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A new framework of numerical distance relay using LabVIEW

Conference Paper · December 2015

DOI: 10.1109/INTEE.2015.7416797

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 A New Framework of Numerical Distance Relay
Using LabVIEW
Ayache MATI, Merouane BEGBAGUI, and Hamid BENTARZI
Signals and Systems Laboratory,
IGEE, UMBB University, 35000
Boumerdes, Algeria,
[email protected]

Abstract— In conventional transmission line protection, a which is based on PC associated with myDaQ board NI USB-
three–zone stepped directional distance scheme is used to provide 6009 using LabVIEW as software development tool.
the primary as well as remote backup protection. The voltage
and current measurements are needed by the distance relay for II. DISTANCE PROTECTION MODELLING
determining the impedance. In this paper, a new design
model of mho distance relay has been implemented first in Distance relay may be used in the power grid protection. The
PC using LabVIEW, then tested using Power System basic principle governing the operation of a distance relay is
Simulink Model under several operating and fault conditions. the ratio of the voltage V to the current I at the relaying point
Finally, the relay prototype has been realized using acquisition as shown in Fig.1. The ratio (V/I) represents the measured
card NI USB-6009, which acquires real-time signals of the impedance Z of the faulty line between the relay location and
currents and the voltages, processes them digitally and outputs the point of fault occurrence. Then, the measured impedance
tripping signal to the circuit breaker. The obtained results is compared to the set impedance, and if this Z is within the
show that the relay operates correctly under different fault reach of the relay then it operates. [2, 7]
types for different locations.

Keywords— Mho distance protection, LabVIEW, myDaQ board

NI USB-6009.

I. INTRODUCTION
Power grid protection role is to make the power system
including transmission and distribution network as safe as
possible from the effects of equipment failures and events that
place it at risk. When the faults occur in such power grid,
protection schemes are designed to isolate faulted part, and
leave the healthy parts of the system connected in order to
ensure the continuity of the power supply. The operational
Fig.1 A typical single line AC connection of a protective distance relay.
security of the power grid depends on the successful
performance of the thousands of relays that protect equipment Distance relay can be implemented through the use of
and hence protect the whole system from cascading failures. phase comparators of two input quantities S1 and S2 [6, 8,
Thus, the failure of a relay to operate as intended may 9].The output of a phase comparator operates if the following
jeopardize the stability of the entire power grid [1- 3]. condition is satisfied
The basic principle behind distance relay is calculating the -90° ≤ θS1- θS2 ≤ 90° …..(1)
line impedance seen by the relay at location using the The signals S1 and S2 that may input to the phase comparator
fundamental frequency components of voltage and current are in the following form:
signals. The Fourier transform based method can be used to S1 = -Vr 0° + ZR θz .Ir -φr .... (2)
estimate the fundamental components of the voltage and S2 = Vr 0° …. (3)
current. The impedance measurement and the DFT algorithms Dividing these equations by the line current Ir -φr give the
can also be implemented only in numerical relay [4,5]. following equations:
In order to improve both security and dependability and hence S’1 = -Zr φr+ ZR θz ……(4)
the reliability, numerical relay may be used. This work S’2 = Zr φr ……(5)
proposes a new framework of numerical protection scheme
978-1-4673-6673-1/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE
As seen in Fig 2, the impedances S'1 and S'2 are placed in the IV. DISTANCE RELAY IMPLEMENTATION
extremes of the constant ZR θz impedance. When the system
impedance Zr φr is inside the operating characteristic, as The proposed protection system model designing
shown on Fig (2 (a)), the angle between S'1 and S'2 fulfills methodology as shown in fig 4 consists of two major parts:
equation (1) and the relay operates. In Fig (2(b)) is shown the Software and Hardware.
case of Ir φr lying outside the operating characteristic. Now,
the angle between S'1and S'2 is outside the range specified in
Equation (1), and the relay does not operate. The constant
parameter ZR θz marks the diameter of the circular
characteristic that passes through the origin.

