TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUYỄN DU – ĐAK LAK

I. WORD CHOICE (5 pts)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
I. 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. A
1. The man's choice to run away virtually __________ to an admission of guilt.
A. resulted B. came C. amounted D. added
amount to=to be in the same meaning or/and effect as something
add to=to make something larger, better or greater.
Come to =Tỉnh lại, hồi phục (sau hôn mê)
2. Environmental pollution has __________ many species to the verge of extinction.
A. sent B. thrown C. brought D. driven
drive someone/something to something =to force something into a bad state or situation.
3. After years of working together, the partners found themselves __________ linked.
A. permanently B. indelibly C. perpetually D. inextricably
A. permanently /ˈpɜː.mə.nənt.li/ (adv): lâu dài
B. perpetually /pəˈpetʃ.u.ə.li/ (adv): vĩnh viễn, bất diệt
C. indelibly /ɪnˈdel.ə.bli/ (adv): không thể tẩy xóa được
D. inextricably /ɪn.ɪkˈstrɪk.ə.bli/ (adv): gắn bó chặt chẽ
4. It was decided that the cost of the project would be __________ and so it was abandoned.
A. repressive B. prohibitive C. restrictive D. exclusive
A. repressive (a): khắc nghiệt
B. prohibitive (a): cấm (bởi luật); đắt đỏ đến mức không thể mua được
C. restrictive (a): hạn chế
D. exclusive (a): độc quyền
5. Living-by the ocean really __________ your __________. Once you've lived there, you never
want to leave.
A. came in/heart B. get in/heart C. run in/blood D. came in/blood
'Run in the blood' nghĩa là (nói về kỹ năng, phẩm chất) di truyền, bẩm sinh (to be innate, as of a
skill or quality; be characteristic of a family or passed on from one generation to the next).
6. Tamara has set her __________ on becoming a ballet-dancer.
A. feet B. brain C. head D. heart
set one's heart on something =have a strong desire for or to do.= có khao khát, mong muốn làm
gì
7. Paul's been in Alice's bad __________ ever since he offended her at the party.
A. eyes B. books C. likes D. treats
In one’s bad book = vào sổ đen của ai, người đó không thích giao du cùng
8. Knowing the confidential details gave him a(n) __________ over the other candidates.
A. edge B. possibility C. exertion D. fringe
give somebody an edge over something =an advantage that makes someone or something more
successful than other people or things
9. He promised me an Oxford dictionary and to my great joy, he __________ his word.
A. stood by B. stuck at C. went back on D. held onto
go back on one's word =fail to keep the promise= thất hứa
10. His new play is not only interesting but also unique. It is really off the beaten __________.
A. track B. road C. path D. route
off the beaten path/track (idm): không nổi tiếng, không được nhiều người biết đến
II. STRUCTURE AND GRAMMAR (5 pts)
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
II. 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. A
1. John: "Our teacher, Mr. Jones, is not very flexible. He always requires us to submit his
assignments on time."
Jack: “__________. He should know that we have to learn many subjects."
A. I can't disagree with you more B. I can't agree with you more
C. That can be true D. I am not with you here
couldn't agree/disagree more =If you say that you couldn't agree/disagree more, you mean that
you agree/disagree completely.
2. The more expensive carpet is a good choice __________ it will last longer.
A. by means of B. due to C. in that D. in view of
By means of = bằng cách due to + N = do là, nguyên do
In that + clause = bởi vì in view of = về mặt
3. There was no one downstairs; so he turned off the lights again and decided that she
__________ imagined things.
A. must have B. should have C. can't have D. needn't have
Must have P2 = Diễn đạt một ý kiến của mình theo suy luận logic.(về 1 hành động trong quá khứ)
Should/ought to have + PII: lẽ ra phải, lẽ ra nên,chỉ một việc lẽ ra (phải) đã xảy ra trong quá khứ,
nhưng trên thực tế là không
Can’t/couldn’t have +PII: dùng diễn đạt điều gì đó chắc chắn không xảy ra trong quá khứ:
Needn’t + have + P2 : Lẽ ra không cần phải, nhưng trên thực tế là đã.
4. Little Deon: "This herb smells horrible!"
Mommy: __________ it will do you a power of good.
A. Be that as it may B. Come what may
C. How much horrible is it D. Whatever it smells
Come what may: dù khó khăn đến mấy/dù có rắc rối gì đi nữa
Be that as it may: cho dù như thế
5. __________ I've told him not to go out with those people, but he wouldn't listen. Just let him
face the music now.
A. Many a time B. Many the time C. Quite a time D. For a time
Many a time = many times => many a noun (singular) --> many a noun (plural)
6. __________ as taste is really a composite sense made up of both taste and smell.
A. That we refer to B. What we refer to
C. To which we refer D. What do we refer to
A. Cái việc mà chúng ta quy cho là vị thực chất là một cảm giác hỗn hợp của cả vị và mùi hương
=> không có nghĩa vì "that" mang nghĩa "rằng/cái mà"
B. Đúng, vì "what" mang nghĩa "cái mà", làm tân ngữ cho động từ'refer to'
C. Which (cái nào trong một số cái trong một giới hạn nào đó) không phù hợp về nghĩa
D. Sai về mặt ngữ pháp vì đảo trợ động từ “do” nên như thế chỉ dùng trong câu nghi vấn
Dịch nghĩa: Thứ mà chúng ta quy cho là vị thực chất là một cảm giác hỗn hợp của cả vị và mùi
hương.
7. __________ the water clear but also prevent the river from overflowing.
A. Not only the hippo's eating habits keep
B. Keep not only the hippo's eating habits
