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Bachelor of Computer Applications

Subject: PC Assembly and troubleshooting Lab

Subject Code: UGCA 1920

BCA -3rd Semester

SRI SUKHMANI INSTITUTE OF HOSPITALITY AND MANAGEMENT

SARASWATI VIHAR- DERA BASSI, MOHALI, PUNJAB 140507

Submitted by: Lalit Rawat

Submitted to : Miss Meenu

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Index
List of experiments

Sr. Contents Page

no. no.
1. Assembling and de-assembling pc

2. Loading and Configuration procedure of Microsoft o/s win 7 and

win 8
3.. Installation of utility tools (software)

4. Installation of utility tools (driver)

5. Firewall configuration, antivirus internet security loading and

configuration
6. Installation and configuration of I/O devices –
Printer, webcams , scanners
7. Installation and configuration of I/O devices-
Digital camera, USB Wi-Fi, USB BT, USB storage, projectors
8. Multiple OS loading and troubleshooting
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Experiment 1:
Aim: Assembling and disassembling PC.
Introduction: Computer Assembly Is A Process In Which All The Internal
Components Required For The Computer System Are Fitted So As To Make The
Computer Functional. There Is A Proper Sequence Of Attachment Of Each And
Every Component Into The Computer System.

Compute
r Assembly
As We Know, Computer Assembly Is A Systematic Process. First, Arrange The
Computer Parts.

The Sequence For Computer Assembly

1. Open The Case

2. Install The Power Supply

3. Attach The Components To The Motherboard

4. Install The Motherboard

5. Install Internal Drives

6. Connect All Internal Cables

7. Install Motherboard Power Connections

8. Connect External Cables To The Computer

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9. Boot The Computer For The First Time.

Material Required
1. Computer Case ,With Power Supply Installed
2. Motherboard
3. CPU
4. Heat Sink/Fan Assembly
5. Thermal Compound
6. RAM Module(s)
7. Motherboard Standoffs And
8. Screws Anti-static Wrist Strap And
9. Anti-static Mat Tool Kit
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Procedure for Computer Assembling

Step 1: Open The Case
The First Step In Assembling A Computer Is To Open The Computer Case. To
Open The Case, First Remove The Screws Of The Left Side Cover And Slide The
Side Cover.

Step 2: Install The Power Supply

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The Next Step Is To Install A Power Supply. There Are Usually Four Screws That
Attach The Power Supply To The Case.

Step 3: Attach The Components To Motherboard

The Motherboard Has To Be Prepared Before Its Installation. To Prepare The
Motherboard, You First Need To Install The CPU, Then The Heat Sink On The
CPU And CPU Fan.
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CPU
A CPU Socket Uses A Series Of Pins To Connect A CPU’s Processor To The Pc’s
Motherboard. If A CPU Is Connected Via A CPU Socket.

Heat sink and fan assembly

A Heat Sink And Fan (HSF) Is An Active Cooling Solution Used To Cool Down
Integrated Circuits In Computer Systems, Commonly The Central Processing
Unit (CPU).
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Connect The Assembly Power Cable To The CPU Fan Connector On The
Motherboard.

Installation of RAM
To Install The RAM First On The Motherboard And Then Fix The Motherboard
In The Case. To Install RAM, First Ensure Its Compatibility With The
Motherboard.
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Step 4: Install motherboard

After preparing the motherboard ,you can install the computer .

Step 5: install internal drives.

The Hard Drive Is The Device Which Stores All The Data.

Connect The Power Cable Coming From The SMPS To The Power Socket Of
Hard Disk Drive.

Connect SATA Data Cable From Hard Disk Drive Socket To The Motherboard
Socket.
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Step 6: Connect all internal cables

Power cables are used to disbute electricity from the power supply to the
motherboard and other components. data cables transmit data between the
motherboard and storage devices, such as hard drives.

Step 7: Install motherboard power connections

The advanced technology extended (ATX) main power connector will have
either 20 or 24 pins.
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Step 8: Connect external cables to the computer

 Connecting Monitor

The VGA Cable Is Used To Connect To Monitor.

 Connecting Keyboard

If It Uses A USB Connector, Plug It Into Any Of The USB Ports On The Back
Of The Computer.

 Connecting Headphones Or Speakers, And Microphone

Connect The External Speakers Or Headphones, To Computer’s Audio Port

(Either On The Front Or Back Of The Computer Case).

 Connect The Computer To A Power Supply

Power Supply Cable Connect Into The Back Of The Computer Case.

 Connecting Printer, Scanner, Webcam

Step 9: Starting the computer

Always Remember That The First Step Is To Push Power Button Of The CPU
Than The Monitor’s. An Operating System Or System Software Like Window
Or Linux Will Start Loading, Now Your Computer Is Ready To Use.
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Procedure for Computer Dissembling

Disassembly Is The Process Of Breaking Down A Device Into Separate Parts.

