This document provides brief biographies of 12 masters of architecture, including their dates, education, notable works, and design philosophies. Some of the architects profiled are Philip Johnson, Antoni Gaudi, Frank Gehry, Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, Louis Sullivan, and Norman Foster. Their works spanned from the 19th to 21st centuries and featured a variety of styles including Modernism, Postmodernism, Brutalism, and high-tech architecture. Common themes among their designs were an emphasis on form and function, experimentation with new materials, and sculptural expressions of space.
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Masters of Architecture
This document provides brief biographies of 12 masters of architecture, including their dates, education, notable works, and design philosophies. Some of the architects profiled are Philip Johnson, Antoni Gaudi, Frank Gehry, Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, Louis Sullivan, and Norman Foster. Their works spanned from the 19th to 21st centuries and featured a variety of styles including Modernism, Postmodernism, Brutalism, and high-tech architecture. Common themes among their designs were an emphasis on form and function, experimentation with new materials, and sculptural expressions of space.
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MASTERS OF ARCHITECTURE 5. I.M.
PEI (IEOH MING PEI)
- 1917, CHINA 1. PHILIP JOHNSON - MIT AND HARVARD - DESIGNING HIS FIRST BUILDING AT 36 - STUDIED ARCHITETCURAL YRS OLD ENGINEERING - 1949 – RESIDENCE AT NEW CANAAN, - ECCENTRIC DESIGNS CONNECTICUT (THESIS MASTER - PEI – COBB AND ASSOCIATES DEGREE) – GLASS HOUSE - 1978 – AIA GOLD MEDAL WORKS: - 1979 – PRITZKER ARCHITECTURAL PRINCIPLES: - LOUVRE PYRAMID (PARIS, FRANCE) - MODERNIST TO POSTMODERNIST TO i. RELIANCE ON ABSTRACT ANTI-POSTMODERNIST FORM AND MATERIALS - STIMULATOR OF IDEAS (STONE, CONCRETE, GLASS, WORKS: STEEL) – DISCIPLE OFOF - GLASS HOUSE (NEW CANAAN, GROPIUS CONNECTICUT) ii. SOPHISTICATED GLASS CLAD - SONY TOWER (FORMER AT&T BUILDINGS - HIGH-TECH BUILDING, NYC) MOVEMENT 2. ANTONI GAUDI - BANK OF CHINA TOWER (HONG KONG) - 1852, SPAIN - ESSENSA TOWERS (TAGUIG CITY) - ESCOLA SUPERIOR D'ARQUITECTURA 6. JORN UTZON - CASA VINCENS (FIRST MAJOR - 1918, COPENHAGEN COMMISSION USING GOTHIC REVIVAL - DANISH STYLE) WORKS: WORKS: - SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE (NEW SOUTH - LA SAGRADA FAMILIA (BARCELONA, WALES, AUSTRALIA) SPAIN) i. SCULPTURAL QUALITY OF i. SPANISH ART NOUVEAU – ALVAR AALTO MODERNISMO ii. ORGANIC STRUCTURES OF ii. WARPED FORM OF GOTHIC FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT ARCHITECTURE iii. 1957, WON DESIGN - CASA MILA COMPETITION - CASA BATLLO iv. POSED A VARIETY OF 3. FRANK GEHRY PROBLEMS - 1929, CANADA v. 1966, RESIGNED FROM THE - STUDIED AT UNIVERSITY OF PROJECT – CONSTRUCTION SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND CONTINUED UNTIL SEPT. 1973 