1.

The principal foreign issue confronting the Wilson administration between the outbreak of the First
World War in 1914 and United States involvement in the conflict in 1917 was the
a. Future of United States overseas possessions
b. Territorial and political integrity of Poland
c. Freedom of the seas
d. Question of a Pan-American collective security organization
e. Issue of war debt repayment by the Allies

2. All of the following were factors in the failure of the United States to join the League of Nations after
the First World War EXCEPT:
a. fear of further involvement in foreign wars.
( personal and political rivalries between President Woodrow Wilson and Senator Henry Cabot
Lodge.
(C) President Wilson's illness.
(D) a group of United States senators who opposed American participation on any terms.
(E) the influence of the Soviet Union within the League.

3. The primary function of the War Board during the First World War was to
a. increase cooperation between business, labor, and government
b. encourage the breakup of monopolies
c. nationalize the banking industry
d. limit the influence of social scientists on government policy
e. minimize the tax burden on the lower classes

4. During Woodrow Wilson's administration, the federal government attempted to counteract the
economic influence of big business by

a) eliminating the gold standard

b) increasing tariff rates

c) centralizing economic planning

d) applying the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment to corporations

e) establishing the Federal Trade Commission

Theodore Roosevelt's mediation in the Russo-Japanese War reflected his belief that United States
interests were best served by a) a decisive victory for Russia; b) a decisive victory for Japan; c) the
acquisition of Russian and Japanese spheres of interest by the United States; d) a balance of power
between Russia and Japan; e) the return of Russian and Japanese spheres of interest to China.
Woodrow Wilson hardened Senate opposition to the Treaty of Versailles by his refusal to compromise on
the issue of (A) reparations limited to the amount Germany could afford to pay (B) plebiscites to
determine the new borders of Germany (C) the border between Italy and Yugoslavia (D) protectorate
status for African colonies seized from Germany (E) the unconditional adherence of the United States to
the charter of the League of Nations.

7. "Article X says that every member of the League, and that means every great fighting power in the
world. . .solemnly engages to respect and preserve. . .the territorial integrity and existing political
independence of the other members of the League. If you do that, you have absolutely stopped
ambitious and aggressive war."

Woodrow Wilson's statement above was made in justification of his

A. decision to send troops to northern Russia and Siberia after the Bolshevik Revolution
B. refusal to award Fiume to the Italians
C. insistence on "open treaties, openly arrived at"
D. opposition to the resolution on racial equality put forward at the Paris peace negotiations by
the Japanese delegation
E. refusal to accept the "reservations" proposed by Henry Cabot Lodge in the Senate debate over
ratification of the Treaty of Versailles

8. During the First World War, the Committee on Public Information issued propaganda to
persuade the American people of all of the following except: (A) The United States was fighting for
freedom and democracy. (B) The United States was fighting a barbarous nation. (C) Buying bonds was
important to support the war effort. (D) A German invasion of the United States was a possibility. (E)
Congress should reject the League of Nations.

9. D. W. Griffith's epic film The Birth of a Nation (1915) became controversial because of its (A) portrayal
of the Sons of Liberty as a radical mob (B) celebration of American freedoms at a time of protest against
radical groups (C) celebration of America's cultural diversity (D) depiction of Ku Klux Klan activities as
heroic and commendable (E) sympathetic treatment of Germany in the years before the First World War.

10. The leaders of the Progressive movement were primarily

A. farmers interested in improving agricultural production
B. immigrant activists attempting to change restrictive immigration laws
C. representatives of industries seeking higher tariffs
D. workers concerned with establishing industrial unions
E. middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues

11. Wilson’s Fourteen Points incorporated all of the following EXCEPT

(A) open diplomacy

(B) freedom of the seas
(C) recognition of Allied economic and territorial agreements made during the war
(D) creation of an international organization to preserve peace and security of its members
(E) national self-determination
12. The first massive migration of Black American people from the south occurred during which of the
following periods?