Material Required
1.One Working PC

2. An Anti-static Wrist Strap

3. An Anti-static Mat

4.Anti-static Bags Of Various Sizes

5.Technician’s Toolkit

6. A Plastic Cup Or Box To Organize Screws, Nuts, And Bolt

Procedure for Computer Dissembling

Step 1: Unplugging
Unplug The Power Cord From The PC

Unplug All The Peripherals Attached To The Computer, Such As The Keyboard,
Mouse, Monitor, Headphones.

Step 2: Open The Case

First Remove The Screws Of The Left Side Cover And Slide The Side Cover.
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Step 3: Disconnect All The Connectors

Disconnect All The Connectors Connected To The Motherboard. These Include
SATA Power Cable And Data Cable Of HDD As Well As SATA Cable Of Optical
Drive .

Step 4: Remove The Fan

Remove The Fan Now.

Step 5: Remove The Power Supply

Remove The Power Supply Is Connected To The Motherboard By A 20-pin
Connector And 4-pin Connector.
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Step 6: Removing HDD And Optical Drive

Remove The SATA Cable Connecting To The HDD And Optical Drive In
Motherboard.

Step 7: Remove RAM (Random Access Memory) Modules

To Remove The RAM
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Step 8: Remove Expansion Cards

To Remove The Expansion Cards, Disconnect The Cables Attached To It.

Step 9: Remove Motherboard

To Remove The Motherboard, Disconnect All The Cables From The
Motherboard.

Step 10: Reassemble The Components

Identify Every Component And Take Its Photograph.

After Identification Of Each Component, Put All The Components Back In Their
Place And Ensure That All Cables And Wires Are Connected At The Right Place
To Avoid Further Troubleshooting.
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Experiment: 2
Aim: Loading and configuration procedure of
Microsoft o/s win 7 and win 8.

Install the utility you want to use by following the procedure below.

For windows
Install utility software by using the software DVD-ROM.

 PCL 6 printer driver.

 Pc printer driver.
 XPS printer driver.
 Fax driver.
 Scanner driver.
 Act key.
 OKI LPR utility.
 Configuration tool.
 PDF print direct.
 Print job accounting client.

Connect the machine to a computer via a network or USB interface.

1. Insert the “software DVD-ROM “into a computer.

2. When [autoplay] is dislayed,click[run setup.exe]
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3. Select a language from the drop-down list.

4. Read the license agreement, and then click [accept].
5. Read environment advice for users and click[next].
6. Select[network(wired/wireless)] or [USB] corresponding to your
connection environment, and then click [next].

If the [window security alert] dialog box is displayed, click

[allow access].
7. Select the model name of this machine , and then click [next].
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8. Click [custom install].

9. Click [separate install].

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10. Click a driver or software to install installation starts.

11. Select plug-ins you want to install and click[install].

12. When installation is complete, click [close].

For MAC OS X
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You can copy a utility by dragging to any location. You can also
run a utility directly from the “software DVD ROM”.

1. Insert the included “software DVD-ROM” into a computer.

2. From[OKI]>double- click the [utilities] folder.
3. Copy the folder of a utility to install by dragging to any
location.
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Experiment : 3
AIM: installation of utility tools(software)

Utility software
Utility software is a type of software that is designed to help
users manage . maintain, and optimize their computer systems.
Utility software includes a wide range of tools and applications
that perform specific task to improve the performance. Security,
and functionality of a computer system.

Example of utility software:

Here are the some examples of utility software are given below-
1. Antivirus software.
2. File management tool.
3. Compression tool.
4. Disk management tool.
5. Disk cleanup tool.
6. Diskdefragementer

Types of utility software.

Some of the most common types of utility software include.

1. Antivirus software.
2. Disk cleaner.
3. Backup and recovery software.
4. System optimizers.
5. File compression software.
6. Disk encryption software.
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Advantages of the utility software

Here are some of the advantages of utility software:
1. Improved system performance: utility software can optimize
a computer’s performance by removing unnecessary files
and programs, managing system resources and optimizing
systems setting.
2. Enhanced security: utility software includes tools such as
antivirus and encryption software that help users protect
their computer system. From security threats such as
viruses malware and unauthorized access.
3. Data backup and recovery: utility software includes backup
and recovery tools that can help users recover lost or delete
data in the event of a system failure of data loss.
4. Time-saving: utility software can help users automate
routine tasks such as disk cleanup , file compression , and
data backup, saving time and effort.
5. Cost-effective: many utility software applications are
available for free or at a low cost, making them a cost –
effective solution for managing and maintaining a computer
system.