HARVARD vi. 1999 – RETURNED AS THE ARCHITECT WORKS: vii. UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE - GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM (BILBAO, - NATIONAL ASSEMBLY BUILDING SPAIN) (KUWAIT) i. ARTISTICALLY DIRECTED 7. KENZO TANGE ATELIER - 1913, OSAKA, JAPAN ii. DECONSTRUCTED - UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO ARCHITECTURAL STYLE - - ENGINEERING DEGREE 1970S - INSPIRED BY LE CORBUSIER'S WORK iii. FUNCTIONAL SCULPTURE AND DECIDED TO BE AN ARCHITECT - DANCING HOUSE (PRAGUE) - VITRA DESIGN MUSEUM (GERMANY) WORKS: i. FIRST POJECT IN EUROPE 4. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT - ST. MARY'S CATHEDRAL (TOKYO) - 1867, RICHLAND CENTER, WISCONSIN i. MODERNISM WITH - SECOND WARD SCHOOL, MADISON TRADITIONAL JAPANESE AND UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN – FORMS MECHANICAL DRAWING AND BASIC ii. 1960S, REJECTED EARLIER MATH COURSES REGIONALISM IN FAVOR OF AN - ADLER AND SULLIVAN (MENTORS) ABSTRACT INTERNATIONAL STYLE WORKS: - PEACE MEMORIAL MUSEUM (HIROSHIMA) - GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM (NYC) 8. LE CORBUSIER (CHARLES EDOUARD i. IN HARMONY WITH HUMANITY JEANNERET-GRIS) AND ENVIRONMENT – - 1887, SWITZERLAND ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE - SWISS – FRENCH - FALLINGWATER (KAUFMANN HOUSE, - CITY PLANNER, BRUTALISM PENNSYLVANIA) - FUNCTIONALISM OF THE MODERN i. PRAIRIE HOUSE – A LONG, MOVEMENT WITH A BOLD LOW BULDING WITH SCULPTURAL EXPRESSIONISM HOVERING PLANES AND HORIZONTAL EMPHASIS - 17 OF HIS ARCHITECTURAL WORKS - 1934, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA WERE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE - BOLD, SYMBOLIC REFERENCES TO SITES CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE AND USE OF GEOMETRY WORKS: - NEW YORK FIVE - MAKING GOOD DESIGN ACCESSIBLE - VILLA SAVOYE (POISSY, FRANCE) TO THE PUBLIC i. PIERRE JEANNERET - ABSTARCTION OF MODERNISM AND ii. HOUSES – A MACHINE FOR THE POSTMODERNISM OF THE LIVING IN CURRENT ERA iii. FIVE POINTS OF - ORNAMENT AND AESTHETICS ARCHITECTURE: - INEXPENSIVE DESIGNS 1. PILOTIS (PILLARS) - 2003, PARALYZED – SPINAL CCRD 2. ROOF GARDEN INFECTION 3. OPEN FLOOR PLAN - 2001, AIA GOLD MEDAL 4. LONG WINDOWS - 2012, DRIEHAUS ARCHITECTURE 5. OPEN FACADES PRIZE - UNITE D'HABITATION (MARSIELLE, FRANCE) WORKS: - NOTRE DAME DU HAUT (RONCHAMP, FRANCE) - DISNEY'S HOTEL (NYC) 9. LOUIS HENRY SULLIVAN i. HUMOR AS AN INTEGRAL PART - 1856, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS OF HIS ARCHITECTURE - FATHER OF SKYCRAPERS - HUMANA BUILDING (LOUISVILLE, - FATHER OF MODERN AMERICAN KENTUCKY) ARCHITECTURE 12. NORMAN FOSTER - “FRESCO SECCO” – INTERIOR - 1935, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND DEDECORATIVE STENCILS - TEAM 4: - 1944 – AIA GOLD MEDAL i. RICHARD ROGERS ii. SUE ROGERS WORKS: iii. WENDY FOSTER iv. NORMAN FOSTER - WAINWRIGHT BUILDING (ST. LOUIS, - 1994, AIA GOLD MEDAL MISSOURI) - 