a. Immediately following the Civil War

b. During and immediately after the First World War

c. During the Great Depression

d. In the decade after the Second World War

e. During the civil rights movement of the 1960's

13. Progressive reformers rejected Social Darwinism because they believed that

(A) all races were equal in ability

(B) personal development was influenced solely by hereditary factors

(C) conflict and competition did not necessarily improve society

(D) science had no role in society

(E) society was fixed by the laws of nature and incapable of significant change

14. Which of the following generalizations can be supported

by the information provided in the map above?
A Frontier life tended to promote the acceptance of
greater political equality for women
B Fewer women lived in the southeastern states than
in other parts of the country; therefore, suffrage was less
of an issue
C None of the states of the Confederacy granted votes
to women before 1920
D The Seneca Falls Movement resulted in gains in the
area of political and legal rights for women
E States that made free public education
15. The cartoon above portrays President Wilson trying to (A) conceal from the public the true
reason for United States entry into the First World War (B) arouse public support for United States entry
into the First World War (C) assess the public's support of his bid for a third presidential term (D) warn
the public that Germany had not been treated fairly Versailles (E) arouse public support for the Treaty of
Versailles.
16. The purpose of the Liberty Loan Campaign illustrated in the drawing above was to (A) encourage
young men to enlist in the army (B) finance American involvement in the First World War (C) support the
establishment of Boy Scout troops throughout the nation (D) aid in the implementation of New Deal
programs (E) support funding for Franklin Roosevelt's Lend-Lease program.

17. arbitrary labor dispute

18. During the presidency of William H. Taft, United States policy in Latin America was driven
primarily by (A) the administration's desire to benefit from European colonial inroads in the region (B)
the President's goal of founding an effective Pan-American organization to deal with hemispheric issues
(C) Congress' determination to ameliorate the hostility engendered by Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stick
policy (D) concern for the development of democracy and the protection of civil rights in the region (E)
concern for United States economic and strategic interests in the region.

19. When war broke out in Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson established a policy that
called for (A) immediate American aid to the Allied powers (B) acknowledgment of American neutral
rights on the high seas (C) American trade with Europe on a cash-and-carry basis only (D) a strict
embargo on trade with all warring nations (E) strict prohibition of American travel on the ships of
belligerents.

20. Which of the following is an example of Progressive Era legislation? (A) The Pure Food and Drug
Act (B) The Hawley-Smoot Tariff (C) The Comstock Law (D) The Pendleton Act`(E) The Dawes Severally
Act.

21. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following?
(A) Prohibited United States intervention in the Caribbean.
(B) Warned against European seizure of the Panama Canal.
(C) Sought to end the wave of nationalization of American-owned property in the Caribbean.
(D) Declared the United States to be the “policeman” of the Western Hemisphere.
(E) Provided United States military support for democratic revolutions in Latin America.

22. One of the principal reasons the “noble experiment” of Prohibition failed was that it led to an
enormous increase in
(A) drinking among minors
(B) absenteeism among factory workers
(C) the divorce rate
(D) child abuse
(E) law enforcement costs

23. Conservative Republican opponents of the Treaty of Versailles argued that the League of Nations
would
(A) isolate the United States from postwar world affairs
(B) prevent the United States from seeking reparations from Germany
(C) violate President Wilson’s own Fourteen Points
(D) limit United States sovereignty
(E) give England and France a greater role than the United States in maintaining world peace

24. Many Mexicans migrated to the United States during the First World War because
(A) revolution in Mexico had caused social upheaval and dislocation
(B) immigration quotas for Europeans went unfilled as a result of the war
(C) the war in Europe had disrupted the Mexican economy
(D) American Progressives generally held liberal views on the issue of racial assimilation
(E) the United States government offered Mexicans land in exchange for military service

25. Which of the following best describes the Harlem Renaissance?

(A) The rehabilitation of a decaying urban area
(B) An outpouring of Black artistic and literary creativity
(C) The beginning of the NAACP
(D) The most famous art show of the early twentieth century
(E) The establishment of the back-to-Africa movement

26. ?

27. Which of the following accurately describes the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920's?
(A) Its activities were limited to the South.
(B) It favored immigration restriction as well as white supremacy.
(C) It repudiated fundamentalist Protestantism.
(D) Many of its members were elected to Congress.
(E) It appeared for the first time during this decade.

28. Which of the following celebrated trials BEST illustrates the cultural conflict in the 1920's between
fundamentalism and modernism?
(A) The Scottsboro Trial
(B) The Leopold-Loeb Trial
(C) The John T. Scopes Trial
(D) The Albert B. Fall Trial
(E) The Sacco-Vanzetti Trial

29. All of the following help to explain the presence of large numbers of expatriate American
intellectuals in Europe during the 1920''s EXCEPT:
(A) repressive effects of Prohibition and the resurgence of conservatism in the United States.
(B) attraction of European cities, especially Paris, as centers of innovation and creativity.
(C) tradition among American writers of taking up temporary residence in Europe.
(D) claims of young American writers and critics that American culture was materialistic and hostile to
the development of their art.
(E) European tradition of wealthy patrons supporting struggling American artists and writers.

