Lesson

Producing Multimedia
7 Content

Producing Good Media Content

• Establishing a Thesis Statement: The content is the message the source wishes to convey to the
audience. It should be clear at the start.

• Identifying the Audience: Identify the people you are communicating with through your work. Identify
their preferences, level of understanding, biases, and manner of thinking.

• Determining the Purpose: Determine the purpose of producing a content. This can be entertainment,
teaching, correcting wrong perceptions, calling attention, advertising, or making an appeal.

• Choice of Style: Determine the genre of your content and the nature of your platform. Consider the genre
that you will employ.

• Thinking of Innovation: Consider the latest trends and ideas in the generation.

• Determining the Language: Choose a common language spoken by a vast majority across nations for
maximum understanding.

• Exploring Other Options: Consider if a single medium is enough for you to inform or if multimedia can
help in gaining a wide audience.

• Thinking of What Others Can Give Back: Consider what others can give back to your content. Consider
yourself as an advocate of change for the community and the world through your content.

The U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Effective Healthcare (EHC) continuously fund
research to improve information dissemination of their health advocacies. In one of their research, AHRQ and EHC
were able to come up with four effective communication techniques (2012). Below is the table of the techniques
and their corresponding effectiveness.

Technique Definition Observations

Tailoring the message Communication designed for Tailored communication delivered via print or the
an individual based on Internet is more effective than nontailored
information from the communication in increasing knowledge and
individual. changing behavior. Effect sizes can vary based on
length of follow-up, variables tailored, type of
behavior, population studied, and number of
intervention contacts.
 Targeting the message to Communication designed for Communication that is targeted to audience
audience segments subgroups based on group segments is a strategy used to make information
membership or characteristics more relevant based on group membership
such as age, gender or sex, characteristics. Characteristics can be
race, cultural background, determined by role, demographic, or social
language, and other psychological variables. Metaanalysis shows its
“psychographic” practice is more common in large-scale
characteristics such as a communication efforts due to its potential
person’s attitudes. effectiveness.

Using narratives Communication Narrative forms of communication increase

delivered in the form information processing

of a story, testimonial, or and increase the persuasiveness of messages;

entertainment education. people become transported into a situation that
can enhance emotions, attitudes, and behaviors.

Framing the message Communication that conveys Messages framed as emphasizing the benefits of
the same messages in preventive action are significantly better than
alternate ways (e.g., what is lossframed messages, although the difference is
gained or lost by taking an small.
action or making a choice).

Stages of Production in Multimedia

After all that has been discussed, we are just in step one. This goes to show that careful planning is the key, not
just to achieve our set communication goals, but also to facilitate our production process. You don’t want to end
up with useless materials at the end of your production, do you?

Basically, production of multimedia has three stages, pre-production, production and post-production. If you are a
creator, you must pass through these stages to ensure the quality of your content and maximize your time and
resources.

Smith (2019) explained the stages of production in multimedia in the context of small business. The six steps she
enumerated are practical because it is close to what you can actually do, given all the limitations that we have. As
you read along, consider the situation of content creators working for a client.

Pre-Production Stage

1. Planning Meeting

This kicks-off the multimedia production process. The main goal of this stage is to unify the project team
members in a common vision for the project and to lay out the lines of action each member must do.
 2. Creative Brief and Script Writing

A creative brief is a short, yet detailed summary of a company’s background and the campaign
goals it aims to achieve (Turits, 2019). This may be used for any type of project and may serve as a
blueprint for all creative content projects needed.

Since most multimedia projects entail a story, scriptwriting comes next in the process. A good script will
serve as an outline for content creators to convey the prescribed message to the specified audience within
the definite time. Scripts may be full detailed or may come in the form of sentence outline.

3. Storyboarding to Tie the Elements Together

The ideas laid out in a script needs to be concretized through images and sound. Thus, to accomplish
this, content creators need a story board.