C. The hippo's eating habits not only keep
D. Not only keep the hippo's eating habits
Giải thích: S + not only +V1 + but also + V2
Ta thấy “but also prevent”(động từ nguyên thể) nên sau “not only” cũng cần dùng động từ
nguyên thể. Ta loại được đáp án A, B. Lại có đáp án D khi ghép vào câu làm câu vô nghĩa. Như
vậy đáp án chính xác là C
8. Computer are said to be __________ for the development of mankind.
A. here today B. here and there C. here to stay D. neither here nor there
A. here today, gone tomorrow: chóng tàn, chỉ tồn tại trong thời gian ngắn
B. here and there: khắp nơi
C. here to stay: được chấp nhận rộng rãi, được sử dụng lâu dài
D. neither here nor there: không đúng vào vấn đề
9. Did the minister approve the building plans?- Not really, he turned them down __________
that the costs were too high.
A. in case B. provided C. on the grounds D. supposing
A. in case + clause: phòng khi B. supposing (that): giả sử
C. provided (that): nếu D. on the grounds (that): trên cơ sở
Tạm dịch: "Bộ trưởng có thông qua kế hoạch xây dựng không?" "Không. Ông đã từ chối trên cơ
sở rằng các chi phí quá cao.
10. It was such a loud noise __________ everyone in the house
A. as to wake B. that to wake C. so as to wake D. that waking
=> Cấu trúc: Such...+ as to + động từ nguyên thể theo sau
III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 pts)
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
III. 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. C 7, C 8. B 9. B 10. D
1. He __________ a big fortune when he was young, so he didn't have to work hard.
A. came into B. came up C. came across D. came round
A. come into: được thừa hưởng
B. come up: tới gần, xảy ra
C. come across: tình cờ gặp
D. come round: đi vòng, hồi tỉnh
Dịch nghĩa: Họ được thừa hưởng một khối tài sản lớn khi còn rất trẻ, vậy nên họ đã không cần
phải vất vả làm việc nữa.
2. Are you taking __________ all of these phrasal verbs?
A. for B. down C. off D. in
Take in =Tiếp thu kiến thức , hiểu được điều gì
Take off = cất cánh, thành công
Take down =Rời đi, đem đi , ghi chú
3. The medicine takes one hour to __________.
A. bear with B. kick in C. make out D. get by
kick in: có tác dụng Bear with =Kiên nhẫn, chịu đựng
Make out =Thực hiện trả bằng séc cho ai đó, giả vờ get by = Chỉ có đủ tiền để sống
4. Have you __________ with your homework yet?
A. gotten through B. taken over C. thought up D. checked over
Get through = To complete something. Take over = đảm nhiệm
Think up =Nảy ra ý tưởng (khi đang nằm) Check over =Kiểm tra kĩ càng, cẩn thận
5. Jennifer __________ the invitation to join us for dinner.
A. called on B. come out C. got out of D. passed on
Pass on =Gửi tin nhắn, thông điệp cho ai đó, từ chối lời mời hoặc cơ hội
6. If he's clumsy, he can bump __________ the desk.
A. by B. over C. into D. through
Bump into =Chạm trán (tình gặp gặp)
7. We can put you __________ for a few days if you have nowhere else to live.
A. on B. out C. up D. off
Put sb up = cho ai đó ở nhờ
8. Mary was astonished that she was __________ for the counselor's position.
A. got by B. turned down C. caught on D. away from
Turn down = từ chối get by = Chỉ có đủ tiền để sống
9. After running up the stairs, I was __________ breath.
A. without B. out of C. no D. come to
out of breath = hết hơi
10. She nearly lost her own life __________ attempting to save the child from drowning.
A. with B. for C. at D. in
in attempt to do sth = nỗ lực làm gì
IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5 pts)
IV 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. A
1. I felt a bit __________ and seemed to have more aches and pains than usual.
A. out of sorts B. over the worst C. on the mend D. under the fever
out of sorts: ốm, yếu, buồn chán.
on the mend: hồi phục
over the worst: vượt qua điều tồi tệ nhất
2. A: 'Oh, I'm exhausted! I've been doing homework all day."
B: 'Come and put your __________up for 5 minutes and I'll make you a cup of tea."
A. hands B. hair C. heart D. feet
Put one’s feet up = nghỉ ngơi, thư giãn = let one’s hair down
3. His English was roughly __________ with my Greek, so communication was rather difficult!
A. levelled B. on a par C. equal D. in tune
on a par with somebody/ something: bằng, ngang tầm/ chất lượng với ai, cái gì
in tune with someone/something =having a good understanding of someone or something
4. Although she had never used a word-proceesor before, she soon got the __________ of it.
A. feel B. touch C. move D. hang
"Get the hang of something" = hiểu cách làm -> nghĩa là học cách làm một việc gì đó đúng đắn,
nhất là khi nó không dễ dàng và rõ ràng
5. I overslept this morning and caught the last bus to school by the skin of my __________.
A. mouth B. leg C. neck D. teeth
By the skin of one’s teeth' có nghĩa là chỉ vừa đủ thì giờ để làm một điều gì, hay hoàn thành một
điều gì trong gang tấc
6. If you want a flat in the centre of the city, you have to pay through the __________ for it.
A. teeth B. back of your head C. nose D. arm
Pay through the nose for sth = trả giá đắt, cao cho điều gì
7. You will be putting your life on the __________ if you take up skydiving.
A. ground B. line C. way D. lane
Ta có cụm từ sau: On the line (idm): có nguy cơ thất bại hoặc bị hãm hại, gặp nguy hiểm
Tạm dịch: Bạn sẽ đặt cuộc cuộc của mình vào nguy cơ gặp hiểm họa nếu như bạn muốn bắt đầu
sở thích với môn nhảy dù.
*Note: + Ngoài ra, cụm “on the line” trong một ngữ cảnh khác, nó có thể mang nghĩa là “đang
nghe máy, đang có kết nối điện thoại với ai”
+ take up sth (phr.v); bắt đầu một thói quen, sở thích với cái gì