Fig.4 The general block diagram of the proposed protection scheme.

Fig 2: Definition of the mho characteristic phase comparator
A.Software Part
III. MHO RELAY MODELING
The modeling of the proposed Mho relay is presented and The Mho characteristic is best suited for the numerical
summarized in a flowchart. Fig 3 protection of HV transmission lines as it possesses an ideal
distance relay characteristic.
In the present work, the numerical distance relay is
designed and implemented.

By using LabVIEW as software tool development, we can

use a relay for multiple zones using only one software
environment with advanced built-in analysis and signal
processing libraries. The relay and transmission line
characteristics are introduced as inputs. The system can
monitor the characteristics of the distance relay as well as the
transmission line in real time using a waveform graph in the
LabVIEW front panel. Fig 5.

Fig 5.Mho distance relay front panel

Fig 3. Shows Mho relay modeling algorithm.
A. B.Hardware Part Table 1. Power system data and relay setting

The implementation of the proposed mho distance relay is No Parameters Value

shown in fig 6.It consists of: 1 Line length 100 km
- Isolation and analog signal scaling: this circuit transforms 2 Voltage 220 KV
currents and voltages of the power system to low safe values
It consists of: 3 Frequency 50 Hz
o Three potential transformer. 4 Line resistance R1 0.01165 Ohm/Km
o Three current transformers
5 Line resistance R0 0.2676 Ohm/Km
- Signal conditioning circuit: the measured values that come
6 Line reactance X1 0.2725 Ohm/Km
from CT and PT in analog forms are passed through an anti-
aliasing filter amplifier (low pass filter). 7 Line reactance X0 0.9495 Ohm/Km
- NI USB-6009: Sample and hold circuits and analog Relay settings
multiplexed are used to sample the three different signals
supplied by instrument transformers at the same time. The Zones Settings Time delay (s)
sampled signals are converted into digital form. 1 One 80% 0
- PC: these digital signals are fed from data acquisition board
to the PC where they will be processed and toked as input in 2 Two 120% 1
the developed Mho relay in LabVIEW. 3 Three 160% 2

Fig 6. Numerical mho distance relay prototype

V. TESTING RESULTS
To validate the relay model that has been developed in
LabVIEW. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to simulate power
system model for several operating and fault conditions as
shown in fig 7.The parameters of the power system model
using SIMULINK and the settings of the relay model using Fig 7. Power system SIMULINK model
LabVIEW are mentioned in table 1.
The results of the test being performed are presented
using figures which display the LabVIEW front panel of the
developed mho distance relay. We have tested seven different
cases:
Case one: phase A to ground fault at a distance of 70Km Case five: Phase B to phase C fault at a distance of 110Km.

Case two: Phase B to ground fault at a distance of 110Km.

Case six: Phase C to phase A fault at a distance of 140Km.

Case three: Phase C to ground fault at a distance of 140Km.

Case seven: Three phases fault ABC at a distance of 140Km.

Case four: Phase A to phase B fault at a distance of 70Km

VI.CONCLUSION
In this work, a new framework of protection scheme based
on the Mho type distance relay has been successfully
developed and implemented using LabVIEW software. After
testing its behavior under different fault conditions, the relay
model has been able to recognize the appropriate fault type.
Besides, the relay identifies the fault locations as expected.
 REFERENCES
[1] Power System Relaying Committee Of the IEEE Power
Engineering Society, “Power Swing And Out-Of-Step
Consideration On Transmission Lines”, IEEE PSRC WG D6,
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[2] H.Bentarzi, A. Ouadi, M. Chafai and A. Zitouni, “ Distance
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& SIGNAL PROCESSING, Montreux University, Switzerland,
December, 29-31, 2011.
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[6] Gerhard Ziegler, “Numerical Distance Protection Principles and
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[7] Dr. Hamid H. Sherwali and Eng. Abdlmnam A. Abdlrahem,
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[8] SandroGiannyAquiles Perez, “Modeling Relays for Power
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