DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE

I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, the students are expected to:
1. Identify polar and non-polar molecules given its structure,
2. Differentiate polar and non-polar molecules and
3. Perceive the value of knowing when an atom or a molecule is polar or not.
II. TOPIC : Molecular Polarity
Reference : Department of Education, Philippines. (Year). Senior High School Self
Learning Kit for molecular polarity.
: https://youtu.be/nqi6aTopejk?si=NmeDCQ6c1dwRp-VZ

Materials : 3D visual aids, worksheets, laptop and chalk.

Strategies Used : Comparing and inferring
Values Integration : Take responsibility in the proper application of non-polar and
polar solutions.

III. PROCEDURE

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

1..Preliminary Activities

A. Prayer Classmates, let us pray. In the name…..

Everybody stand and let us pray.
Cecill, please lead the prayer.
(Sign of the Cross)
Amen
(Sign of the cross)

B. Checking of Attendance
Greetings:
Good afternoon class.

Good afternoon and Mabuhay ma’am

Secretary, are there absentees for today? Minguita.
I’m glad to hear that.
 C. Review of the Past Lesson
I’m glad to tell that there are no absentees
for today, Ma’am!

2. Motivation

Today, we have new lesson.

Are you ready to listen? Yes, we’re ready!

Have you ever hear the saying, “oil and water don’t mix?

If yes what happened? Yes ma’am.

Yes Jenipe?

The two substances did not mix together

because they are both non-polar molecules,
they both repel each other, there is no
attraction occurred.
Superb Jenipe, that’s right.
But how do we identify if the molecules are non-polar or
polar?

Today let us find out more how to determine if a molecule

is polar or non-polar, to also know if it can be group
together or not.

3.Lesson Proper
 A. Activity

Mixing Oil & Water Science experiment.

Now, Let’s start with a simple experiment.

For this easy science experiment, we observe exactly what

does happens when we mix oil and water, then we’ll add
another item to the mix to see how it changes!

I have here the materials needed for the experiment, what

are you going to do is get the materials needed and follow
the steps. I will give questions after this experiment so
observe attentively.

Each group of learners will be given activity.

Each group will choose a representative to present their
outputs. The presentation of outputs will be graded through
the rubrics.
Now, I will group the whole class into three groups. You’re
given 10 minutes to do the experiment.

Start counting Myrine.

Find your members and we will start in a count of five. 1,

2,3,4,5 start!

ACTIVITY I: POLARITY
EXPERIMENT

Materials:
• Water
• Vinegar
• Vegetable oil
• Test tubes or graduated cylinder
• Stirring rod

Procedure:

-Mix the following samples well with a

spoon and observe their reactions.

-Stir the mixture. Remember to wash and

dry the stirring rod after each use.

a. Water + vinegar

b. Water + oil

c. Oil + dish soap

Question 1. Does the oil behave the same

when you added it to the water?

Absolute answer: The first thing you will

observe is that oil and water will not stay
mixed together, no matter how hard you
shake the jar.
Question 2. Observe what happens to the
oil and the water and write down your
findings. Did the oil and water stay mixed
together? Was your hypothesis correct? Do
you think there is anything else that can be
added to the jar to prevent the oil and water
from separating?

Absolute answer: The oil slowly rises to

the top of the water. This is because of the
density of the two liquids. Density is a
measure of the mass per unit volume of a
substance. Water has a density of 1 g/mL
(g/cm3). Objects will float in water if their
density is less than 1 g/mL. Objects will
sink in water if their density is greater than
1 g/mL. The oil is LESS dense than the
water. This is because the molecules of oil
are larger than the molecules of water, so
oil particles take up more space per unit
area. As a result, the oil will rise to the top
of the water.

Question 3. Observe what happens to the

oil and the water now that the dish soap has
been added to the mix. Write down your
findings. Did the oil and water stay mixed
together this time? Do you know why
adding the dish soap preventing the oil and
water from separating?

Absolute answer:

When oil, water and dish soap are mixed

together, the oil and water don’t separate
like they did when they were the only two
items in the jar. This is because of the
chemistry of the oil, water and soap
molecules.

Oil (and other fats) are made of nonpolar

molecules, meaning they cannot dissolve in
water. Water is made of polar molecules
that can dissolve other polar molecules.
Soap is made of molecules that have a
hydrophilic (“water-loving”) end and a
hydrophobic (“water-fearing”) end.
Without soap, water and oil cannot interact
because they are unlike molecules. When
you add soap to the mixture, the
hydrophobic end of the soap molecule
breaks up the nonpolar oil molecules, and
 the hydrophilic end of the soap molecule
links up with the polar water molecules.
Now that the soap is connecting the fat and
water, the non-polar fat molecules can be
carried by the polar water molecules. Now
the oil and water can be mixed together and
stay mixed together!

In conclusion to this experiment we found out that

oils and fats do not dissolve in water, just like how
we clean plates and utensils we cannot clean it by just
water alone, but why?

That’s the question that we will explore to our new

topic.

B. Analysis
Now that you’re done with the experiment,
What did you feel while doing the activity?
What did you learn about the activity?
Through the Polarity Experiment, we
observed that oil and water initially do not
mix due to differences in density, with oil
floating on top. However, when dish soap is
 added, the mixture remains mixed. This is
because soap molecules have both
hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends,
allowing them to interact with both oil and
water molecules and preventing their
separation. This experiment demonstrates
the significance of molecular polarity in
achieving desired outcomes, such as
emulsifying oil and water.

