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GEOMETRY
13 CONGRUENCY & SIMILARITY

1. In triangle ABC a straight line parallel to BC in-

1 1 1 1 1 1
tersects AB and AC at D and E respectively. If AB =
(a)   (b) + =
2AD, then DE : BC is CC1 AA1 BB1 CC1 AA 1 BB 1
 ABC BC AB AC D
E AB = 2 AD DE : BC 1 1 1 1 1 1
(c)   (d)  
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 3 BB 1 AA1 CC1 BB 1 AA1 CC1
2. If in a triangle ABC, D and E are on the sides AB
6. Two isosceles triangles have equal vertical angles
AD and their areas are in the ratio 9 : 16. then the
and AC, such that, DE is parallel to BC and = ratio of their corresponding heights is
BD

3
. If AC = 4 cm, then AE is: 9 : 16
5
(A) 4.5 : 8 (b) 3 : 4 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 8 : 4.5
 ABC AB AC D E
7. The perimeters of two similar triangles are 30 cm
AD 3 and 20 cm respectively. If one side of the first tri-
DE , BC = AC = 4 cm angle is 9 cm. Determine the corresponding side of
BD 5
the second triangle.
AE
30 20
(a) 1.5 cm (b) 2.0 cm (c) 1.8 cm (d) 2.4 cm
9
3. ABC is a triangle in which DE  BC and AD : DB =
5 : 4. Then DE : BC is
(a) 15 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 13.5 cm (d) 5 cm
ABC DE  BC AD : DB = 5 : 4
8. In trapezium ABCD, AB  CD and AB = 2 CD. Its
DE : BC
diagonals intersect at O. If the area of
(a) 4 : 5 (b) 9 : 5 (c) 4 : 9 (d) 5 : 9
 AOB = 84 cm², then the area of  COD is equal to
4. D and E are mid-points of sides AB and AC respec-
ABCD AB  CD AB = 2 CD O
tively of the  ABC. A line drawn from A meets BC
at H and DE at K.  AOB 84 cm²
AK : KH = ?  COD
(a) 21 cm² (b) 72 cm² (c) 42 cm² (d) 26 cm²
D E,  ABC. AB AC A
9. ABCD is a square. Draw a triangle QBC on side BC
H BC K DE
considering BC as base and draw a triangle PAC
AK : KH =? on AC as its base such that
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 1 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 1 : 2
Area of Δ QBC
QBC  PAC then is equal to :
5. B1 is a point on the side AC of ABC and B1B is Area of Δ PAC
joined . A line is drawn through A parallel to B1B ABCD BC BC QBC
meeting BC at A 1 and another line is drawn
AC PAC
through C parallel to B1B meeting AB produced at
C1 . Then QBC
QBC  PAC
PAC
 ABC AC B1 B1B
B1B A BC A1 2 1 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
B1B C 3 3 2 1
AB C1 , 10. Inside a triangle ABC, a straight line parallel to
BC intersects AB and AC at the point P and Q re-

1
 spectively. If AB = 3 PB, then PQ : BC is
ABC BC AB
AC P Q AB = 3 PB, PQ
: BC
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 3 : 4 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 2 : 3
11. For a triangle ABC, D and E are two points on AB
1 1
and AC such that AD = AB, AE = AC. If BC =
4 4
12 cm, then DE is
ABC AB AC D E
1 1
AD = AB, AE = AC BC = 12 cm, DE
4 4

(a) 5 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 3 cm (d) 6 cm

12. In triangle ABC a straight line parallel to BC in-
tersects AB and AC at D and E respectively. If AB =
2AD, then DE : BC is
ABC BC AB AC
D E AB = 2AD, DE : BC

(a) 2 : 3 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 3

13. ABC is a triangle in which DE  BC and AD : DB =
5 : 4. Then DE : BC is
ABC DE  BC AD : DB = 5 : 4, DE : BC

(a) 4 : 5 (b) 9 : 5 (c) 4 : 9 (d) 5 : 9

14. PQR is an equilateral triangle. MN is drawn parallel to
QR such that M is on PQ and N is on PR. If PN=6 cm,
then the length of MN is
PQR MN, QR M,
PQ N, PR PN = 6 MN