8. As far as her future goes, Olivia is __________. She hasn't got a clue what career to follow.
A. on the level B. all at sea C. behind the scenes D. in the know
all at sea =very confused and disorganise = bối rối, lúng túng
on the level = thành thật, trung thật
in the know =to be in the known about something is to know about that thing when it is not
understood by many other
behind the scenes = kín, bí mật
9. Your husband was a bit out of control at the party, to __________ mildly.
A. take it B. put it C. say D. tell
Put it mildly" -> nghĩa là nói giảm nói tránh, vì thực tế câu chuyện còn kinh khủng hơn thế.
10. There is a large effort __________ to rebuild arts education in the New York city public
schools.
A. under way B. a long way C. out of the way D. in the way
under way = đang tiến hành
a long way to go =a lot of work to do or improvements to make
be out of the way =If a place or a building is out of the way, it is a long distance from where
most people live
in the way =in a position that prevents something from happening or someone from moving
V. READING COMPREHENSION (10PTS):
Read the pasages below and choose the best answer to each question.
PASSAGE 1
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. B
They are just four, five and six years old right now, but already they are making criminologists
nervous. They are growing up, too frequently, in abusive or broken homes, with little adult
supervision and few positive role models. Left to themselves, they spend much of their time
hanging out on the streets or soaking up violent TV shows. By the year 2005 they will be
teenagers-a group that tends to be, in the view of Northeastern University criminologist James
Alan Fox, "temporary sociopaths-impulsive and immature.". If they also have easy access to
guns and drugs, they can be extremely dangerous.
For all the heartening news offered by recent crime statistics, there is an ominous flip side. While
the crime rate is dropping for adults, it is soaring for teens. Between 1990 and 1994, the rate at
which adults age 25 and older committed homicides declined 22%; yet the rate jumped 16% for
youths between 14 and 17, the age group that in the early '90s supplanted 18- to 24. year-olds as
the most crime-prone. And that is precisely the age group that will be booming in the next
decade. There are currently 39 million children under 10 in the U.S., more than at any time since
the 1950s. "This is the calm before the crime storm." says Fox. "So long as we fool ourselves in
thinking that we're winning the war against crime, we may be blindsided by this bloodbath of
teenage violence that is lurking in the future."
Demographics don't have to be destiny, but other social trends do little to contradict the dire
predictions. Nearly all the factors that contribute to youth crime-single-parent households, child
abuse, deteriorating inner-city schools are getting worse. At the same time, government is
becoming less, not more. interested in spending money to help break the cycle of poverty and
crime. All of which has led John J. Dilulio Jr., a professor of politics and public affairs at
Princeton, to warn about a new generation of "super predators," youngsters who are coming of
age in actual and "moral poverty," without "the benefit of parents, teachers, coaches and clergy
to teach them right or wrong and show them unconditional love."
Predicting a generation's future crime patterns is, of course, risky; especially when outside
factors (Will crack use be up or down? Will gun laws be tightened?) remain unpredictable.
Michael Tonry, a professor of law and public policy at the University of Minnesota, argues that
the demographic doomsayers are unduly alarmist. "There will be a slightly larger number of
people relative to the overall population who are at high risk for doing bad things, so that's going
to have some effect," he concedes. "But it's not going to be an apocalyptic effect." Norval Morris,
professor of law and criminology at the University of Chicago, finds Dilulio's notion of super
predators too simplistic: "The human animal in young males is quite a violent animal all over the
world. The people who put forth the theory of moral poverty lack a sense of history and
comparative criminology."
Yet other students of the inner city are more pessimistic. "All the basic elements that spawn
teenage crime are still in place, and in many cases the indicators are worse," says Jonathan Kozol,
author of Amazing Grace, an examination of poverty in the South Bronx. "There's a dramatic
increase of children in foster care, and that's a very high-risk group of kids. We're not creating
new jobs, and we're not improving education to suit poor people for the jobs that exist."
Can anything defuse the demographic time bomb? Fox urges "reinvesting in children":
improving schools, creating after-school programs and providing other alternatives to gangs and
drugs. Dilulio, a law-and-order conservative, advocates tougher prosecution and wants to
strengthen religious institutions to instill better values. Yet he opposes the Gingrich-led effort to
make deep cuts in social programs. "A failure to maintain existing welfare and health
commitment for kids," he says, "is to guarantee that the next wave of juvenile predators will be
even worse than we're dealing with today." Dilulio urges fellow conservatives to think of
Medicaid not as a health-care program but as "an anticrime policy."
(Source: Time Magazine)