Disadvantages of Utility Software

Here are some of the disadvantages of utility software:

1. System instability: Some utility software may make changes to a

computer’s system settings that can cause system instability or
compatibility issues with other software applications.

2. False positives: Antivirus software can sometimes generate false

positives, identifying legitimate software applications as security threats
and causing unnecessary disruption.
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3. Resource consumption: Utility software can consume system

resources such as CPU and memory, potentially impacting system
performance and user experience.

4. Compatibility issues: Some utility software may not be compatible with

certain operating systems or hardware configurations, leading to
compatibility issues.

5. Cost: While many utility software applications are available for free or at
a low cost, some specialized utility software can be expensive, adding to
the overall cost of managing and maintaining a computer system.
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Experiment: 4
AIM: installation of utility tool(driver)

Device drivers: Installation and

configuration
To install hardware devices on Windows servers, admins must
install the appropriate device drivers first. Here are some
guidelines for installing, configuring and troubleshooting device
drivers.

system administrators frequently have to install hardware

devices such as disk controllers and network cards on their
Windows servers. To do so, they must install the
appropriate device drivers on the server first.

Admins can install device drivers on a server in four ways.

1. Running the Setup. Device drivers are automatically

installed for all detected devices during installation of
Windows 2000 system on the server computer
2. Starting the computer. Whenever the server is started, new
devices are detected and their device drivers are
automatically installed
3. Scanning for new hardware.Add/Remove Hardware Wizard
can be used to perform the hardware-detection process and
desired device driver installation
4. Manual installation. You can use the Add/Remove
Hardware Wizard to specify the device you want to install, or
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you can right-click the .INF file that comes with the driver and
choose Install.
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Experiment:5
AIM: Firewall configuration, antivirus internet security
loading and configuration.

Firewall:
Step 1: secure the firewall
Securing a firewall ensures that only authorized administrators can
access it . this involves several elements:

 Keeping the firewall updated with the latest firewall.

 Implementing appropriate configurations before deploying
firewalls into production .
 Using strong passwords to enhance the security of
administrator accounts..
 Simple network management protocol(SNMP), which gathers
and organizes information about devices on IP networks,
should be either deactivated or set up to prevent potential
security breaches.

Step 2: Establish IP address structure and firewall

zones
To protect network assets and resources, it is essential to
identify term and establish a structured approach. This
involves grouping corporate assets into zones based on their
functions and the level of risk they pose.

Step 3: configure access control lists(ASLs)

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ACLs play a vital role in network security by enabling organization to

regulate traffic flow between zones. ACLs should be configured with
precision, specifying source and destination port numbers and IP
address implementing a “deny all” rule at the end of each ACL ensure
that unauthorized traffic is filtered out.

Step 4: configure other firewall services and logging

Firewalls can be configured to accommodate additional services,
including.

 Dynamic host configuration protocol(DHCP):

A network server that automatically assigns and manages IP
addresses to a network device , allowing them to
communication and access network resources.
 Intrusion prevention system(IPs):
A security technology that monitors network traffic for
malicious activites and takes preventive actions to block or
mitigate potential threats, such as malware or network- based
attacks.

Steps 5: test the firewall configuration

Conduct through testing to verify that the firewall functions are

intended. Testing helps identify any vulnerabilities or mis
configurations that may expose your system to potential threats.

Loading antivirus software:

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1. Choose an antivirus program: select a reputable antirust

software program. Some popular options include Norton,
Avast, kaspersky and windows defender.
2. Purchase or download: depending on your choice, either
purchase the software from the official website or download
the free version if available. Be cautions of downloading from
trustworthy sources to avoid counterfeit of malicious versions.
3. Installation: Run the installer for the Antivirus software you’ve
chosen follow the on-screen instructions to install the
program.
4. Activation: If you purchased the software you may need to
enter a product key or activate it online during installation.

Configuring Antivirus Software:

1. Update the Antivirus Database: after installation, the first step

is to update the antivirus database to ensure it has the latest
information about known threats.
2. Scan settings: configure the antivirus san settings. You can
usually choose between different types of scans and you can
set a schedule for automatic scans.
3. Real Time Protection: Enables real time protection . this feature
monitors your system for threats in real-time and blocks them
as they are detected. Its a critical layer of defence.
4. Quarantine and action settings: Configure what the antivirus
software should do when it detects malware. You can usually
choose to quarantine, delete or take other actions on infected
files.
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Experiment:6
AIM: Installation and Configuration of I/O Devices

Printer
 Installation:
 Unpack and connect the printer: Remove the printer from its
packaging, connect it to a power source, and plug it into your
computer using USB cable.
 Turn on the printer: Power on the printer and make sure it’s in
a ready state
 Install printer driver:
Windows: most modern version of windows will automatically
detect and install basic printer drivers.
Mac: Mac OS usually recognizes popular printers and installs
drivers automatically.