A storyboard is a visual
representation of a film sequence and
breaks down the action into individual
panels. It sketches out how a video
sequence will unfold. A storyboard is
similar to a trial-run for your finished
film, video, or commercial, laid out in a
comic book-like
form. (Studiobinder, 2019)

A storyboard panel for a scene includes a sketch

of the visual elements, the voiceover or
title text, and any
production notes. It guides the process, keeps
everyone in check and gives structure to
the project. (Smith, 2019) "Storyboard" by FngKestrel is licensed under CC BY-
NC-ND 2.0

Production Stage

4. Production and Designing the Visual Aspects

During the design stage, designers take over the visual aspects of the project to determine how it looks
and feels. Aided by the storyboards, the production staff create graphics, shoot photo stills or videos,
record sound, and collect all necessary images. Design is always done with an eye toward the audience.
(Smith, 2019)

In my team’s experience in making short films, proper planning results to a well-executed production
stage, allowing us to economize our time and resources in the process. Documentaries normally take a
longer time for shoots, because the script only serves as guidelines and the creators rely on actual,
unrehearsed and spontaneous footage that characterizes the documentary genre.

Post-Production Stage

5. Review and Editing

This is also called the post-production stage, and it is the most complex of the multimedia development
process. All the sound and visual components are combined in a logical sequence. Editing a one-minute
content can even take hours depending on the requirements specified in the storyboard. Creators who
specialize on same-edit videos such as those done in weddings and other social occasions need intensive
planning and technical preparations to produce the required product. The client always has the final say
on the look of the content, that is why rounds of client review and editing may also happen.

6. User Testing
During this stage, test members of the audience use the multimedia piece while team members observe. Depending on the
goals of the project, the staff might observe users' reactions or have them answer questions to see if the project hits the right
marks. After user testing, there are usually further adjustments to the project. Once the team and clients are satisfied, the
project.

For instance, the children’s TV show “Sesame Street” has been a proponent of early childhood development
worldwide, and many countries have obtained franchise for this show to come up with their national versions, like
“Batibot,” its Filipino counterpart, which came out in the 1980s. Before airing an episode, the producers must test
it with a group of preschoolers to gauge its formative aspect. As a result, stories and characters change, such as
Cookie Monster, the character to eats anything. To educate preschoolers on healthy eating habits, episodes were
created under the “Healthy Habits for Life” curriculum, with Cookie Monster learning about “sometimes food” and
“anytime food” (Merrill, 2019).

"SIFT (The Four Moves): A Guide to Evaluating Digital Content"

• Caulfield's four-step test in evaluating content, SIFT, is a tool for sorting truth from fiction and evaluating sources.

• The four "things to do" moves are:

1. Stop:

• The first step is to ask oneself about the website or source of the information and the reputation of both the claim
and the website.

• If you don't have this information, use other moves to get a sense of what you're looking at.

• If you feel overwhelmed, stop and take a second to remember your purpose.

2. Investigate the source:

• It's important to know what you're reading before reading it.

• Knowing the expertise and agenda of the source is crucial to your interpretation of what they say.

3. Find trusted coverage:

• Sometimes, you care about the claim the article is making.

• The best strategy may be to ignore the source that reached you and look for trusted reporting or analysis on the
claim.

• Understanding the context and history of a claim will help you better evaluate it and form a starting point for
future investigation.

4. Trace claims, quotes, and media back to the original context:

• Much of what we find on the internet has been stripped of context.

• In these cases, you should trace the claim, quote, or media back to the source to see it in its original context and
get a sense if the version you saw was accurately presented.

5. Recontextualizing:

• These moves are about reconstructing the necessary context to read, view, or listen to digital content effectively.

• A key piece of context includes whether they are broadly accepted or rejected.

• When evidence is presented with a certain frame, sometimes it helps to reconstruct the original context in which
the photo was taken or research claim was made.
Photo Essay Creation Guide

Understanding a Photo Essay

• A photo essay is a visual storytelling method that presents a narrative through a series of images.

• A great photo essay evokes emotion and understanding without using words.

Examples of Photo Essays

• Day-in-the-life photo essays: These tell the story of a day in the life of a subject, offering an intimate glimpse into another
human being.

• Historic site photo essays: These capture unique angles, depths, and lighting of historic landmarks.

• Behind-the-scenes photo essays: These capture the working parts of a production.

• Local event photo essays: These document local events like fundraisers, art shows, or festivals.

Creating a Photo Essay Tips

• Research: Research the best photo essays on your topic to ensure the narrative can be executed in a new and interesting
way.

• Follow instincts: Take photos of everything, including overshooting for photojournalism.

• Only use the best images: Only include the key photos necessary to create a visually vivid story.

• Be open-minded: The project may evolve past its initial concept, and the job as a photojournalist is to extract the right
narrative from the images captured.

Creating a Photo Essay in 7 Steps

• Tell a diverse, confident story: Know what you're shooting and why.