(The teacher will let the learners group the samples together
according to how well they mix).
You try to recall simple chores you do at home such as
washing out oil from pans. These substances can be
classified as polar and non-polar substances. The difference
in polarity explains why certain combinations mix and not
others.

Now, I will show you two pictures.

In picture shows playing Tug of War game

What is the game shown in the pictures? ma’am.

That’s right! Have you tried playing this game with your
friends or classmates? Can you describe each team? Who is
the team going to win? In a tug of war game, the team with more
people on one side typically has a greater
Yes Myrine?
force of pulling, resulting in an imbalance
favoring the larger team.

Absolute answer Myrine. Thank you.

This time let’s try to relate our topic in this scenario. In

picture A, the two princesses are pulling the prince toward
to them. It shows that the prince is equally shared to the
princesses. In covalent bond, it would be classified as non-
polar since the bonding electrons are evenly shared.

In picture B, it clearly shows that unbalanced number of

persons in each side. Let us say that the 2 persons is
hydrogen (H) and the 7 persons is fluorine (F), the
electrons of two bonded atoms will not share equally. This
bond is called polar. In this case, it will form HF, fluorine is
more electronegative than H. F attracts bonding electron
pair closer to itself then it will become polarized. As a
result, F end is partially negative and the atom of hydrogen
becomes partially positive
C. Abstraction

The molecular
polarity refers to The molecular polarity refers to the total of
the total of the the bond polarity of bonded molecules.
Polarity happens when there is equal or
bond polarity of unequal distribution of charges of atoms in
a molecule.
 The polar molecule is asymmetric,
bonded meaning the distribution of electrons in a
covalent bond is not equal. It also contains
lone pairs of electrons on the central atom
molecules. In this or atom is bonded with different
electronegativity values.

case, first we must

have to determine if a
molecule is a polar or The two bonding atoms with different
electronegativity values will result to have a
non-polar. A non- bond polarity. When molecules become
more complex will result to have a

polar molecule is molecular polarity.

symmetric. If a
molecule is
symmetric meaning
all electrons are
equally shared or
bonded.
Everybody read.
In the case of water and Oil, they will never mix because
water is a polar molecule while oil is a nonpolar molecule.
Now let’s take a closer look how these two types of
molecules differ.
Continue reading.

Water (H2O) is an example of molecule composed of two

hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Let’s take a closer
look of a molecular structure of Water.

Notice that oxygen there has only 6 electrons in its

outermost shell ( ) we call this valence electron.

As discussed in our last topic. Octet Rule states that atoms

tend to gain, share or transfer electrons in order to attain a
stable 8 valence electron configuration. Therefor oxygen
needs two more electrons to become stable. Hydrogen is an
exception to the rule since it has only one electron in its
shell. To become stable hydrogen needs one more electron.
Since they both needs electrons to become stable they will
share electrons with each other.
 Forming

Oxygen now has 8 electrons and

hydrogen has 2 hydrogen. Making each
atom stable.

And this relative ability of an atom to draw electrons in a

bond toward itself is called Electronegativity of the atom.

And because oxygen has many electrons and became denser

compared to hydrogen then it will have higher
electronegativity and has more strength to attract electrons
giving it a partial negative charge (δ-). On the other hand
hydrogen has a lower electronegativity that’s why it will
result to a partial positive (δ+).

This unequal sharing of electrons between atoms create a

dipole moment or two poles (positive and negative). We A non-polar molecule is symmetric. If a
will represent this with an arrow pointing towards oxygen . molecule is symmetric meaning all
 electrons are equally shared or bonded

However, please read.

Lets have Oxygen gas 2 (O2) as an example.

Oxygen has six valence electrons

the two oxygen atoms with the
same electronegativity combined
and spread evenly between the two
atoms. Since a pair of electrons is
shared equally between atoms,
there is no partial charge created
hence no dipole moment therefore
oxygen gas is a non-polar molecule.

The electronegativity difference can be calculated by

getting the electronegativity value of the given molecules in
the periodic table of elements.

There you can see the electronegativity value under the

element symbol. Each electronegativity value increases
from left to right which means non-electronegative metals
than electronegativity metals.

So, we have to remember this bond range,

For example in H2O.

2.1 is the Ve for H

3.5 is the Ve of Oxygen

3.5 – 2.1 = 1.4

Since the value is 1.4 and is within the o.5 – 2.0 range.
Then it is polar.
Note: The greater the electronegativity difference, the
greater the polarity of the molecule.

For the Oxygen gas O2 (O2)

D. Application
Now, Its your turn to practice!
Let us see how far you have learned this topic.
 .

Answer:

Generalization:
Who wants to sum up our lesson today?
Yes, Jennirose?
 Answer:

1. In polar bond, there is an unequal sharing

of electrons between and among atoms.

2. In non-polar bond, there is an equal

sharing of electrons between and among
atoms.

3. The electronegativity is the ability of an

atom in a molecule to attract electrons. As
electronegativity increases, the attraction
of the atom for electrons increases.

4. The polarity is a result of uneven

distribution of charges of atoms in a
Superb Jennirose, that just mean that you understand the molecule.
lesson carefully.
VALUES INTEGRATION 5. The non-bonding electrons are called
lone pairs. The bonded electrons are
called bonding pairs.
It is important also to note that Taking responsibility in the
proper application of non-polar and polar solutions ensures
safety, effectiveness, efficiency, and environmental protection. 6. In chemistry this symbol has a
meaning of: -, partially negative and +,
partially positive.

4.Assessment/Evaluation

Answer:
Assignment

No Assignment

Prepared by:
_Ma. Jessibel C. Minguita__
Students-teacher

Checked & Approved by:

Chadi C. Ramirez
Cooperating teacher