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Sections 3.4

1) Logarithmic differentiation can be used to find derivatives of logarithmic functions and expressions involving logarithms. 2) Taking the natural logarithm of both sides of an equation first allows derivatives of logarithmic expressions to be found using standard derivative rules. 3) Logarithmic differentiation can be used to find the equation of a tangent line by first taking the natural logarithm of both sides of the function and then applying derivative rules.

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31 views

Sections 3.4

1) Logarithmic differentiation can be used to find derivatives of logarithmic functions and expressions involving logarithms. 2) Taking the natural logarithm of both sides of an equation first allows derivatives of logarithmic expressions to be found using standard derivative rules. 3) Logarithmic differentiation can be used to find the equation of a tangent line by first taking the natural logarithm of both sides of the function and then applying derivative rules.

Uploaded by

samueldeegan0130
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SECTION 3.

4 DERIVATIVES OF
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS: OBJECTIVES
Differentiate logarithmic functions
Use logarithmic differentiation
Express 𝑒 as a limit
DIFFERENTIATE LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTIONS
THEOREM Derivative of a Logarithmic Function
The derivative of the logarithmic function 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 , 𝑥 > 0, 𝑎 >
0, and 𝑎 ≠ 1, is
′
𝑑 1
𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑥>0
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 ln 𝑎
THEOREM Derivative of the Natural Logarithmic Function
The derivative of the natural logarithmic function 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 , 𝑥 > 0
is
′
𝑑 1
𝑦 = ln 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
DIFFERENTIATING LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTIONS EXAMPLES

𝑑 𝑑 1 3(ln 𝑥)2
3
ln 𝑥 = 3(ln 𝑥)2 ln 𝑥 = 3(ln 𝑥)2 ⋅ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

𝑑 1 𝑑 1 1 1 1
log 𝑥 = log10 𝑥 = ⋅ =
𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 3 3 𝑥 ln 10 3𝑥 ln 10

𝑑 2
𝑑 1 2
log 3 𝑥 = 2 log 3 𝑥 = 2 ⋅ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 ln 3 𝑥 ln 3
DIFFERENTIATING LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTIONS EXAMPLES 2
𝑑 1 4 1
(ln(4𝑥)) = 4 = =
𝑑𝑥 4𝑥 4𝑥 𝑥
𝑑 2
𝑑 2
𝑑
(𝑥 ln(𝑥 + 1)) = 𝑥 ⋅ (ln(𝑥 + 1)) + (𝑥) ⋅ ln(𝑥 2 + 1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 2𝑥 2
=𝑥⋅ + 1 ⋅ ln 𝑥2 +1 = + ln(𝑥 2 + 1)
𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 +1
USE LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION
𝑥 3 4𝑥 + 5
Find 𝑦′ if 𝑦 = .
(2𝑥 − 1)2

Solution: It is easier to find 𝑦′ if we take the natural logarithm of each side


first.
𝑥 3 4𝑥 + 5 1
ln 𝑦 = ln = 3 ln 𝑥 + ln(4𝑥 + 5) − 2 ln(2𝑥 − 1)
(2𝑥 − 1)2 2
𝑑 𝑑 1
ln 𝑦= [3 ln 𝑥 + ln(4𝑥 + 5) − 2 ln(2𝑥 − 1)]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑦′ 3 4 2
= + −
𝑦 𝑥 2(4𝑥 + 5) 2𝑥 − 1
′
3 4 2
𝑦 =𝑦 + −
𝑥 2(4𝑥 + 5) 2𝑥 − 1
𝑥 3 4𝑥 + 5 3 4 2
= ⋅ + −
(2𝑥 − 1)2 𝑥 2(4𝑥 + 5) 2𝑥 − 1
USING LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION TO
FIND AN EQUATION OF A TANGENT LINE
𝑥 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥
Find an equation of the tangent line to the graph of 𝑓 𝑥 = at the
1+𝑥
point (1,1).
1
Solution: ln 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 − ln(1 + 𝑥)
2

𝑦′ 1 3𝑥 2 + 3 1
= + 3
− ⇒ 𝑦 ′ = 𝑓′(𝑥)
𝑦 𝑥 2(𝑥 + 3𝑥) 1 + 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 1 3𝑥 2 + 3 1
= ⋅ + −
1 + 𝑥 𝑥 2(𝑥 3 + 3𝑥) 1 + 𝑥

4 3 1 5
So, the slope of the tangent line is 𝑓 ′ 1 = ⋅ 1+ − = .
2 4 2 4

5 5 1
This makes the equation of the tangent line 𝑦 − 1 = 𝑥−1 ⇒𝑦 = 𝑥− .
4 4 4

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