(a) 3 cm/3 (b) 6 cm/6

(c) 12 cm/12 (d) 4.5 cm/4.5
15. In  ABC, DE||AC. Where D and E are two points
lying on AB and BC respectively. If AB = 5 cm and
AD = 3 cm, then BE : EC is.
 ABC , DE||AC D E AB BC
AB = 5 AD = 3 , BE
: EC
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 5 : 3 (d) 3:5

2
 SOLUTION
1. According to question
AD 5
Given: Here, =
A DB 4

1 AD DE 5
D E  = =
AB BC 9
1

 DE : BC = 5 : 9
B C

AB = 2AD 4. A

AB 2 mid point mid point

= D E
AD 1 K

By applying B.P.T
B C
H

AD DE AE
= =  Point D and E are midpoint of sides AB and AC respec-
AB BC AC
tively D,E AB AC
DE 1 Then DE will be parallel to BC
=
BC 2 [by thales theorem] DE, BC
2. According to question
A
And DE, always cuts in two equal parts DE

3
D E  Therefore AK : KH = 1 : 1
5
A
B C
5.
B1
Given:
A1 C
AD = 3, BD = 5 B

AB = 8, AC = 4 C1
AE = ?
By applying B.P.T A1 C1
B
AD AE DE a c
 
AB AC BC b
A C
B1
3 AE
 In  AA1 C   BB1C
8 4
BB1 B1C
3
AE = = 1.5 cm AA 1 = AC ....(i)
2
3. In  ABC , DE||BC  AC1 C   BB1 A

A BB1 AB1
5 CC 1 = AC ....(ii)
9 D 5 E
4
Adding eq (i) and (ii)
9
B C BB1 BB1 B1C AB1
AA1 + CC1 = AC + AC
AE AD DE
= =
AC AB BC
(Basic Prop. theorem)

3
  1 1  B1C+AB1 8. D 1 C
BB1 AA + CC  =
 1 1 AC O

1 1 AC 1 A B
AA1 + CC1 = × 2
AC BB1
area of ΔC O D 2
1 1 1 CD
or BB = AA + CC = 2
area of ΔA O B AB
1 1 1

6. A
D
are a of  C O D  1 2 1
 
=  
84 2  4

B M C E N F
area of  COD = 21 cm2
If two isosceles triangles have equal vertical
9. A 1 B

angles then both triangles are similar.

2 1 Q
1

D C
1

So, ABC  DEF P

We know, Given
In similarity case   QBC ~  PAC
Area of  ABC  Let each side of square =1

Area of  DEF  then diagonal of square = 2

 AB 
2    QBC ~  PAC
= corresponding sides square
2
 DE  Area of QBC  BC 
2

 Area of PAC =
2
2 2  AC 
A M  9  A M
=
2 height  16 = 2
D N  D N QC 
2
 QB
2

= =
2 2
 PC   PA 
9
= = R atio o f th e ir h e ig ht
16 1
2 1
= =
 2
2 2
  Ratio of height
= 3:4
10. According to question
7. et ABC and PQR are two similar triangle
 Perimeter of ABC = 20 cm.
 Perimeter of PQR = 30 cm.
QR = 9 cm, BC = ?
 In the similarity case
B C
Perimeter of ABC
 AB 3
Perimeter of PQR Given: 
PB 1
AB BC AC
 = = AP AQ PQ
PQ QR PR To apply B.P.T  
AB AC BC
[Ratio of their corre. sides]
PQ 2

20 BC BC 3
 = 11. According to question
30 9
 BC = 6 cm

4
 P

1 1 6
D E M N
3 3

B C Q R
By using B.P.T
So, PMN must be equilateral
AD AE DE So, MN = PN = 6 cm
 
AB AC BC 15.
AD DE B
 ,
AB BC 2
1 DE D E
 ,
4 12 3
DE = 3 cm A C
12. According to question
Given: BD BE
=
AD EC
A

1
D E
1

B C

AB = 2AD
AB 2
=
AD 1
By applying B.P.T
AD DE AE
= =
AB BC AC
DE 1
=
BC 2
13. In  ABC , DE||BC
A
5

9 D 5 E
4
9
B C

AE AD DE
= =
AC AB BC
(Basic Prop. theorem)
AD 5
Here, =
DB 4
AD DE 5
 = =
AB BC 9
 DE : BC = 5 : 9
14. PQR ~ PMN
 PQR is equilateral
PQ = PR = QR