• Ensure a wide variety of images: Getting a multitude of shots during the photoshoot ensures you've covered your bases.

• Be a ruthless photo editor: Avoid editing any shot that won't work in your essay.

• Choose your top 10 images: Start with the best 100 photos from your shoot, then narrow them down to the top 25.

• Ask for outside input: Get a trusted, visually sophisticated friend to help you select the top 10 photos.

• Make your final selections: Keep in mind your discussion with your trusted friend.

• Write captions: If the final 10 images could use some text, add it.

Poster Design Tips for Perfect Presentation

• Make the poster easy to read from a distance: Posters should be easy to read from a distance to draw attention
and create hierarchy.
 • Text should have three distinct layers: Headline, Details, and Fine Print.

• High contrast between elements: Bold color palettes and bold type options can grab attention.

• Consider size and location: The poster's location can influence its size, visual clutter, and the appreciation of
the call to action.

• Create mini versions: Posters can be used in various places, enhancing exposure to the design.

• Use one big visual: A dominant image is key, and it should be readable from a distance.

• Use plenty of space: Exaggerated spacing between elements can increase visual impact and readability at
distances.

• Places where extra space can work: Between individual letters, lines of text, interior margins of the canvas,
elements of different types, and the most important element in the design.

Poster Design Tips

Incorporating a Call to Action

• Posters aim to invite people to events, making a call to action crucial.

• The call to action should be prominent in the design, similar to a website or app.

• In poster design, the call to action is often event information or a contact point.

• QR codes can be used to encourage users to scan for information.

Creating Focus with Typography

• Posters can be a creative space for typography.

• Experiment with bolder, wider, bigger typefaces to set the tone for the project.

• Use type that conveys an appropriate mood for the event.

Use a Cool Printing Technique

• Consider using techniques like letterpress, screen printing, foiling, or UV layer.

• These techniques are often reserved for higher-end projects or events.

• Check printer in advance to ensure they can make the prints at the size you need.

D. 10 Tips for More Effective PowerPoint Presentations Dustin Wax

“Oh no! Not another boring PowerPoint presentation! My eyes, my eyes…!!!”

How much does it suck to be in the audience for yet another drawn-out, boring, lifeless slideshow? Worse yet, how
much does it such to be the one giving it?

The truth is, bad PowerPoint happens to good people, and quite often the person giving the presentation is just as
much a victim as the poor sods listening to her or him.

Adding a Flaw to Your Presentation

Writing a Script

• Ensure your script follows good storytelling conventions: beginning, middle, and end, a clear arc, and leaves the audience
wanting more.

One Thing at a Time

• Plan your presentation so that only one new point is displayed at any given moment.

• Bullet points and charts can be revealed one at a time as you reach them.

• Control the flow of information to keep you and your audience in sync.

No Paragraphs

• Avoid putting everything you want to say onto your slides.

• Slides should underline and reinforce what you're saying.

• Save the paragraphs of text for your script.

Paying Attention to Design

• Avoid adding visual "flash" to your slides.

• Use a sans serif font for body text.

• Use decorative fonts only for slide headers, preferably for large headlines.

• Put dark text on a light background.

• Align text left or right.

• Avoid clutter.

Presentation Tips and Techniques

Sparing Images in Presentations

• Use images sparingly to add visual interest and keep audiences engaged.

• Avoid PowerPoint's built-in clipart as it has become tired and clichéd.

• Consider your own presentation manner, including your posture and movement.

Having a Hook

• Start with something surprising or intriguing to grab the audience's attention.

• Use hooks that appeal directly to your audience's emotions.

• The rest of the presentation will be your promise to make the presentation happen or scare them away.

Asking Questions

• Ask questions to arouse interest, pique curiosity, and engage audiences.

• Build tension by posing questions and letting the audience stew before moving to the next slide.

Modulating Your Voice

• Avoid drone presentations and speak as if you were speaking to a friend.

• If maintaining a lively and personable tone of voice is challenging, practice run-throughs can be helpful.

12 Unique Vlogging Tips for Beginners

• Keep Your Videos Interesting: Ensure your videos are engaging and varied to keep your audience engaged.

• Plan Activities and Promote Them: Plan and promote special activities to increase viewer interest and
creativity.

• Collaborate with Other Vloggers: Partner with other vloggers to bring new content and build subscribers.

• Ask Viewers for Recommendations: Ask viewers for their suggestions to improve your content.