1. Young children are making criminologists nervous because __________.

A. they are committing too much crime
B. they are impulsive and immature
C. they may grow up to be criminals
D. they have no role models
Clue: “By the year 2005 they will be teenagers-a group that tends to be, in the view of
Northeastern University criminologist James Alan Fox, "temporary sociopaths-impulsive and
immature.". If they also have easy access to guns and drugs, they can be extremely
dangerous.”(Chúng sẽ là thanh thiếu niên-một nhóm có xu hướng, "hành động chống đối xã hội
tạm thời và chưa chín chắc,theo quan điểm của nhà tội phạm học của Đại học Đông Bắc James
Alan Fox năm 2005.Nếu chúng cũng dễ dàng tiếp cận với súng và ma túy, chúng có thể cực kỳ
nguy hiểm.)
2. The general crime rate in the US is __________.
A. increasing B. decreasing C. not changing D. difficult to predict
Clue: Khi đọc câu này, bạn sẽ thấy ngay ở đoạn văn thứ 2 có câu mở đầu là For all the
heartening news offered by recent crime statistics...= Dù có những tin tức đáng mừng được cung
cấp bởi thống kê tội phạm gần đây….
=> Từ heartening news có nghĩa là tin tốt nên có thể suy ra nhận định tỉ lệ phạm tội chung đã
giảm.
3. The age group which commits the highest rate of crime is __________.
A. 14-17 B. 18-24 C. 24+ D. the old
Clue: Between 1990 and 1994, the rate at which adults age 25 and older committed homicides
declined 22%; yet the rate jumped 16% for youths between 14 and 17, the age group that in the
early '90s supplanted 18- to 24. year-olds as the most crime-prone=Từ năm 1990 đến 1994, tỷ lệ
người lớn từ 25 tuổi trở lên phạm tội giết người đã giảm 22%; tuy nhiên, tỷ lệ này đã tăng 16%
đối với thanh niên từ 14 đến 17 tuổi, nhóm tuổi mà vào đầu những năm 90 đã thay thế những
người từ 18 đến 24 tuổi trở thành nhóm dễ phạm tội nhất
4. James Fox believes that the improvement in crime figures could __________.
A. make us complacent in the fight against crime
B. result in an increase in teenage violence
C. make us become fooled and blindsided
D. result in a decrease in teenage violence
Clue: “This is the calm before the crime storm,” says Fox. “So long as we fool ourselves in
thinking that we’re winning the war against crime, we may be blindsided by this bloodbath of
teenage violence that is lurking in the future.”
=>Kết nối với phần trước, ý kiến của Fox nhận định là vì chúng ta thấy các số liệu tội phạm nói
chung đang giảm, chúng ta nghĩ mình đang chiến thắng trong cuộc chiến chống tội phạm, chúng
ta có thể không nhận thấy tình trạng dòng máu bạo lực của tuổi teen có thể là mối họa trong
tương lai.
5. According to paragraph 3, the government __________.
A. cutting down on the budget
B. is doing everything it can to solve the problem
C. is not interested in solving the problem
D. is not doing enough to solve the problem
Clue: At the same time, government is becoming less, not more. interested in spending money to
help break the cycle of poverty and crime” (Đồng thời, chính phủ đang trở nên ít quan tâm hơn
chứ không nhiều hơn đến việcdùng tiền để giúp phá vỡ vòng lặp nghèo đói và tội phạm)
6. In comparison with James Fox, Michael Tonry is __________.
A. more pessimistic B. less pessimistic C. equally pessimistic D. indifferent
Clue: - thông tin ở đoạn 4: Michael Tonry, a professor of law and public policy at the University
of Minnesota, argues that the demographic doomsayers are unduly alarmist...."it's not going to be
an apocalyptic effect.”
Ở đây, Michael Tonry giáo sư luật và chính sách công ở trường University of Minnesota thì cho
rằng những người như James Fox đang quan trọng hóa quá mức vấn đề và nó không có hậu quả
khủng khiếp như họ nói.
=> Vì thế, câu trả lời đúng là B. less pessimistic – anh ta ít bi quan hơn.
7. Jonathan Kozol believes that __________.
A. there is no solution to the problem
B. employment and education are not the answer
C. employment and education can improve the situation
D. people can solve the problem by improving schools
Clue: Ở đoạn 5, là trích dẫn về ý kiến Jonathan Kozol. Ông ấy có kết luận rằng:
We're not creating new jobs, and we're not improving education to suit poor people for the jobs
that exist.
=>Từ ý kiến của ông, ông nói rằng công việc và giáo dục không được cải thiện là một trong
những nguyên nhân dẫn đến tình trạng trên. Nên suy ra nếu vấn đề này được giải quyết thì sẽ
thay đổi được thực trạng. Nên câu trả lời là C.
8. Professor Dilulio thinks that spending on social programs__________.
A. should continue as it is B. should be decreased
C. is irrelevant to crime rates D. is a better solution to the problem
Clue: Yet he opposes the Gingrich-led effort to make deep cuts in social programs. "A failure to
maintain existing welfare and health commitment for kids," he says, "is to guarantee that the next
wave of juvenile predators will be even worse than we're dealing with today." = Tuy nhiên, ông
ấy phản đối nỗ lực của Gingrich để cắt giảm sâu các chương trình xã hội. "Thất bại trong việc
duy trì cam kết về phúc lợi và sức khỏe hiện có cho trẻ em," ông ấy nói, "điều này sẽ đảm bảo
rằng đợt tấn công tội phạm của tuổi trẻ tiếp theo sẽ tồi tệ hơn hẳn so với những gì chúng ta đang
đối mặt hôm nay."
=>Có thể hiểu ý của ông là thất bại trong việc duy trì phúc lợi và sức khỏe cho trẻ em thì tình
trạng có thể tồi tệ hơn ngày nay. Nên cần tiếp tục duy trì chương trình phúc lợi mới đảm bảo
được không gia tăng tội phạ.
9. The word 'lurking" in the paragraph 2 can be best replaced by __________.
A. happening B. hiding C. impending D. looming
Căn cứ theo nghĩa: lurking: ẩn núp, rình rập= hiding
10. The sentence "This is the calm before the crime storm." means "__________.”
A. There will be population booming in in the next decade
B. The age group committing crime most in the next decade is now under 10
C. The age group 14-17 will commit the most crimes in the next decade
D. People will be successful in dealing with the war against crime in the next decade.
Clue: There are currently 39 million children under 10 in the U.S., more than at any time since
the 1950s. "This is the calm before the crime storm." says Fox. "So long as we fool ourselves in
thinking that we're winning the war against crime, we may be blindsided by this bloodbath of
teenage violence that is lurking in the future."(Hiện tại có 39 triệu trẻ em dưới 10 tuổi ở Hoa Kỳ,
nhiều hơn bất cứ lúc nào kể từ những năm 1950. "Đây là sự bình tĩnh trước cơn bão tội phạm."
Fox nói. "Chừng nào chúng ta còn tự lừa mình khi nghĩ rằng chúng ta sẽ chiến thắng trong cuộc
chiến chống tội phạm, chúng ta có thể bị che mắt bởi cuộc đổ máu của bạo lực tuổi teen đang
tiềm ẩn trong tương lai.")
PASSAGE 2: For questions 1-6, read the text below and choose the correct heading for
each paragraph B-G from the list of headings below (i-x). There are more headings than
paragraphs. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an
example at the beginning. (5pts)
1. ix 7. physical chemistry
2. ii 8. thermodynamics
3. vii 9. adapt
4. I 10. immortality
5. viii (7 and 8 can be in either order)
6. iv

HOW DOES THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK TICK?

HOW DOES THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK TICK?

A. Our life span is restricted. Everyone accepts this as 'biologically' obvious. ‘Nothing lives for
ever!’ However, in this statement we think of artificially produced, technical objects, products
which are subjected to natural wear and tear during use. This leads to the result that at some time
or other the object stops working and is unusable ('death' in the biological sense). But are the
wear and tear and loss of function of technical objects and the death of living organisms really
similar or comparable?

