Semester Project Report

For the Course

EE-215 Electronic Devices and Circuits
POWER SUPPLY

Group Members
Osaid Ahmad 336091

Degree 42
Syndicate C
Submitted to Lab Engr. Azmat

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

NUST College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering (CEME)

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POWER SUPPLY

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❖ Table of Contents

S No. Topic Page No.

1. What is Power Supply? 3

2. Project Requirements 3
3. Components Used 4
4. Calculations 7
5. Working 9
6. Circuit Simulation 10
7. Conclusion 10

❖ What is Power Supply?

A power supply is a hardware component that supplies power to an electrical device. It converts the
current from AC (alternating current) to DC (direct current), which is what the most systems require. It
also regulates the voltage to an adequate amount, which allows the devices to run smoothly without
overheating. Power supplies are designed to handle fluctuations in electrical current and still provide a
regulated or consistent power output. Some power supplies also include fuses that will blow if the surge
is too great, protecting the rest of the equipment.

❖ Project Requirements

• Input : AC voltage of 220 Vrms having frequency of 50 Hz

• Output : (a) DC voltage of const. 5V with 1A current (Terminal A)
(b) DC voltage of 1.2V to 24V with 0.5A current (Terminal B)
(c) DC voltage of -1.7V to -24V with 0.5A current (Terminal C)

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❖ Components Used

S No. Component Specifications Quantity Picture

1 Breadboard N/A 3

2 Rectifier Bridge LT KBJ608G 2

3 Capacitor 4700 µF 2

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 220 Ω
4 Resistor and 1+1
247 Ω

5 Potentiometer 10 kΩ 2

6 Voltage Regulator 7805 1

7 Voltage Regulator LM317T 1

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8 Voltage Regulator LM337T 1

9 Heat Sink Aluminum 3

10 Fuse 1A 1

Step Down
11 18 V 1
Transformer

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 ❖ Calculations
▪ Capacitance Value

We know that charge stored on the plates of capacitor is given by:

Q
C= [Q = It]
V
It
C= (equ i)
V

• Current (I)

The maximum allowable current I is 2A

• Time (t)

We know that the frequency of an AC signal is 50 Hz. Therefore, the corresponding time period becomes:

1
T=
f
1
T=
50 𝐻𝑧

T = 20 ms

Since t is the half of time period, therefore:

T
t=
2

20 ms
t=
2

t = 10 ms

• Voltage (V)

Voltage of Primary Coil = Vp = 220V Voltage of Secondary Coil = Vs = 24V

Since the required voltage must be equal to 20% of the input voltage across the secondary coil, therefore:

V = 24V × 20%

V = 24V × 0.2

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 V = 4.8 V

Putting these values in equ (i), we get:

(2A) (10 × 10−3 s)

C=
4.8 V

C = 4167 μF

Available capacitor (having capacitance closest to our value) is of 4200 μF.

▪ Resistance Values

We used a 10 kΩ potentiometer as R2

1. +1.2 V to +24 V Output

For minimum voltage : R2 = 0 kΩ and Vout = +1.25 V

For maximum voltage : R2 = 10 kΩ and Vout = +24 V

Therefore, by applying voltage divider rule:

𝑅 + 𝑅2
𝑉𝑖𝑛 = ( ) × 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑅

𝑅 + 10 × 103
24 𝑉 = ( ) × 1.25 𝑉
𝑅

Re-arranging the above equation, we get:

R = 581.395 Ω

The chosen value of resistance is R = 247 Ω

2. – 1.7 V to – 24 V Output

For minimum voltage : R2 = 0 kΩ and Vout = – 1.25 V

For maximum voltage : R2 = 10 kΩ and Vout = – 24 V

Therefore, by applying voltage divider rule:

𝑅 + 𝑅2
𝑉𝑖𝑛 = ( ) × 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑅

𝑅 + 10 × 103
−24 𝑉 = ( ) × (−1.7 𝑉)
𝑅1

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Re-arranging the above equation, we get:

R = 762.33 Ω

The chosen value of resistance is R = 220 Ω

❖ Working

• FOR +VE VOLTAGE:

Take the step-down transformer, and use the two wires of transformer. Place a bridge IC on the
breadboard and connect the transformer wires to its AC terminals. Use a DMM to check if the IC is working
or not.

Measuring the DC voltage of 21 V across it is basically the conversion of AC Voltage to DC Voltage (working
of Bridge IC).

• FOR CONSTANT 5 V:

Place the IC LM7805 (const. 5V) and connect the positive terminal of Bridge IC to the input pin of the IC
LM7805 and negative terminal to ground. Now ground the pin of IC LM7805.

• FOR VARIABLE 24 V:

Place a capacitor of 4700 µF and connect the +ve terminal of bridge IC to the +ve terminal of capacitor
and the negative terminal of IC to the ground. Now place the LM317 IC and connect the +ve terminal of
capacitor to the input pin of the IC and negative terminal of capacitor to the ground. Place a resistor &
connect the output pin of the IC to one terminal of the resistor.

Place the potentiometer and connect the other terminal of resistor to the pin 2 of potentiometer. Take
another resistor and connect the adjustment pin of the LM317 IC to the one end of the resistor. Connect
the other end of the resistor to the pin 1 of the potentiometer. Ground pin 3 of potentiometer. Now move
the knob of potentiometer and check whether it is changing or not.

• FOR NEGATIVE VOLTAGE:

Take the step-down transformer and use the wires of transformer which gives 21V AC. Place a bridge IC
on the breadboard and connect the wires of transformer to the AC terminals of bridge IC. Now check if IC
is working fine or not by using DMM and measuring DC Voltage of 21V across it. Place a capacitor of
4700 µF and connect the negative terminal of bridge IC to the negative terminal of capacitor and ground
the positive terminal of IC.

Place the LM337 IC and connect the negative terminal of capacitor to the input pin of the IC and positive
terminal of capacitor to ground. Place a resistor and connect the output pin of the IC to one terminal of

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the resistor. Place the potentiometer. Connect the other terminal of resistor to pin 2 of potentiometer.
Take another resistor and connect the adjustment pin of the LM317 IC to the one end of the resistor.
Connect the other end of the resistor to the pin 1 of the potentiometer. Ground the pin 3 of
potentiometer. Finally, move the knob of potentiometer to check whether it is changing or not.

❖ Circuit Simulation

❖ Conclusion

The project is an application of bridge rectifier. The 24V AC sinusoidal wave is transformed to DC voltage
with the assistance of suitable circuitry. There are three output terminals. A steady 5V DC is provided
through Terminal A. Positive values from +1.2V to +24V DC are available at Terminal B. Finally, terminal
C provides a negative voltage range of -1.7V to -24V.

*****

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