• Edit Your Videos: Provide unique content by editing different angles, music, and pictures to make your videos
stand out.

• Mix Life into Your Niche: Mix your life into your vlog to make it more relatable.

• Set a Goal for Yourself: Clearly define your goals and make them clear to your audience.

• Be Consistent: Regularly publish your videos to keep your audience engaged.

• Interact with Your Viewers: Show appreciation for comments and engage with your audience.

• Participate in Trends: Participate in current events or trends to add value to your channel.

• Give Your Channel a Weekly Theme/Series: Stick to a specific topic each week to keep your channel
interesting.

• Practice, Practice, Practice: Practice before uploading your videos to ensure they are fun, entertaining, and
informative.
 Republic of the Philippines
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Ministry of Basic Higher and Technical Education
Tawi-Tawi School of Fisheries
Senior High School
S.Y. 2022-2023
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
NAME:_______________________________________________ DATE:______________

GRADE AND SECTION:______________________________ SCORE:____________

A. Write T if the statement is true; otherwise, write F.

______________1. Community problems and complaints are normal content of citizen journalists’ reports

______________2. Being a watchdog is one of the roles of media in a democratic country

______________3. People become effective agents in promoting tourism through social media.

______________4. A citizen journalist must be equipped with high-end cameras to tell news

______________5. Online selling started during the pandemic.

______________6. E-commerce can be seen even in Facebook.

______________7. Citizen journalism involves the gathering and reporting of news by people who are trained as
professional journalists.

______________8. Citizen journalists have the advantage of capturing news where it happens and as it happens.

______________9. e-commerce refers to products being sold through the internet.

______________10. Social media has nothing to do with tourism.

______________ 11. Media and information have re-made the learning environment.

______________ 12. Media and information literate individuals are in total disconnected to the world.

______________ 13. Creation of jobs is the media’s role in the economy.

______________ 14. Critical thinking is a skill necessary to become a media and information literate individual.

_____________ 15. Communication between media and information literate individuals has become more
complicated.

_____________ 16. The media force feeds information to unwilling receivers.

_____________ 17. Media and Information literate individuals enjoy an improved quality of

life.

_____________ 18. Media and information literate individuals actively participate in politics.

_____________ 19. Only paid online content generates income.

_____________ 20. IT based jobs are needed in the media.

 B. Fill in the blank

___________________1. Synchronized on screen sound that is not the original sound as what
they appear to be
___________________2. Ambiance sound, or the sound incorporated to establish the
environment or surroundings of a scene
___________________3. A movement similar to dolly but with sideward motion
___________________4. Moving the camera lens up and down as if nodding
___________________5. Type of music sourced from the internet that does not require fees
when used
___________________6. A type of tracking shot in which the camera continuously follows the
subject’s action
___________________7. Moving the camera lens to one side or another, as if looking from left
to right or vice versa
___________________8. An MPEG file format preferred for its small size and near-flawless
sound quality
___________________9. Moving the camera up or down without changing its vertical or
horizontal axis ___________________10. The style of solo-narrator reading where all of the
characters are vocalized in a dramatic fashion

C. Identify the correct word within the parentheses to complete the sentences.

____________ 1 (Ubiquitous, Online) learning means that education can

happen anytime, every time.
____________ 2 The grammar of the digital world is (hypertext, linear text).
____________ 3 Real time information dissemination promotes (reflective,
dynamic) interaction.
____________ 4 The communication process nowadays must be (audience,
user)- centered.
____________ 5 The influx of online learning opportunities that allows wide
networking is a clear proof that we are in the (digital,
connected) age.
____________ 6 When it comes to management, MOOCs are (cheaper, more
expensive) compared to traditional learning.
____________ 7 (Analytics, Haptics) provides relevant and reliable
information about the learning process of students.
____________ 8 (Group chats, printed modules) are tools for MOOCs
____________ 9 MOOCs are designed for (small, large) classes.
____________ 10 A MOOC program is (restricted, flexible) for the learner.

Match the items in Column A with items in Column B.

 ANSWER A B

1. serif a. a visual discord in a composition

2. sans serif b. may be done using drones

3. script c. makes the subject look

powerful

4. slab serif d. Lorem ipsum

5. balance e. away from the center

6. contrast f. Lorem ipsum

7. rhythm g. visual equality

8. rule of thirds h. Lorem ipsum

9. color i. canted shot

10. texture j. character is seen from head

to toe.

