturing processes
◦ Extending the life of computers
◦ Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

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 Networks and the Internet
A network is a collection of
computers and devices
connected together, often
wirelessly, via
communications devices
and transmission media

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 Networks and the Internet
The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that
connects millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals

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 Networks and the Internet
People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:

Communicate Research and Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading

Access Information

Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application

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 Networks and the Internet
A social networking Web site encourages members to share their interests, ideas,
stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users
Examples?

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 Computer Software
Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how
to perform them

System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program

Application Software

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 Computer Software
Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer,
and other hardware

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 Computer Software
A programmer develops
software or writes the
instructions that direct the
computer to process data
into information
Examples?

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Categories of Computers
Personal computers

Mobile computers and mobile devices

Game consoles

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded computers

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 Personal Computers
A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage
activities by itself
Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple
◦ Desktop computer

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 Mobile Computers and Mobile
Devices
Mobile Mobile
Computer Device
Personal computer you Computing device
can carry from place to small enough to hold in
place your hand

Examples include
Examples include
smart phones, PDAs,
notebook computers,
handheld computers,
laptop computers,
portable media
notebooks, ultra-thins,
players, and digital
and Tablet PCs
cameras

Pages 20 - 23 20
 Mobile Computers and Mobile
Devices
Notebook computer

Tablet PC

Smart phone

PDA
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Camera Phone
below Chapter 1
Pages 20 - 22
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Figures 1-17 – 1-20
 Mobile Computers and Mobile
Devices
Handheld computer

Portable media player

Digital camera

Pages 22 - 23
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Figures 1-21 – 1-23
 Game Consoles
A game console is a mobile
computing device designed
for single-player or
multiplayer video games
Examples?
Microsoft’s Xbox 360,
Nintendo’s Wii, and Sony’s
PlayStation 3

Page 24
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Figure 1-24
 Servers
A server controls access to
the hardware, software,
and other resources on a
network
◦ Provides a centralized
storage area for programs,
data, and information

Page 25
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Figure 1-25
 Mainframes
A mainframe is a large,
expensive, powerful computer
that can handle hundreds or
thousands of connected users
simultaneously
With mainframes, large
businesses are able to bill
millions of customers, prepare
payroll for thousands of
employees, and manage
thousands of items in
inventory. One study reported
that mainframes process more
than 83 percent of transactions
around the world.

Page 25
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Figure 1-26
 Supercomputers
A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer
◦ Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions
in a single second
◦ Applications requiring complex, sophisticated mathematical calculations use
supercomputers. Largescale simulations and applications in medicine, aerospace,
automotive design, online banking, weather forecasting, nuclear energy research, and
petroleum exploration use a supercomputer

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Figure 1-27
 Embedded Computers
An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a
component in a larger product

Consumer Home Automation Process Controllers Computer Devices

Automobiles
Electronics Devices and Robotics and Office Machines
• Mobile and digital • Thermostats • Antilock brakes • Remote monitoring • Keyboards
telephones • Sprinkling systems • Engine control systems • Printers
• Digital televisions • Security modules • Power monitors • Faxes
• Cameras monitoring systems • Airbag controller • Machine • Copiers
• Video recorders • Appliances • Cruise control controllers
• DVD players and • Lights • Medical devices
recorders
• Answering
machines

Page 26 27
 Embedded Computers

Page 26
28
Figure 1-28
 Elements of an Information
System

Hardware Software Data

People Procedures

Page 27 29
 Elements of an Information
System

Page 27
30
Figure 1-29
 Examples of Computer Usage

Home User Small Office/Home Mobile User

• Personal financial management Office User • Connect to other computers on
• Web access • Look up information a network or the Internet
• Communications • Send and receive e-mail • Transfer information
• Entertainment messages • Play video games
• Make telephone calls • Listen to music
• Watch movies

Pages 28 – 31
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Figures 1-30 – 1-32
 Examples of Computer Usage

Power User Enterprise User

• Work with multimedia • Communicate among
• Use industry-specific employees
software • Process high volumes
of transactions
• Blog

Pages 31 – 32
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Figures 1-33 – 1-34
 Computer Applications in
Society
Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Pages 34 - 36
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Figures 1-36 – 1-39
 Computer Applications in
Society
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
Pages 36 - 38
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Figures 1-40 – 1-43
Video: Computer History in a
Barn

CLICK TO START

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 Summary
Basic computer Components of a
concepts computer

Many different
categories of
Networks, the Internet,
computers, computer
and computer software
users, and computer
applications in society
Page 39 36
 Reading Terms:
1. Cloud Computing (CC)
2. Internet of Things (IoT)
3. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
4. Data Science
5. Cluster Computing
6. Distributed Computing

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 Assignment No 1
 Write a detailed note on evolution of Computers (from 1st computer til date all
advancements in it)
 Make on Microsoft Word

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