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Supervised Learning For Data Science...

This document discusses various supervised learning techniques including linear regression, multiple linear regression, and making predictions on new data. It loads data on tips and salaries, explores outliers, builds linear regression models to predict tip amounts and salaries based on features, evaluates the models, and makes predictions on new data using the multiple linear regression model. Feature engineering techniques like label encoding, one-hot encoding, and removing insignificant features are applied to build an optimal model.

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shivaybhargava33
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15 views

Supervised Learning For Data Science...

This document discusses various supervised learning techniques including linear regression, multiple linear regression, and making predictions on new data. It loads data on tips and salaries, explores outliers, builds linear regression models to predict tip amounts and salaries based on features, evaluates the models, and makes predictions on new data using the multiple linear regression model. Feature engineering techniques like label encoding, one-hot encoding, and removing insignificant features are applied to build an optimal model.

Uploaded by

shivaybhargava33
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Supervised Learning

Example Log Transformation


Import Libraries
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

Load Data Set and make a copy


tips =sns.load_dataset('tips')
tips1= tips
tips1

Create Box plot to check outliers


sns.boxplot (data = tips1 , x = 'day', y = 'total_bill' )

Create dist plot


sns.distplot(tips1['total_bill'])

Apply log Transformation to address outliers


tips1['total_bill'] = np.log10(tips1['total_bill'])

Create box plot and check outlier again


sns.boxplot (data = tips1 , x = 'day', y = 'total_bill' )

Create dist plot


sns.distplot(tips1['total_bill'])

Save the result in .xls


tips1.to_excel('C:\\Noble\\Training\\DS Temporary Files\\tips.xlsx')
Simple Linear regression –
Import the Libraries
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import os
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Load the Data Set

os.chdir('C:\\Noble\\Training\\Top Mentor\\Training\\Data Set\\')


os.getcwd()

df1= pd.read_csv('Salary_Data.csv')
print (df1)

create the graph to check the trend


plt.plot(df1["YearsExperience"], df1["Salary"])
plt.show()

Split the data into x and y - Independent and Dependent variable


x = df1.iloc[:,:-1].values
print (x)
y = df1.iloc[:,1].values
print (y)

Split the Data – Train Test split


from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
x_train, x_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(x,y,test_size=0.2)

Model fitting
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
reg = LinearRegression()
reg.fit(x_train, y_train)

Prediction
y_pred= reg.predict(x_test)
print (y_pred)

y= mx +c (Coefficient and Interceptor Values)


Y= slope
from sklearn.metrics import r2_score
print ('Coefficient', reg.coef_)
print ('Intercept', reg.intercept_)
Accuracy of the model
r2_score(y_test,y_pred)

Final Result in Data Frame


x_final = pd.DataFrame(x,columns= ['Experience'])
y_final = pd.DataFrame(y,columns= ['Salary'])
y_pred_final = pd.DataFrame(y_pred,columns= ['Salary Prediction'])
result = pd.concat([x_final,y_final,y_pred_final], axis =1)
print (result)
result.to_excel("C:\\Noble\\Training\\DS Temporary Files\\Simple
Regression.xlsx")
Create a Graph with predicted numbers
plt.scatter(x_train,y_train)
plt.plot (x_train,reg.predict(x_train),'red' )

predicted graph on test data


plt.scatter(x_test,y_test)
plt.plot (x_train,reg.predict(x_train),'red' )

Prediction for new set of data


y_pred= reg. predict ([[12], [9.6],[8.5], [2.5]])
print (y_pred)

Linear Regression Prediction with Data Frame

Import Libraries
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import os
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Change directory

os.chdir('C:\\Noble\\Training\\Top Mentor\\Training\\Data Set\\')


os.getcwd()
Load Data Set

df1= pd.read_csv('Salary_Data.csv')
print (df1)

Plot Graph
plt.plot(df1["YearsExperience"], df1["Salary"])
plt.show()

X and Y as Data Frame

x = df1.iloc[:,:-1]
print (x)
y = df1.iloc[:,1]
print (y)

Train Test Split

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split


x_train, x_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(x,y,test_size=0.2)

Linear Regression

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression


reg = LinearRegression()
reg.fit(x_train, y_train)
Prediction
y_pred= reg.predict(x_test)
print (y_pred)

Coefficient and Intercept


print ('Coefficient', reg.coef_)
print ('Intercept', reg.intercept_)

Accuracy
from sklearn.metrics import r2_score
r2_score(y_test,y_pred)

Export data to excel

y_pred_final = pd.DataFrame(reg.predict(x),columns= ['Salary Prediction'])


result = pd.concat([x,y,y_pred_final], axis =1)
print (result)
result.to_excel("C:\\Noble\\Training\\DS Temporary Files\\Simple
Regression.xlsx")
Multiple Linear regression –
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os
from sklearn.metrics import r2_score

Load Data Set


os.chdir('C:\\Noble\\Training\\Top Mentor\\Training\\Data Set\\')
df1=pd.read_csv('50_Startups.csv')
df1

Split x and y
x = df1.iloc[:,:-1].values
print (x)

y = df1.iloc[:,4].values
print (y)
Label Encoding
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder
Label = LabelEncoder()
x[:,3]= Label.fit_transform(x[:,3])
print (x)

