CHAPTER 14 RESONANCE IN AC CIRCUITS 323

The voltages which appear across the reactive components can be many
Terms and concepts
times greater than that of the supply. The factor of magnification, the
continued
voltage magnification in the series circuit, is called the Q factor.
An RLC series circuit accepts maximum current from the source at res-
onance and for that reason is called an acceptor circuit.
In a parallel RLC network, the expression for the resonant frequency can
be regarded as being the same as the expression for the equivalent
series circuit.
The lowest current from the source occurs at the resonant frequency of a
parallel circuit hence it is called a rejector circuit.
At resonance, the current in the branches of the parallel circuit can be
many times greater than the supply current. The factor of magni-
fication, the current magnification in the parallel circuit, is again called
the Q factor.
At the resonant frequency of a resonant parallel network, the impedance
is wholly resistive. The value of this impedance is known as the
dynamic resistance and also, though the quantity is resistive, as the
dynamic impedance.

Exercises 14

1. A series circuit comprises an inductor, of resistance 5. An e.m.f. whose instantaneous value at time t is
10 Ω and inductance 159 µH, and a variable capacitor given by 283 sin(314t + π/4) volts is applied to an
connected to a 50 mV sinusoidal supply of frequency inductive circuit and the current in the circuit is
1 MHz. What value of capacitance will result in reson- 5.66 sin(314t − π/6) amperes. Determine: (a) the
ant conditions and what will then be the current? frequency of the e.m.f.; (b) the resistance and induc-
For what values of capacitance will the current at this tance of the circuit; (c) the active power absorbed. If
frequency be reduced to 10 per cent of its value at series capacitance is added so as to bring the circuit
resonance? into resonance at this frequency and the above e.m.f. is
2. A circuit consists of a 10 Ω resistor, a 30 mH inductor applied to the resonant circuit, find the corresponding
and a 1 µF capacitor, and is supplied from a 10 V expression for the instantaneous value of the current.
variable-frequency source. Find the frequency for Sketch a phasor diagram for this condition.
which the voltage developed across the capacitor is a Explain why it is possible to have a much higher
maximum and calculate the magnitude of this voltage. voltage across a capacitor than the supply voltage in a
3. Calculate the voltage magnification created in a reson- series circuit.
ant circuit connected to a 230 V a.c. supply consisting 6. A coil, of resistance R and inductance L, is connected
of an inductor having inductance 0.1 H and resistance in series with a capacitor C across a variable-frequency
2 Ω in series with a 100 µF capacitor. Explain the source. The voltage is maintained constant at 300 mV
effects of increasing the above resistance value. and the frequency is varied until a maximum current
4. A series circuit consists of a 0.5 µF capacitor, a coil of of 5 mA flows through the circuit at 6 kHz. If, under
inductance 0.32 H and resistance 40 Ω and a 20 Ω these conditions, the Q factor of the circuit is 105,
non-inductive resistor. Calculate the value of the res- calculate: (a) the voltage across the capacitor; (b) the
onant frequency of the circuit. When the circuit is values of R, L and C.
connected to a 30 V a.c. supply at this resonant fre- 7. A constant voltage at a frequency of 1 MHz is main-
quency, determine: (a) the p.d. across each of the three tained across a circuit consisting of an inductor in
components; (b) the current flowing in the circuit; series with a variable capacitor. When the capacitor is
(c) the active power absorbed by the circuit. set to 300 pF, the current has its maximum value.
324 SECTION 1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES

Exercises 14 continued

When the capacitance is reduced to 284 pF, the 9. Calculate, from first principles, the impedance at res-
current is 0.707 of its maximum value. Find (a) the onance of a circuit consisting of a coil of inductance
inductance and the resistance of the inductor and 0.5 mH and effective resistance 20 Ω in parallel with a
(b) the Q factor of the inductor at 1 MHz. Sketch the 0.0002 µF capacitor.
phasor diagram for each condition. 10. A coil has resistance of 400 Ω and inductance of
8. A coil of resistance 12 Ω and inductance 0.12 H is 318 µH. Find the capacitance of a capacitor which,
connected in parallel with a 60 µF capacitor to a 100 V when connected in parallel with the coil, will produce
variable-frequency supply. Calculate the frequency at resonance with a supply frequency of 1 MHz. If a sec-
which the circuit will behave as a non-reactive resistor, ond capacitor of capacitance 23.5 pF is connected in
and also the value of the dynamic impedance. Draw parallel with the first capacitor, find the frequency at
for this condition the complete phasor diagram. which resonance will occur.