11. medium close-up k. hue, intensity, value

12. Dutch Angle l. regularly recurring elements

13. bird’s eye view m. perceived feeling of

a surface

14. full shot n.

__________15. low angle shot o. shot from shoulders up

Write SPEED if the term refers to sound media and ROLLING if it refers to motion media.
________ 1. MP3 ________ 6. Pan
________ 2. Dolly ________ 7. FLAC
________ 3. Foley ________ 8. Tilt
________ 4. WAV ________ 9. WMA
________ 5. Truck ________ 10. Pedestal
Identify the dimensions involved in the following multimedia content. Check the
corresponding boxes.

Media Content Text Visual Audio Manipulative

1 Instructions on how to cook pancit
canton on a packaging

2 Textbook for the blind

3 TV advertisement of a shampoo
brand featuring Sarah Geronimo
4 Magic Microphone advertised by a
singing salesperson in a mall.
5 “HirayaManawari” an e-novel by
Chris Oca, accessed through
Wattpad

Identify the dimension most related to the items below. Write text, audio, visual, motion or
manipulative.
_____________ 1. Rubik cube _____________ 11. infographics
_____________ 2. truck _____________ 12. modelling clay
_____________ 3. hip hop beat _____________ 13. mp3
_____________ 4. script _____________ 14. century gothic
_____________ 5. photograph _____________ 15. AAC
_____________ 6. FLAC _____________ 16. zoom
_____________ 7. rule of thirds _____________ 17. rolling shot
_____________ 8. sans serif _____________ 18. haptics
_____________ 9. game app _____________ 19. ttf
_____________ 10. tilt _____________ 20. point of view

Identify the PRIMARY dimension of the following apps. Write text, visual, audio,
motion or manipulative. Practically, all this apps are manipulatives, but two needs
intensive manipulation to be enjoyed.
 ICON NAME YOUR ANSWER

1 Spotify

2 Instagram

3 Twitter

4 Talking Tom

5 Gmail

6 Viber

7 Wattpad

8 Mobile Legends

9 YouTube

10 Pinterest

Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is NOT an example of modern wearable technology?

a. Smart Watches c. Smartphones
b. Fitness Trackers d. Headsets

2. Technology that takes advantage of the user’s sense of touch using computer applications
a. Contextual awareness c. VR Technology
b. Haptics d. Wearable Technology

3. It refers to the model for delivering content online to any person who wants to take a course
with no limit to attendance.
a. Education Model
b. Model of Online Learning
c. Massive Open Online Course
d. Electronic Learning Model
4. Refers to a type of learning that happens anytime, anywhere and with anyone.
a. Global Learning c. Ubiquitous Learning
b. Online Learning d. Virtual Learning

5. A technology that provides a big picture of learning outcomes through available data such as
test results.
a. Analytics c. Online exams
b. Learning trackers d. All of the above

6. the meaning of “.ttf”

a. tapered type font c. true type font
b. text type font

7. typeface that carries a solid or heavy look to text

a. sans serif c. slab serif
b. serif

8. the basic rule in emphasizing a subject in a composition

a. golden ratio c. rule of thirds
b. rule of odds

9. a visual design principle that brings together a composition with similar units
a. balance c. harmony
b. contrast

10. the visual flow of a composition

a. directional movement c. rhythmic pattern
b. perspective

11. a shot where the subject is framed from shoulders up

a. close up c. medium close up
b. extreme close up

12. a shot perfect to show the world where the story takes place
a. extreme wide shot c. long shot
b. full shot

13. another term for Dutch angle

a. canted shot c. worm’s eye view
b. over the shoulder shot

14. a camera angle that makes a subject look powerful and imposing
a. eye level c. low angle
b. high angle
15. a shot taken from an elevated point
a. bird’s eye view c. eye level
b. Dutch angle

16. The core of any media content

a. philosophy c. thesis statement
b. production plan d. visual storytelling technique

17. A summary of a company’s background and goals used in pre-production

a. company profile c. prospectus
b. creative brief d. vision-mission

18. A visual guide used in producing a media content

a. idiot board c. script
b. outline d. storyboard

19. The production stage when editing takes place

a. pre-production c. post-production
b. production d. review

20. A step in media production wherein sample audience views and comments on the produced
material prior to mass release.
a. critiquing c. focus-group discussion
b. editing d. user testing