One Hot Encoding


from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
ct = ColumnTransformer(transformers=[('encoder', OneHotEncoder(), [3])],
remainder='passthrough')
x = np.array(ct.fit_transform(x))
print (x)

Print X as Data Frame


print (pd.DataFrame(x))

Split the data as train , test split


from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test =train_test_split (x,y,test_size =
0.2,random_state= 42)

Create the Model


from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
reg= LinearRegression()
reg.fit(x_train,y_train)

Predictions
y_pred= reg.predict(x_test)
print (y_pred)

Print Result
result = pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(y_pred),pd.DataFrame(y_test)], axis =1)
print (result)
Print Y and Prediction in one data frame - Concat
y_pre= pd.DataFrame(y_pred, columns =['Prediction'])
y_te = pd.DataFrame(y_test,columns= ['Actual'])
x_te = pd.DataFrame(x_test,columns= ['CF','FR','New Y','R&D','Admin','Mark'])
result = pd.concat([x_te,y_te,y_pre], axis =1)
print (result)

Accuracy
r2_score(y_test, y_pred)
Regression Coefficient
reg.coef_

Regression Intercept
reg.intercept_

Ordinary Least Square Method


x=x.astype('float64')
import statsmodels.api as sm
reg_ols = sm.OLS (endog = y, exog = x)
reg_ols = reg_ols.fit()
print (reg_ols.summary())

Tune the Model by removing State Column (P Value Greater than 0.05)
Print the Data Frame
pd.DataFrame(x)

Create the OLS Method by removing the variable which has maximum P
Value – Remove Column 4

x_opt=x[:,[0,1,2,3,5]]
import statsmodels.api as sm
reg_ols = sm.OLS (endog = y, exog =x_opt)
reg_ols = reg_ols.fit()
print (reg_ols.summary())

Create the OLS Method by removing the variable which has maximum P
Value – Remove Column last Column

x_opt=x[:,[0,1,2,3]]
import statsmodels.api as sm
reg_ols = sm.OLS (endog = y, exog =x_opt)
reg_ols = reg_ols.fit()
print (reg_ols.summary())

All the variables with P Value < 0.05 removed , create the model again with
new data set

Train test Split


from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
xopt_train,xopt_test,y_train,y_test =train_test_split (x_opt,y,test_size =
0.2,random_state= 42)

Create Model

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression


reg= LinearRegression()
reg.fit(xopt_train,y_train)

Prediction
yopt_pred= reg.predict(xopt_test)
print (yopt_pred)

Print Result
result = pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(yopt_pred),pd.DataFrame(y_test)], axis =1)
print (result)

Print Original Data Frame with Predicted Value

yopt_pre= pd.DataFrame(yopt_pred, columns =['Prediction'])


y_te = pd.DataFrame(y_test,columns= ['Actual'])
x_te = pd.DataFrame(x_test,columns= ['CF','FR','New Y','R&D','Admin','Mark'])
result = pd.concat([x_te,y_te,yopt_pre], axis =1)
print (result)

Check Accuracy
r2_score(y_test, yopt_pred)

Prediction for All 50 records


yfull_pred= reg.predict(x_opt)
print (yfull_pred)

Accuracy
r2_score(y, yfull_pred)

Create the Model with only column R& D Spend


x_opt=x[:,3:4]
x_opt

Train Test Split


from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
xopt_train,xopt_test,y_train,y_test =train_test_split (x_opt,y,test_size =
0.2,random_state= 42)

Print Shape
print (xopt_train.shape)

Create Model with one column


from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
freg= LinearRegression()
freg.fit(xopt_train,y_train)
Prediction and Check accuracy
yone_pred= freg.predict(x_opt)
r2_score(y, yone_pred)

Print the result as Graph


import seaborn as sns
sns.regplot( x = yone_pred, y = y, scatter_kws={"color": "b"}, line_kws={"color":
"r"},ci = None)

Prediction for New Data Set

Load new Data Set


df_Predict=pd.read_csv('50_Startups_Predictions.csv')
df_Predict

Count Number of Records


df_Predict.count()

Create Array
x_Predict = df_Predict.values
print (x_Predict)

Label Encoding
Label_Predict = LabelEncoder()
x_Predict[:,3]= Label_Predict.fit_transform(x_Predict[:,3])
print (x_Predict)

One Hot Encoding


from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
ct = ColumnTransformer(transformers=[('encoder', OneHotEncoder(), [3])],
remainder='passthrough')
x_Predict = np.array(ct.fit_transform(x_Predict))
print (x_Predict)

Print X Values
print (pd.DataFrame(x_Predict))

Generate Predicted Values


xone_Predict= x_Predict[:,3:4]
yone_Predict= freg.predict(xone_Predict)
print (yone_Predict)

Display the result as Data Frame – with X

yone_Predict= pd.DataFrame(yone_Predict, columns =['Prediction'])


x_Predict = pd.DataFrame(x_Predict,columns= ['CF','FR','New Y','R&D','Admin','Mark'])
result = pd.concat([x_Predict,yone_Predict], axis =1)
print (result)

Display the result with Actual Input Data Set


yone_Predict= pd.DataFrame(yone_Predict, columns =['Prediction'])
result = pd.concat([df_Predict,yone_Predict], axis =1)
print (result)

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