1999, PRITZKER AWARD i. SIMPLE GEOMETRIC FORM - 1983, ROYAL GOLD MEDAL FOR DECORATED WITH ARCHITECTURE ORNAMENTATION – ORGANIC - 1991, GOLD MEDAL OF THE FRENCH SYMBOLISM ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE ii. FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION. - 1990, KNIGHTHOOD - THE SULLIVAN CENTER (CHICAGO) - 1999, LIFE PEERAGE – THE LORD 10. LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE FOSTER OF THAMES BANK - 1886, AACHEN, GERMANY - STONE CARVING WORKS: - INTERNATIONAL STYLE – SEPARATE STRAIN OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE - 30 ST. MARY AXE (THE GHERKIN) – - GOD IS IN THE DETAILS. LONDON, ENGLAND - SIMPICITY OF FORMS: INDUSTRIAL i. HIGH TECH – THE REPITITION STEEL AND PLATE GLASS, CLEAN OF INDUSTRIALIZED UNADORNED INTERIORS MODULAR UNITS IN WHICH PREFAB OFF-SITE- WORKS: MANUFACTURED ELEMENTS ARE FREQUENTLY EMPLOYED - SEAGRAM BUILDING (NYC) - HEARST TOWER (NYC) i. WITH PHILIP JOHNSON 13. OSCAR NIEMEYER ii. ADVANCED STRUCTURAL - 1907, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL TECHNIQUES - PIONEERED CONTEMPORARY iii. LESS IS MORE. ARCHITECTURE IN LATIN AMERICA iv. 38 STOREY - GLOBAL MODERNIST MOVEMENT - FARNSWORTH HOUSE (PLANO, - OVER 500 PROJECTS ILLINOIS) - FEMININE i. MIESIAN ARCHITECTURE ii. HARMONY BETWEEN MAN- WORKS: MADE STRUCTURE AND NATURE - BRASILIA CATHEDRAL (BRASILIA) - BARCELONA PAVILION i. BRAZILIAN BAROQUE STYLE i. WITH LILLY REICH - PENANG STATE MOSQUE (JELUTONG, ii. FOR THE BARCELONA MALAYSIA) EXPOSITION IN1929 14. REMMENT LUCAS KOOLHAS iii. DIFFERENT KIND OF - 1944, NETHERLANDS MARBLES, GLASS AND STEEL - DECONSTRUCTIVIST, MODERNIST, iv. DISMANTLED AFTER THE STRUCTURALIST, HUMANISM EXPOSITION AND MATERIALS - DUTCH ARCHITECT AND URBANIST WERE SENT BACK TO - ZAHA HADID – INTERN GERMANY TO BE REUSED - PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO DESIGN 11. MICHAEL GRAVES WORKS: - BAUHAUS SCHOOL AND FACULTY (DESSAU, GERMANY) - CCTV HEADQUARTERS (BEIJING, i. INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING CHINA) - FAGUS FACTORY (ALFELD, GERMANY) - SEATTLE CENTRAL LIBRARY (SEATTLE, 20. ZAHA HADID WASHINGTON) - 1950, BAGHDAD, IRAQ 15. RENZO PIANO - CONSISTENTLY PUSHES THE - 1937, GENOA, ITALY BOUNDARIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND - FAMILY OF BUILDERS URBAN DESIGN - PARTNERSHIP WITH RICHARD - CONCRETE, STEEL, GLASS ROGERS - SYMBOLS OF SOCIAL PROGRESS - INVENTIVE, ORIGINAL, CIVIC WORKS: - WORLD'S MOST POWERFUL WOMEN - CENTRE GEORGES POMPIDOU - ARTIST OF PEACE – UNESCO i. CONTROVERSIAL DESIGN - 100 MOST INFLUENTIAL PEOPLE IN ii. CULTURAL ICON THE WORLD iii. CULTURAL MACHINE WORKS: iv. EXPOSED UTILITIES - HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTER (BAKU, - THE SHARD (LONDON, ENGLAND) AZERBAIJAN) 16. RICHARD MEIER - VITRA FIRE STATION (GERMANY) - 1934, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY - BEIJING DAXING INTERNATIONAL - RATIONALIST DESIGNS AND USE OF AIRPORT (BEIJING, CHINA) COLOR WHITE - THE OPUS (DUBAI, UAE) - 1984, PRITZKER AWARD- YOUNGEST QUOTES/DICTUMS ARCHITECT - 2008, GOLD MEDAL IN ARCHITECTURE • FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT FROM THE ACADEMY OF ARTS AND o “AN IDEA IS SALVATION BY LETTERS IMAGINATION” – GUGGENHEIM - COUSIN OF PETER EISENMAN, THE MUSEUM, NYC NEW YORK FIVE o “A DOCTOR CAN BURY HIS MISTAKES, BUT AN ARCHITECT CAN OLY ADVISE WORKS: HIS CLIENTS TO PLANT VINES.” – - JUBILEE CHURCH (TRE TESTE, ROME) PRICE TOWER i. WHITE NEO – CORBUSIAN • LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE FORMS o “GOD IS IN THE DETAILS.” – SEAGRAM - THE GETTY CENTER (LOS ANGELES) BUILDING 17. ROBERT VENTURI o “ARCHITECTURE IS THE WILL OF AN - 1925, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA EPOCH TRANSLATED INTO SPACE.” – - CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE S.R. CROWN HALL - SUMMA CUM LAUDE1947 o “LESS IS MORE.” – FARNSWORTH - PARTNERED WITH JOHN RAUSCH HOUSE - 1991, PRITZKER AWARD • LOUIS HENRY SULLIVAN WORKS: o BUT THE BUILDING'S IDENTITY - VANNA VENTURI HOUSE RESIDES IN THE ORNAMENT.” – i. SYMBOLICALLY DECORATED DETAILS OF BAYARD CONDICT ARCHITECTURE BUILDING ii. STRUCTURE AND o “FORM EVER FOLLOWS FUNCTION.” – DECORATION SHOUL REFLECT WAINWRIGHT BUILDING THE CULTURE IN WHICH IT • PHILIP JOHNSON EXISTS o “ARCHITECTURE IS THE ART OF HOW - ALLEN ART MUSEUM (OBERLIN, OHIO) TO WASTE SPACE.” – SEAGRAM 18. SANTIAGO CALATRAVA BUILDING - 1951, VALENCIA, SPAIN • FRANK GEHRY - ARCHITECT, SCULPTOR, STRUCTURAL o ARCHITECTURE SHOULD SPEAK OF ENGINEER ITS TIME AND PLACE, BUT SHOULD - BRIDGING THE DIVISION BETWEEN YEARN FOR TIMELESSNESS.” – STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND BINOCULARS BUILDING ARCHITECTURE o “I DON'T KNOW WHY PEOPLE HIRE - HUMAN BODY AND NATURAL WORLD ARCHITECTS AND THEN TELL THEM - 1979, AUGUSTE PERRET WHAT TO DO.” - OPEN STRUCTURES • LE CORBUSIER WORKS: o “TO CREATE ARCHITECTURE IS TO - TURNING TORSO (MALMO PUT IN ORDER.” – RADIANT CICITY MUNICIPALITY, SWEDEN) PROPOSAL - AUDITORIO DE TENERIFE (SANTA o “ARCHITECTURE IS THE LEARNED CRUZ DE TENERIFE, SPAIN) GAME, CORRECT AND MAGNIFICENT, 19. WALTER GROPIUS OF FORMS ASSEMBLED IN THE LIGHT.” - 1883, BERLIN – PLACE OF ASSEMBLY, CHANDIGAHR - PIONEERS OF MODERN • KENZO TANGE ARCHITECTURE o “ARCHITECTS TODAY TEND TO - FOUNDER OF BAUHAUS SCHOOL DEPRECIATE THEMSELVES, TO WORKS: REGARD THEMSELVES AS NO MORE THAN JUST ORDINARY CITIZENS WITHOUT THE POWER TO REFORM THE FUTURE.” – HIROSHIMA PEACE MEMORIAL MUSEUM • WALTER GROPIUS o “ARCHITECTURE BEGINS WHERE ENGINEERING ENDS.” – TEMPLE OHEB SHALOM, BALTIMORE • OSCAR NIEMEYER o “MY WORK IS NOT ABOUT”FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION”, BUT”FORM FOLLOWS BEAUTY” OR, EVEN BETTER, “FORM FOLLOWS FEMININE.” – BRASILIA • BUCKMINSTER FULLER o “WHEN I'M WORKING ON A PROBLEM, I NEVER THINK ABOUT BEAUTY. BUT WHEN I'VE FINISHED, IF THE SOLUTION IS NOT BEAUTIFUL I KNOW IT'S WRONG.”