 Configuration:
 Set as default printer: In your computer’s printer setting, select
the newly installed printer as the default.
 Print test page: print a test page to ensure that the printer is
working correctly
 Paper and Print Quality Settinng: configure paper size type and
print equality settings based on your needs . these settings
based on your needs. These settings are usually through the
printer properties.

Webcams:
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 Installation:
 Connect the webcam: plug your webcam into an available USB
port on your computer. Most webcams are plug and play ,
which means they should be recognized by your computer
without the need for your computer without the need for
additional drivers.
 Check for driver
Windows: windows will often automatically detect and install
drivers for common webcams. Check if windows successfully
recognizes your webcam by opening “device manager” , look
under “imaging devices” or “cameras” for your webcam
Mac: Mac OS also tends to recognize and use webcams without
additional drivers. You can check if your webcam is recognized
by opening “system preference “>”sound”>”input”.

 Configuration:
 Choose webcam in application: in video conferencing or
recording applications select your webcam as the video input
source in the setting or preference.
 Adjust webcam settings: Depending on your webcam, you
might have software that allows you to adjust setting such as
brightness, contrast, exposure and resolution.
 Test your webcam: Open a video conferencing app or use your
computer’s built in camera application.

 .Scanners
 Unbox and assemble: unbox the scanner and essemble any
necessary parts or components according to the manufactures’s
instructions.
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 Connect to power: plug the scanner into a power source and turn
it on.
 Connect to computer:
 USB connection: most scanners connect too your computer via
USB . plug the USB cable into both the Scanner and a USB port
on your computer.
 Wireless connection: if your scanner supports wireless
connectivity, follow the manufacturer’s instructions to connect
it to your wifi network.
 Install drivers:
Window: windows often automatically detects and installs
drivers for many scanners.
MAC: MAC OS also tends to have built in support for many
scanners .check if your scanner is recognized.
 Install software: most scanners come with scanning software.
Install any included software or use third party sanning
applications like Adobe Acrobat, vuescan, or the built in scanning
software on your operating system.
 Configure setting: Adjust scanning settings like resolution, color
mode, file format and destination folder according to your needs.
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Experiment:7
AIM: Multiple OS Loading and Troubleshooting

 Backup Data: before proceeding ,backup all your important

data to prevent data loss during the installation process.
 Choose operating system: Decide which operating system you
want to install. Ensure compatibility with your hardware.
 Prepare installation media: create bootable USB drives or DVDs
for each OS you plan to install.
 Partition your drive: Use a portioning tool like gparted or the
windows disk management tool to create separate partitions
for each OS.
 Install operating systems: start with operatind system you want
to use as your primary OS.
During installation prompts, ensuring you don’t overwrite other
OS installation.
 Configure Bootloader: Most likely, you’ll need to configure a
bootloader to manage multiple OS boot options.
For windows: the windows boot manager will usually detect
other windows installation automatically to add non- windows
OS options (e.g.,linux),use tools like easyBCD.
 Troubleshooting:
Boot issues: if you can’t boot into an OS, check the bootloader
configuration and ensure the correct partition is set as the
active boot partition.
Driver problems: install the necessary drivers for each OS ,
especially if you’re switching between windows and linux.
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Partition errors: use portioning tools to verify that partions are

correctly formatted and labelled.
UFFI/BIOS setting: check your computer’s UFFI or BIOS settings
to ensure they support multi-booting
Updates: keep all OS and software installation up to date to
minimize compatibility issues.
Backup: regularly back up your data and system configurations
in case of issues.
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Experiment:8
AIM: Multiple OS Loading and Troubleshooting

Loading:
 Prepare your system:
Backup your important data.
Ensure you have enough free disk space for each OS.
 Choose your oses:
Decide which operating system you want to install . common
choice include windows, linux distributions and mac os
 Partition your disk:
Create separate partitions for each OS .
Be careful not to overwrite or delete existing data.
 Install OSes:
Install each OS on its respective partition.
 Install a boot manager:
Use a boot manager like GRUB(for linux) or easyBCD(for
windows) to select which OS to boot into.

Troubleshooting:
 Bootloader issues: if the boot menu doesn’t appear or you can’t
bootloader settings.
 Driver problems: ensure you have the correct drivers installed
for each OS.
 Partition errors: check for partitioning errors that might
prevent one of the OSes from loading.
 Data loss: Be cautions when portioning to avoid data loss.
 Compatibility issues: some OSes may not co exist well due to
hardware or software compatibility issues.
 Updates: keep your Oses and boot manager up to date.
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