B. ix - Fundamental differences in ageing of objects and organisms

Our ‘dead’ products are ‘static’, closed systems. It is always the basic material which constitutes
the object and which, in the natural course of things, is worn down and becomes 'older’. Ageing
in this case must occur according to the laws of physical chemistry and of thermodynamics.
Although the same law holds for a living organism, the result of this law is not inexorable in the
same way.= Mặc dù cũng cùng quy luật đó áp dụng cho một sinh vật sống, nhưng kết quả của
quy luật này không phải là phải xảy ra theo cách tương tự. At least as long as a biological system
has the ability to renew itself it could actually become older without ageing; an organism is an
open, dynamic system through which new material continuously flows. Destruction of old
material and formation of new material are thus in permanent dynamic equilibrium. The material
of which the organism is formed changes continuously. Thus our bodies continuously exchange
old substance for new, just like a spring which more or less maintains its form and movement,
but in which the water molecules are always different.

C. ii- Why dying is beneficial

Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses
many mechanisms for repair. It is not, in principle, necessary for a biological system to age and
die. Nevertheless, a restricted life span, ageing, and then death are basic characteristics of life.
The reason for this is easy to recognise: in nature, the existent organisms either adapt or are
regularly replaced by new types. Because of changes in the genetic material (mutations) these
have new characteristics and in the course of their individual lives they are tested for optimal or
better adaptation to the environmental conditions. Immortality would disturb this system - it
needs room for new and better life. This is the basic problem of evolution= Sự bất tử sẽ làm xáo
trộn hệ thống này — nó cần chỗ cho sự sống mới và tốt đẹp hơn. Đây là vấn đề cơ bản của sự
tiến hóa.

D. vii.A stable life span despite improvements

Every organism has a life span which is highly characteristic. There are striking differences in
life span between different species, but within one species the parameter is relatively constant.
For example, the average duration of human life has hardly changed in thousands of years.
Although more and more people attain an advanced age as a result of developments in medical
care and better nutrition, the characteristic upper limit for most remains 80 years= ặc dù ngày
càng có nhiều người có được tuổi thọ cao hơn do sự phát triển của chăm sóc y tế và chế độ dinh
dưỡng tốt hơn, giới hạn trên đặc trưng cho hầu hết vẫn là 80 tuổi. A further argument against the
simple wear and tear theory is the observation that the time within which organisms age lies
between a few days (even a few hours for unicellular organisms) and several thousand years, as
with mammoth trees.

=> Một tuổi thọ ổn định mặc dù có những cải tiến.

E. i The biological clock

If a lifespan is a genetically determined biological characteristic, it is logically necessary to

propose the existence of an internal clock, which in some way measures and controls the aging
process and which finally determines death as the last step in a fixed programme= Nếu tuổi thọ
là một đặc điểm sinh học được xác định về mặt di truyền, thì về mặt logic, cần phải đề xuất sự
tồn tại của một chiếc đồng hồ bên trong, theo một cách nào đó, nó đo lường và kiểm soát quá
trình lão hóa và cuối cùng xác định cái chết là bước cuối cùng trong một chương trình cố định.
Like the fife span, the metabolic rate has for different organisms a fixed mathematical
relationship to the body mass. In comparison to the life span this relationship is ‘inverted’: the
larger the organism the lower its metabolic rate. Again this relationship is valid not only for birds,
but also, similarly on average within the systematic unit, for all other organisms (plants, animals,
unicellular organisms).

F. viii Energy consumption

Animals which behave ‘frugally’ with energy become particularly old for example, crocodiles
and tortoises.Parrots and birds of prey are often held chained up. Thus they are not able to
‘experience life’ and so they attain a high life span in captivity. Animals which save energy by
hibernation or lethargy (e.g. bats or hedgehogs) live much longer than those which are always
active.The metabolic rate of mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food (hunger
diet) They then may live twice as long as their well fed comrades. Women become distinctly
(about 10 per cent) older than men.= Những loài động vật sử dụng năng lượng 'tiết kiệm' sẽ đặc
biệt sống lâu, chẳng hạn như cá sấu và rùa cạn. Vẹt và chim săn mồi thường bị xích lại. Vì vậy,
chúng không thể 'trải nghiệm cuộc sống' và vì vậy chúng có tuổi thọ cao trong tình trạng bị giam
cầm. Động vật tiết kiệm năng lượng bằng cách ngủ đông hoặc hôn mê (ví dụ: dơi hoặc nhím)
sống lâu hơn nhiều so với những động vật luôn hoạt động. Tỷ lệ trao đổi chất của chuột có thể bị
giảm do tiêu thụ rất ít thức ăn (chế độ ăn kiêng). Sau đó, chúng có thể sống lâu gấp đôi so với
những đồng đội được ăn uống đầy đủ của chúng. Phụ nữ sống lâu hơn rõ rệt (khoảng 10%) so
với nam giới. If you examine the metabolic rates of the two sexes you establish that the higher
male metabolic rate roughly accounts for the lower male life span. That means that they live life
‘energetically’ - more intensively, but not for as long.

G. iv Prolonging your life

It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend to extend life= Từ
những điều trên, việc sử dụng tiết kiệm năng lượng dự trữ sẽ có xu hướng kéo dài tuổi
thọ.Extreme high performance sports may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they
quite certainly do not prolong life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate, as does adequate sleep and
in general an equable and balanced personality. Each of us can develop his or her own ‘energy
saving programme’ with a little self observation, critical self-control and, above all, logical
consistency. Experience will show that to live in this way not only increases the life span but is
also very healthy. This final aspect should not be forgotten.

Example answer: Paragraph A: v

Questions 7-10, complete the notes below

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your
answers in boxes 7-10

 Objects age in accordance with principles of (7) __________ and of (8) _________

=>Clue:- Ageing in this case must occur according to the laws of physical chemistry and of
thermodynamics.= Lão hóa trong trường hợp này phải xảy ra theo quy luật hóa lý và nhiệt động
lực học.

 Through mutations, organisms can (9) __________ better to the environment

=>Clue: Because of changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics
and in the course of their individual lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the
environmental conditions.