30. During the New Deal, President Franklin D. Roosevelt recommended legislation to achieve all of the
following EXCEPT:
(A) nationalization of the banks.
 (B) legal protection for workers who sought collective bargaining.
(C) government payments to farmers who plowed up their crops.
(D) the development of public power-generating facilities.
(E) government-business cooperation in formulating "codes" of fair competition.

31. ?

32. Which of the following immigrants were often forced to return to their country of origin?
a. Irish during the 1850s
b. Germans during the First World War
c. Italians during the 1920s
d. Mexicans during the 1930s
e. Japanese during the Second World War

33. The main purpose of the Wagner Labor Relations Act of 1935 was to:
(A) end the sit-down strike in Flint, Michigan.
(B) settle the struggle between the AFL and the CIO.
(C) ensure workers' right to organize and bargain collectively.
(D) guarantee workers a minimum wage.
(E) exempt organized labor from the Sherman Antitrust Act.

34. All of the following depicted social conditions in the United States during the Great Depression of the
1930s EXCEPT
a. Theodore Dreiser’s An American Tragedy
b. Erskine Caldwell’s Tobacco Road
c. James T. Farrell’s Studs Lonigan
d. John Dos Passos’ U.S.A.
e. John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath

35. The New Deal attempted to revive the farm economy during the 1930s by

a. reducing the amount of land under cultivation

b. opening up more federal land for homesteads
c. making cash payments to encourage more homesteads
d. increasing tariffs to eliminate foreign competition
e. selling surplus farm commodities abroad

36. During the Great Depression, “Hoovervilles” were

a. government relocation camps indigent workers

b. model communities established by the Hoover administration

c. shantytown of unemployed and homeless people

d. soup kitchens financed under New Deal legislation

 e. work projects established by the Hoover administration to revitalize the economy

37. The Palmer Raids of 1919 were conducted against

A. suspected communists and anarchists
B. Republicans bitterly opposed to the Wilson administration
C. alleged financial backers of Marcus Garvey
D. labor organizers for the American Federation of Labor
E. White racist organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan

38. American writers of the 1920s have often been called the lost generation because they
A. found it difficult to get their work published
B. were disillusioned with the course of American life
C. failed to achieve fame in their lifetimes
D. were politically radical in a conservative era
E. preferred to write for the European rather than an American audience

39. Charles Lindbergh became a national hero for all of the following reasons except

A. He was seen as a modest, handsome daredevil

B. He made a solo flight across the Atlantic
C. He advocated American leadership in world affairs
D. He embodied American traditional values in the new industrialized society
E. His success incorporated elements of technology and invidualism

40. Of the following, the most important cause of the Great Depression was

a) soaring energy costs

b) serious dislocations in international trade

c) European abandonment of the gold standard

d) confiscatory social security taxes

e) excessive government spending

41. In 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover disagreed most strongly about the desirability of
a. federal relief to individuals
b. a program of public works
c. federal aid to corporations
d. farm price supports
e. a balanced federal budget

42. The National Industrial Recovery Act sought to combat the Great Depression by ...
a. ending private ownership of basic industries. b. reducing competition.
c. lowering prices. d. weakening organized labor.
 e. breaking up trusts.

43. During the presidencies of Harding and Coolidge, which of the following was true about most of the
federal regulatory agencies created during the Progressive Era?
a. They kept business divided into small, fiercely competitive units.
b. They were declared unconstitutional.
c. They were abolished.
d. They served mainly to aid business.
e. They were placed in the hands of the states.

44. Which of the following was most responsible for the change shown between 1938 and 1942 on the
chart above?
A. the illness and death of unemployed workers
B. a redefinition of unemployment by the United States Census
C. Legislation of the second New Deal
D. Industrial Mobilization related to the Second World War
E. a global economic boom following the great depression

45. "Now, a word about the whole Bible. I believe it is a master stroke of Satan to get us to doubt any portion
of the Bible. If he can get us to doubt just one thing in that book, he has accomplished a great point, and
it is going to be the overthrow of many a man's and woman's faith."

The passage above, from the nineteenth century, expresses the viewpoint of the proponents of
a. the Gospel of Wealth
b. the Social Gospel
c. the higher criticism
d. Deism
e. Fundamentalism

46. Which of the following statements about the Tennessee Valley Authority is correct? (A) It
was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. (B) It provided land for immigrants who
wanted to become farmers. (C) It was a state-sponsored agency established to restore eroded soil.
(D) It built dams that made rural electrification possible. (E) It built interstate highways in the
upper South.

47. Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon's policies did which of the following? (A)
Reduced income-tax rates for the wealthy to release money for private investment. (B) Provided
aid to the Allies during the First World War. (C) Provided federal guarantees for bank deposits.
(D) Restricted loans to Mexico after the Tampico and Veracruz incidents. (E) Combated the
Depression by giving lower income groups more purchasing power.

48. Which of the following best describes the Harlem Renaissance?

(A) The rehabilitation of a decaying urban area
(B) An outpouring of Black artistic and literary creativity
(C) The beginning of the NAACP
(D) The most famous art show of the early twentieth century
(E) The establishment of the back-to-Africa movement
19. Which of the following best characterizes the writers associated with the literary
flowing of the 1920's, such as Sinclair Lewis and F. Scott Fitzgerald?
A. Sympathy for Protestant fundamentalism
B. Nostalgia for the "good old days"
C. Commitment to the cause of racial equality
D. Advocacy of cultural isolationism
E. Criticism of middle-class conformity and materialism

78. President Herbert Hoover approached the task of caring for unemployed workers during
the Great Depression by (A) emphasizing the importance of private charities (B) asking large
corporations to hire war veteran (C) relying on the services of federal welfare agencies (D)
enlarging the federal government's payroll (E) reactivating the dole.

38. All of the following concerns were addressed during the “Hundred Days” of the New
Deal EXCEPT
(A) banking regulation
(B) unemployment relief
(C) agricultural adjustment
(D) homeowner mortgage support
(E) court restructuring

15. The objective of the Bonus Expeditionary Force that marched on Washington, D.C., in
1932 was to obtain (A) higher commodity prices for farmers (B) better education for children (C)
civil rights for African Americans (D) payment of money to veterans of the First World War (E)
legal rights for members of the Communist party.

79. During the 1930's, the Roosevelt administration did which of the following? (A) Ceded
the Panama Canal Zone to Panama (B) Granted immediate independence to the Philippines. (C)
Formally renounced the right to intervene in Latin America (D) Established the Organization of
American States. (E) Held a referendum in Puerto Rico on the commonwealth's entry into the
Union.

49. The Republican Presidents of the 1920's favored (A) membership in the League of Nations (B) tax cuts for
wealthy Americans (C) stringent federal regulation of American business (D) reduced American tariffs on foreign
imports (E) forgiveness of European war debts from the First World War.

During the 1930s, the Great Depression led to

A. the nationalization of major industries
B. the strengthening of the family unit and a higher birth rate
C. a decline in highway construction
D. a mass internal migration of Americans looking for work
E. a decrease in labor union membership

62. One means by which President Hoover attempted to fight the Great Depression was (A) the establishment of
the Tennessee Valley Authority (B) the establishment of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (C) a lowering of
barriers to free trade (D) the early payment of bonuses to veterans (E) direct government aid to the needy.
17) In the 1930’s, the movement led by Dr. Francis Townsend contributed to
congressional
approval of a law
A. insuring the bank deposits of consumers.
B. securing federal protection of labor union organizers.
C. providing larger federal subsidies to farmers.
D. implementing a federal program of old-age benefits.
E. protecting ethnic minorities from discrimination.

58. bonus expeditionary force

66. The cartoon above was intended primarily as a satirical comment on (A) Social Darwinism (B) the Ku Klux
Klan (C) the election of 1896 (D) the Scopes trial (E) Lochner v. New York.

25. All of the following contributed to the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment legislating
Prohibition in 1919 EXCEPT

(A) the continued efforts of the Anti-Saloon League

(B) the fervor of the First World War lending patriotism to the cause of prohibition

(C) the Progressive belief in social reform

(D) the cumulative impact of state prohibition laws

(E) the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents

7. The Congress of Industrial Organizations was most interested in unionizing which of the following?
(A) Migrant farmworkers
(B) White-collar factory managers
(C) Unskilled and semiskilled factory workers
(D) Sailors on American merchant ships
(E) Women clerical workers

13. Around 1920, the number of children aged 10 to 15 in the industrial workforce began to decline for which
of the following reasons? (A) The Supreme Court sustained laws barring the interstate sale of goods produced by
child labor. (B) Introduction of the minimum wage made child labor uneconomical. (C) The American birth rate
declined, thus reducing the number of children available to work. (D) Factory owners advocated state child labor
laws. (E) States began to require children to attend school until a certain age and to limit the ages at which they
could be employed.

34. The LEAST prosperous group in the 1920s consisted of (A) workers in older industries like steel and
railroads (B) workers in newer industries like radio and automobiles (C) farmers in the Midwest and the South (D)
skilled workers threatened by new labor-saving technologies (E) workers in service industries.