+2 PHYSICS EXAMINATION 2023

THREE MARK QUESTIONS

1. a) Define electric field intensity at a point.

b) Derive an expression for electric field intensity at a point due to a point charge.
Ans: a) The force experienced per unit positive charge at a point is called electric field intensity at that point.
b) E
+q +q0
F
Electric field intensity at a point E=
q0
1 qq 0
By Coulomb’s law F=
4 π ε0 r 2
1 qq0
There fore E=
4 π ε0 q0 r 2
1 q
that is E=
4 π ε0 r 2
This is the expression for electric field intensity at a point.
2. The variation of electric charge with electric potential in a device is given below.

a) Identify the device.

b) What does the slope of the graph represents?
b) The area under the graph gives ---------------
Ans: a) Capacitor.
b) Capacitance.
c) Energy stored in the capacitor.
3. Vector form of a law can be written as ⃗J=σ E ⃗ . The equation is an equivalent form of famous law.
a) Name the law.
b) State the Law.
c) Give any one limitation of the law.
Ans: a) Ohm’s law.
b) At constant temperature the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the
potential difference applied.
c) It obeys only at constant temperature.
4. Michael Faraday observed the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
a) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Write its mathematical form.
b) Write the expression for motional emf.
Ans: a) Faraday’s law:
1. When ever there is a change in magnetic flux linked with a circuit an emf is always
induced in it.
2. The magnitude of induced emf is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux.

LUKMEN SHARIF P , HSST (HG) PHYSICS

 +2 PHYSICS EXAMINATION 2023
THREE MARK QUESTIONS

dϕ d ϕE
Mathematical form: V= or ∫ E . dl=
dt dt
b) Motional emf V = Blv
5. Transformers either increase or decrease AC voltage.
a) What is the principle of a transformer.
b) Write two energy losses that are associated with a transformer? How can we overcome these?
Ans: a) Mutual induction is the principle of transformer.
b) Copper loss. By using thick copper wires.
Iron loss . By using thin laminated soft iron core.
6. A periodic variation in electric and magnetic fields that propagates through space is called electromagnetic
waves.
a) Write the expression for electric field and magnetic field intensity at any instant .
b) Write any two properties of electro magnetic waves.
Ans: a) For an electro magnetic wave travelling in positive z-direction,
Electric field intensity Ex =E0 sin (kz-ωt) and
Magnetic field intensity By=B0sin (kz-ωt)
b) 1. They are transverse waves.
2. They are electrically neutral.
7. (a) State Gauss’s theorm.
(b) Give the equation for electric flux through a given surface when the angle between electric field and
area is 450.
(c) What is the flux through the surface if the surface is parallel to the lines of force.
Ans: (a) Gauss’s theorm states thaat the total electric flux through a closed surface in vacuum,
q
ϕ=
ε0
Where ‘q’ is the net charge enclosed by the surface.
(b) Electric flux Φ = ES cos 45.
(c) Zero.
8. Derive an expression for capacitance of a parallel plate air capacitor.
Ans: By Gauss’s theorm electric field between two equal and oppositely charged parallel plate is given by
E= σ
ε0
q
But σ =
A
q
Therefore E=
A ε0
Thus q= ε0 AE ----------------(1)
Also Electric potential difference V = Ed --------(2)
q
By definition of capacitance C=
V
Substituting (1) and (2)
ε0 AE
C=
Ed
LUKMEN SHARIF P , HSST (HG) PHYSICS
 +2 PHYSICS EXAMINATION 2023
THREE MARK QUESTIONS

ε0 A
Thus capacitance C=
d
9. (a) Give the expression for magnetic lorentz force.
(b) “A stationary charge in a magnetic field does not experience any force.”- Justify the statement.
(c) Give two conditions for zero magnetic lorentz force.
Ans: (a) Magnetic lornetz force F = q (VxB) or F= qVB sin θ
(b) If the charge is at rest , v=0 then F=0.
(c) (i) if the charge is at rest.
(ii) If the charge moves parallel or anti parallel to the direction of magnetic field.
10. What do you meant by motional emf? Derive an expression for it.
Ans: The emf induced by the motion of a conductor in a magnetic field is called motional emf.

the total magnetic flux linked with loop PQRS is given by

Φ= Blx
By Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction,
dϕ
Motional emf V =
dt
d (Blx)
V=
dt
dx
V =Bl
dt
Therefore Motional emf , V= Blv.
11. (a) Give the expression for RMS value of alternating current.
(b) Show that in a resistor only ac circuit the voltage and current are in same phase.
I
Ans: (a) RMS value of alternating current I rms = 0
√2
(b)

The AC voltage applied to the resistor, V=V0sinωt-----(1)

By Ohm’s law V= IR
V
Therefore I=
R
V 0 sin ω t
I=
R
When sinωt=1 the current is maximum , I=I0

LUKMEN SHARIF P , HSST (HG) PHYSICS

 +2 PHYSICS EXAMINATION 2023
THREE MARK QUESTIONS
V0
I 0=
R
There fore the current through the circuit, I=I0sinωt-----(2)
Comparing (1) and (2) we can see that voltage and current are in phase.
12. (a)Draw the reflecting path of parallel rays approaching a concavemirror.
(b) Derive the relation between focal length and radius of curvature for a concave mirror.
Ans: (a)

(b) Relation between Radius of curvature and focal length:

AP AP
From the diagram θ = = ----------(1)
CP R
AP AP
2 θ= = ------(2)
FP f
AP AP
Substituting (1) in (2) 2 =
R f
R
Therefore R=2f or f =
2
13. Fill in the blanks:

Object Position Image Position Size of image Nature of image

At infinity ------------------ Point sized Real
--------------------- Between F and C Small Real and inverted
At C At C -------------------- Real and inverted

LUKMEN SHARIF P , HSST (HG) PHYSICS

 +2 PHYSICS EXAMINATION 2023
THREE MARK QUESTIONS

Between C and F Behind C Enlarged

-------------------- At infinity Highly enlarged Real and inverted
Between F and P Behind Mirror ----------------- Virtual and erect

Ans:
Object Position Image Position Size of image Nature of image
At infinity Focus F Point sized Real
Beyond C Between F and C Small Real and inverted
At C At C Same as that of the object Real and inverted
Between C and F Behind C Enlarged Real and inverted
At F At infinity Highly enlarged Real and inverted
Between F and P Behind Mirror Enlarged. Virtual and erect

14. (a) Define wavefront.

(b) Explain three types of wavefront.
Ans: (a) The wavefront is defined as the locus of all points which have the same phase of vibration.
(b) Common types of wavefront:
(i) Spherical wave front: The wave front originating from a point source.
(ii) Cylindrical wave front: The wave front originating from a line source or narrow slit.
(ii) Plane wavefront: The wave front originating from a source at infinity.

15. (a) Give the expression for orbital radius of electron in an nth orbit of hydrogen atom.
(b) What do you meant by Bohr radius? Give its value.
ε0 n2 h2
Ans: (a) r=
π m e2
(b) The radius of lowest orbit (n=1) is called Bohr radius.
Bohr radius a0 = 0.53A0

LUKMEN SHARIF P , HSST (HG) PHYSICS