 (10) __________ would pose a serious problem for the theory of evolution

=>Clue: Immortality would disturb this system - it needs room for new and better life. = Sự bất
tử sẽ làm xáo trộn hệ thống này - nó cần chỗ cho sự sống mới và tốt đẹp hơn.

VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST (10pts):

Read the following passages and decide which option A, B, C or D best fits each space.
PASSAGE 1
1．C 2。A 3。D 4。D 5。B 6。C 7。D 8。B 9。C 10。A
The coolest kids in Europe share a single (1) __________ they want to get married, have
children and live happily ever after. They know it means (2) __________ their children first and
sticking with their spouses even if they slip out of love. This news comes from the report of a
new study that (3) __________ out to find the answer to the modem riddle: What will today's
youth really, really want tomorrow?
Poignantly, one of the clearest answers is that they want to have happy families. Even in the
most (4) __________ countries there was condemnation for divorce, demands that parents
should keep their marriage (5) __________ and admiration for stable couples.
It appears that among the middle classes, the quality of our children's lives has suffered from the
pressures on parents in high-stress professions. In the days when the concept of 'quality time'
first (6) __________ I remember seeing a TV producer on (7) __________ dial home on her
mobile phone to read her son a bedtime story. This is just not good enough.
Quality time cannot be time (8) __________. Children need unconditional time in the same way
that they need unconditional love. This study found a generation that had given up trying to (9)
__________ its parents' attention but was (10) __________ to do better by its own children.
1. A. drive B. eagerness C. ambition D. yearning
Drive = nỗ lực, nghị lực eagerness= sự say mê, háo hức
Ambition = hoài bão, khát vọng, tham vọng yearning =sự mong mỏi, ao ước
2. A. putting B. keeping C. having D. wanting
put someone/something first =to treat someone or something as being more important than
anyone or anything else = đăt ai, cái gì lên hàng đầu, ưu tiên số 1
3. A. made B. aimed C. looked D. set
Set out to do sth = to start an activity with a particular aim
4. A. loose B. relaxed C. generous D. liberal
Loose = lỏng lẻo relaxed= thoải mái generous = hào phóng liberal = tự do
5. A. oaths B. vows C. pledges D. promises
marriage vows = lời thề trong hôn nhân
oath = tuyên thệ pledge = lời cam kết promise = hứa
6. A. proceeded B. revealed C. emerged D. rose
Proceed= tiếp tục reveal = tiếp tục emerge = nổi lên, xuất hiện rise = tăng lên
7. A. site B. place C. situation D. location
Location (vị trí, nơi): Chỉ một điểm hoặc vị trí cụ thể trong không gian vật lý và địa lý
Place (địa điểm, nơi): Chỉ một khu vực, mang tính chung chung
Site (nơi): Dùng để chỉ vị trí của một vật hoặc một công trình kiến trúc
Situation = tình huống
8. A. organized B. managed C. controlled D. disciplined
Organize = tổ chức manage = quản lý ( thời gian ) controll = kiểm soát discipline = kỷ luật
9. A. have B. make C. get D. take
Get one’s attention = đạt được, có được sự chú ý của ai đó
10. A. determined B. firm C. persistent D. stubborn
Determined = kiên quyết, quyết tâm firm = vững lòng, chắc chắn
Persistent = kiên trì stubborn = Bướng bỉnh, ương ngạnh, ngoan cố
PASSAGE 2
KIWI SURPRISE
1.D 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6.B 7.C 8. D 9.C 10. A
When a work project gave me the opportunity to return to New Zealand, I spent several weeks (1)
__________ a country I had left in my early twenties. I'd forgotten about the petrol stations
where men in smart uniforms (2) __________ to you. They fill your tank, check your oil and
still (3) __________ you less than one third of the British price for fuel. And the people rush to
your assistance if they see you (4) __________ over a map. Or the blissful absence of tips.
Locals simply cannot understand why anybody should expect to pay extra for friendly efficient
service.
Given that New Zealand has about 3,000 kilometers of coastline, it should come as no (5)
__________ that social life (6) __________ around the sea. When Auckland office workers
leave their desks at the end of the working day, they don't (7) __________ home. Instead, they
(8) __________ a beeline for the marina and spend the evening under sail on the Hauraki Gulf.
There are more yachts in Auckland than in any other city in the world- no wonder it's called the
City of Sails. Even those who can't afford a (9) __________ of their own will always know
someone who has one, or at the very least, will windsurf the offshore breezes a speeds that make
the commuter ferries appear to stand (10) __________.

