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Pakistan Affairs CSS 2020 Solved Paper

The Simla Agreement of 1972 between India and Pakistan established the following key provisions: 1) Both countries agreed to settle disputes through bilateral negotiations and peaceful means. 2) They agreed to respect the line of control in Jammu and Kashmir and not alter it unilaterally. 3) The agreement helped establish peace by outlining principles for good neighborly relations and durable peace, including non-interference and peaceful resolution of issues.

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469 views2 pages

Pakistan Affairs CSS 2020 Solved Paper

The Simla Agreement of 1972 between India and Pakistan established the following key provisions: 1) Both countries agreed to settle disputes through bilateral negotiations and peaceful means. 2) They agreed to respect the line of control in Jammu and Kashmir and not alter it unilaterally. 3) The agreement helped establish peace by outlining principles for good neighborly relations and durable peace, including non-interference and peaceful resolution of issues.

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M. Saad Jumani
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Pakistan Affairs CSS 2020 Solved Paper

Q. No. 4 - What are the major provisions of Simla Agreement


(1972) between Pakistan and India? How it was helpful for
establishment of durable peace in the region?

Major provisions of Simla Agreement:


1(i)- That the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations shall
govern the relations between the two countries.

ii)- That the two countries are resolved to settle their differences by peaceful
means through bilateral negotiations or by any other peaceful means mutually
agreed upon between them. Pending the final settlement of any problems
between the two countries, neither side shall unilaterally alter the situation.

4(ii)- In Jammu and Kashmir, the line of control resulting from the ceasefire of 17
December 1971 shall be respected by both sides without prejudice to the
recognized position of either side. Neither side shall seek to alter it unilaterally,
irrespective of mutual differences, and legal interpretations. Both sides further
undertake to refrain from the threat of use of force in violation of this Line.

How the Simla Agreement was helpful in establishing peace:


The Simla Agreement was a comprehensive blueprint for good neighborly
relations between India and Pakistan. It established peace in the region as it
provided the framework to solve the POWs and territory issues. Under the Simla
Agreement, both countries undertook to abjure conflict and confrontation which
had marred relations in the past, and to work towards the establishment of
durable peace, friendship and cooperation.
The Simla Agreement contains a set of guiding principles, mutually agreed to by
India and Pakistan, which both sides would adhere to while managing relations
with each other. These emphasize: respect for each other’s territorial integrity
and sovereignty; noninterference in each other’s internal affairs; respect for each
other's unity, political independence; sovereign equality; and abjuring hostile
propaganda. The following principles of the Agreement are, however, particularly
noteworthy:

 A mutual commitment to the peaceful resolution of all issues through


bilateral negotiations or other peaceful means.
 To build the foundations of a cooperative relationship with a special focus
on people-to-people contacts.
 To uphold the inviolability of the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir
which is the most important CBM between India and Pakistan and a key to
durable peace.

Conclusion:
However, the Simla Agreement, led to only a temporary peace between the two
countries as the said agreement was nullified when India occupied the Siachen
Glacier in 1985. And since then, hostilities between the two arch-rivals have
continued such as the Kargil Conflict in 1999, the Pakistan-India standoff 2001-
2002, and etc.

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