1. A. regaining B. recapturing C. refamiliarizing D. rediscovering

Rediscover= khám phá lại regain = giành lại, chiếm lại
Refamiliarize= làm quen lại recapture= bắt lại, đoạt lại
2. A. assist B. attend C. supply D. serve
attend to someone/something =to help someone or deal with something
assist = hỗ trợ supply = cung cấp serve = phục vụ
3. A. charge B. ask C. require D. demand
Charge = tính giá, đòi trả ask = hỏi require = đòi hỏi, yêu cầu demand = yêu cầu
4. A. pointing B. doubting C. clamoring D. puzzling
Puzzle over sth = to think for a long time about something because you cannot understand or
solve it
5. A. wonder B. surprise C. amazement D. news
Come as no surprise to sb = không có gì là ngạc nhiên dối với ai
6. A. centers B. revolves C. turns D. gathers
revolve around sb/sth =to have someone or something as the main or most important interest or
subject
7. A. move B. aim C. head D. divert
Head = to go in a particular direction Move = di chuyển
aim = nhắm, hướng vào, tập trung vào divert= đổi chiều, chuyển hướng
8. A. have B. do C. get D. make
Make a beeline for = lao thẳng về nơi nào
9. A. vehicle B. hull C. vessel D. receptacle
Vehicle = phương tiện hull = thân tàu
Vessel= thuyền, tàu lớn receptacle= thùng đựng, bình chứa
10. A. still B. dead C. afloat D. upright
stand still =to not change or progress at all, even though time has passed
B. WRITTEN TEST (70pts)
1. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20 pts): Read the passages below and fill each blank with ONE
word.
CLOZE TEST 1 (10pts)
1. who => đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, thay thế cho dnah từ đứng trước
2. To => draw to a close = đi đến kết thúc
3. Having=> having + P2 chỉ ra rằng trong mệnh đề phân từ xảy ra trước hành động ở mệnh đề
chính
4. Of => bereft of sth = not having (something that is needed, wanted, or expected)
5. due => Due to = bởi vì, do
6. What => cấu trúc: What + to be + Adj/ Noun
7. A=> be a substitute for sth = có một sự thay thế cho cái gì
8. It => dùng để thay thế cho danh từ số ít khi nhắc lại từ lần thứ hai trở đi
9. including = bao gồm,kể cả
10. that => be excited that + clause = cảm thấy hào hứng rằng
As a result of the recent discovery of lunar water, the moon has suddenly become a far more
interesting place for investors, (1) __________ must now view the long-term prospects with
optimism. The last manned mission to the moo drew (2) __________ a close in 1973, when two
astronauts from Apollo 17 climbed back into their lunar module, (3) __________ collected a lot
of moonrock, but bereft (4) __________ any future plans. Now the moon shines brighter for
astronauts and scientists alike, (5) __________ to the existence of (6) __________ might be
billions of tonnes of water at the poles.
There is (7) __________ high-tech substitute for water in space exploration. To support the
international space station, (8) __________ has cost at least $100,000 a day to send water into
orbit. Not only would lunar water cut these costs, but it would additionally be used for rocket
fuel, (9) __________ two components, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, are the elements
found in water.
Scientists are particularly excited (10) __________, given the absence of an atmosphere, lunar
water has never been recycled and they believe, therefore, that it could very well hold clues to
the formation of the solar system itself.

CLOZE TEST 2 (10pts)

1. using/analysing => use/analyze data = sử dung/ phân tích dữ liệu
2. Came => come in use = đi vào sử dụng, bắt đầu được sử dụng bởi nhiều người
3. extracts/sounds/ utterances = đonạ trích/ âm thanh/sự phát âm, sự đọc rõ
4. faced/ tackled/considered/ solved = đối mặt/ giải quyết/ cân nhắc
5. Those => dùng để thay thế cho danh từ số nhiều “ problems”
6. Pay => pay attention to = chú ý đến điều gì, ai đó
7.nor => cấu trúc đảo ngữ: Neither/Nor + Trợ từ + Chủ ngữ
8. Make => make judgments about = đưa ra đánh giá về
9. Switch => switch off = Tắt nguồn điện , ngừng chú ý
10. being => notice somebody/something doing something: để ý thấy ai đó / cái gì đó làm gì đó

For over two hundred years, scholars have shown an interest in the way children learn to speak
and understand their language. Several small-scale studies were carried out, especially towards
the end of the nineteenth century, (1) __________ data recorded in parental diaries. But detailed,
systematic investigation did not begin until the middle decades of the twentieth century, when
the tape recorder (2) __________ into routine use. This made it possible to keep a permanent
record of samples of child speech, so that analysts could listen repeatedly to obscure (3)
__________, and thus produce a detailed and accurate description. The problems that have (4)
__________ when investigating child speech are quite different from (5) __________
encountered when working with adults. It is not possible to carry out certain kinds of
experiments, because aspects of children's cognitive development, such as their ability to (6)
__________ attention or to remember instructions, may not be sufficiently advanced. (7)
__________ is it easy to get children to (8) __________ systematic judgments about language - a
task that is virtually impossible below the age of three. Moreover, anyone who has tried to make
a tape recording of a representative sample of a child's speech knows how frustrating this can be.
Some children, it seems, are innately programmed to (9) __________ off as soon as they notice a
tape recorder (10) __________ switched on.

II. WORD FORMATIONS (20 pts)

PART 1: Complete the sentence with the correct form of the given word. (10 pts)
1. The private school feared losing its __________ with the state's university system. (CREDIT)
2. That the child behaved __________ made the couple happy. (DEAR)
3. The candidate made a(n) __________ speech that incensed all those who heard it. (FLAME)
4. The business is __________ as it can no longer meet the repayments on its debt. (SOLVE)
5. A __________ is a popular place for tourists and travellers to send and receive emails. (CAFE)
6. In Scotland, there is greater emphasis on __________ by individual schools. (VALUE)
7. Babies affected by the disease will be born small, __________ and brain-damaged. (FORM)
8. She stood there completely __________, so I had no idea at all what she was thinking.
(EXPRESS)
9. "What if" questions involving __________ are familiar in historical speculations. (FACT)
10. The Prime Minister warned the people of his country that they must be ready for
any__________- even the possibility of war. (EVENT)
1, accreditation= the fact of being officially recognized, accepted, or approved of, or the act
of officially recognizing, accepting, or approving of something
2. endearingly = in a way that makes someone like you
3, inflammatory= likely to excite strong feelings, esp. of anger
4. insolvent= (especially of a company) not having enough money to pay debts, buy goods, etc.
5.cyber-café= a small, informal restaurant where you can pay to use the internet
6. self-evaluation = a judgment made by an employee about their own work, abilities, etc., or the
process of doing this
7. Deformed= with a shape that has not developed normally
8. expressionless= not showing what someone thinks or feels
9.counter-factuals= something such as piece of writing or an argument that considers what
would have been the result if events had happened in a different way to how they actually
happened
10. eventuality= something unpleasant or unexpected that might happen or exist in the future

PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
(10pts)
offend respect irritate temper tolerate
burst construct organize compose ground

ANGER
We've all felt anger at some time, whether as faint annoyance or blind rage. Anger is a normal,
sometime useful human emotion, but uncontrolled (1) __________ of temper can be destructive.
People who give free rein to their anger, regardless of the (2) __________ this may cause,
haven't learned to express themselves (3) __________, says Martin Smolik, who runs weekend
residential courses in anger management. "It is important to maintain your (4) __________ and
put your case in an assertive, not aggressive manner without hurting others. Being assertive
doesn't mean being pushy or demanding; it means being (5) __________ of yourself and other
people.” He adds that people who are easily angered are (6) __________ of frustration,
inconvenience or irritation and, not surprisingly find relating to other people very difficult. But
what causes people to behave like this? It seems there is evidence to support the idea that some
children may be born (7) __________ and prone to anger and this tendency is sometimes
apparent from a very early age. However, research also suggests that a person's family (8)
__________ may have an influence. Very often, people who are (9) __________ and often find
it difficult to express their emotions come from (10) __________ and disruptive families.
1. outbursts = a sudden forceful expression of emotion, especially ange
2. offence = sự xúc phạm, lăng nhục
3. constructively= in a useful or helpful way
4. Composure= the feeling of being calm, confident, and in control
5. respectful = showing politeness or honour to someone or something
6. intolerant = disapproving of or refusing to accept ideas or ways of behaving that are different
from your own
7. Irritable = becoming annoyed very easily
8. background= your family and your experience of education, living conditions, money, etc
9. quick-tempered/hot-tempered/bad-tempered= Nóng tính, dễ cáu
10. disorganized= badly planned and without order
III. ERROR CORRECTION (10 pts): Read the following text which contains 10 mistakes.
Underline the errors and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Line
1 The arrival of satellite TV has brought up a whole new world of
2 viewing into our living rooms - if we can afford to pay for it, that is,
3 major sport events can now be seen live. Beside this, a wider variety of
4 sports is now available. The viewer can choose anything from dog-
5 racing and sumo wrestling. Certain channels show 20 film every day,
6 again, the choice is enormous-from old classics to the latest Hollywood
7 releases. For them who like to keep informed, 24-hour news is available
8 for the touch of a button. Children are not forgotten neither. A special
9 junior channel broadcasts cartoons and children's films. But do we
10 really need all this choice? The danger is that we will become a
11 population of passive couch-potato with square eyes and fingers glued
12 to the remote-control. Of course choice is a good thing, but viewers
13 should use his ability to select the best and disregard of the rest.

Your answers: 0. up ⟶ on (line 1)

lines mistakes correction lines mistake correction
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0. ( up ∅
1
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0
)
1. ( sport sports/sporting(adj) = thuộc 1. (1.8) for At => At the touch of a
1 về thể thao => dấu hiệu adj button" = bấm nút -> nghĩa
. +N là rất dễ dàng, dùng ít nỗ
3 lực, như thể chỉ việc bấm
) nút thôi vậy.
2. ( Beside Besides = ngoài ra, bên 2. (1.8) neither Either =>“Either” đứng ở
1 cạnh đó # beside= bên cạnh cuối của câu, sau trợ động
. từ ở dạng phủ định và
 3 “Neither” không được dùng
) ở dạng phủ định (không
được dùng “not”), vì bản
thân từ “Neither” đã mang
nghĩa phủ định.
3. ( and To => cấu trúc: from…to… 3. (1.11 couch- couch-potatoes= những
1 ) potato người nghiện xem TV, ăn
. vặt và lười vận động,
5 thường béo tròn (như củ
) khoai tây) và ngồi ì trước
TV cả ngày.
4. ( film Films => dấu hiệu “20”, vì 4. (1.13 his Their => dấu hiệu chủ ngữ
1 thế dnah từ phải ở dạng số ) là “ viewers”
. nhiều
5
)
5. ( them Those => Dấu hiệu phía sau 5. (1.13 of ∅ => disregard sth = xem
1 là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người ) thường, không để ý, coi
. “ who” thường cái gì
7
)

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 PTS):

PART 1: Complete the second sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the
sentence printed before it. (10 points)
1. I was too scared to tell him what I really thought.
→I lacked __________________________________________________________
2. It's a widespread assumption that George was wrongly accused.
→George ____________________________________________________________________
3. He declared his disapproval of the behaviour of some of his supporters.
→He let it _________________________________________________________________
4. The collision didn't damage my car much.
→Not a great_____________________________________________________________
5. Although he is 8 years older than her, they were good friends.
→Despite________________________________________________________________

PART 2: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. Use
the word given in block letter, and this word must not be changed in any way. (10 points)
6. I presume you are coming to the party Miriam. READ
→Can I ____________________________________ you are coming to the party Miriam?
7. After a long hard journey, I cheered up when I saw my home. SIGHT
→After a long hard journey, my spirits ___________________________________ of my home.
8. Yvonne did everything she could to ensure the trip was successful. LENGTHS
→Yvonne _________________________________________________ to ensure the success.
9. Russ's opinions on, the new management policies were very different from those of his fellow
workers. ODDS
→Russ ____________________________________________ the new management policies.
10. I tried as hard as I could to make sure that this problem would not arise. POWER
→I did ______________________________________________ this problem from arising.

IV. 1. I lacked the courage to tell him what really thought.

lack the courage to do sth = thiếu sự can đảm, sợ hãi không dám làm gì
2. George is widely assumed to have been wrongly accused.
Cấu trúc câu bị động kép
3. He let it be known that he disapproved of the behaviour of some of his supporters.
let it be known =to make certain that people know something
4. Not a great deal of damage was done/caused to my car by the collision.
Cấu trúc đảo ngữ với not, ta có: cause/ do damage to = gây ra thiệt hại cho
5. Despite a 8-year-old difference they were good friends.
6. Can I take it as read that you are coming to the party Miriam?
Take (something) as read= Khẳng định điều gì là đúng, xác thực và bạn biết hết rồi nên không
cần thiết phải tranh luận hay điều tra gì nữa.
7. After a long hard journey, my spirits rose/were raised/lifted up when I caught sight of my
home.
Catch sight of sb/sth = bắt gặp, nhìn thấy ai, cái gì
8. Yvonne went to great lengths to ensure the success.
Go to great lengths= đầu tư, cố gắng hoặc làm việc rất nhiều để đạt được điều gì đó.
9. Russ was at odds with his fellow workers over/concerning the new management policies.
be at odds(with sb)(over/on sth): xung đột, bất dồng
10. I did everything within my power to prevent this problem from arising.
do everything in your power to do sth =to do everything that you are able and allowed to do