DRAWING

Presenter: Ms. Bryan

Class: 2nd and 3rd Form
Drawing is a visual art form where artists use different tools to
make pictures. These tools can be pencils, pens, or charcoal,
and the surface can be paper or other materials. Artists use
lines, shapes, and shading to represent what they see, imagine,
or feel. It's a way of communicating ideas, stories, or emotions
visually. Through drawing, artists can capture the world around
them or let their imagination run wild. It's a fun and versatile art
form that allows people to showcase their unique perspectives
and creativity.
A drawing is the presentation of an object image or idea using
lines with any suitable medium. Drawing is basis to all am forms
and as the most important skill of the visual arts dates back to
10000 B.C cave art when the first Drawing was found in the cave
of Lascaux in France. These drawings included images of
animals, hunting scenes, religious ideas and abstract form.
Images were superimposed. Early forms of drawing tools were
basically anything that made a mark. Paleolithic artist drew with
natural colour pigments made from soft rocks, animal blood,
grounded leaves and the sap of plants. Today such tools range
from monochromatic to coloured medium.
These materials are chosen based on the desired effect that the
users wish to create.
1. Monochromatic material refers to single tone medium that
gives ranges from grey to black. These include pencils,
charcoal, ink etc.
2. Coloured material gives a multicolored effect and include
pastels, crayons markers etc.
Observational drawing is a fundamental aspect of visual arts
that involves creating visual representations of objects, scenes,
or subjects through direct observation. It is the practice of
creating artwork by directly observing and portraying what is
seen in the immediate surroundings. It is a technique that
emphasizes careful observation and representation of the visual
world.
The primary purpose of observational drawing is to develop and
refine an artist's ability to accurately depict the visual world. It
enhances skills such as hand-eye coordination, attention to
detail, and the ability to perceive and represent proportions,
shapes, and forms accurately.
Drawing as documentation typically refers to the practice of
using drawing techniques to document or record information,
observations, or ideas. This can encompass a variety of
applications where drawing serves as a visual tool for
communication and documentation.
 Technique
Technique in art refers to the methods
and skills an artist uses to create their
work. It involves the specific way an
artist applies materials, such as brushes,
pencils, or other tools, to achieve certain
effects. Different techniques can be used
for shading, blending colors, creating
textures, or outlining shapes. Mastering
various techniques allows artists to bring
their ideas to life and add depth and
detail to their artworks.
 Shading techniques
Shading is a fundamental skill in drawing that adds
depth, dimension, and realism to artwork. Shading
techniques are used when drawing. In order to use the
shading techniques appropriately an understanding of light
and its properties must be garnered, in that light indicates
value and value indicates form.
Shading techniques allow you to weave layer upon layer
of marks to add a convincing form to your drawings. In
drawing, shading adds a sense of substance to your subject
and produces a convincing tonal relationship.
 Shading techniques
That relationship then translates to a sense of volume—a
“likeness”. This means that the drawing resembles or captures
the essential features, characteristics, or identity of the
subject in a recognizable manner. Your drawing takes on a
three-dimensional form when shaded properly.
Shading techniques
Hatching: Building up of dark value by means of
thin parallel lines. Apply one layer of lines
parallel to each other using an even pressure all
the way across. Go back over them when
necessary to darken the tone. This is the most
basic shading technique. It requires a steady
hand and practice.
Cross Hatching: building up multiple layers of
hatched or overlapping lines that cross each
other (crossing lines) at an angle shading
techniques – crosshatching.
Stippling - Applying countless small dots
to build up darker values in a drawing.
The density of the dots determines the
value produced.
Blending/Smudging - Smooth gradations of value
are produced either by adjusting the amount of
pressure applied to the medium or by using a
blending tool, such a blending stumps,
tissue/paper towel, q-tip and your fingers to name
a few.
•Scribbling-Rapid and irregular scribbles are
used to create areas of light and shadow on a
surface.
The overlapping and density of these
scribbles help create different tones, giving
the illusion of depth and form in a drawing.
Tonal-Using different tones or shades of a
single color to create the illusion of light and
shadow on a two-dimensional surface. Tonal
shading uses the grayscale spectrum to
represent the various degrees of lightness and
darkness on an object. Light areas are
depicted with lighter tones, mid-tones with
medium tones, and shadow areas with darker
tones.
 Value. Light and shade.
• Questions:
Think of different light sources.
•Is there any difference between natural
and artificial light?

•What happens when there is no light?

•What happens when an object stands in
front of the light?
•Will the shade be the same if we change
the position of the light?
Light and shadows visually define objects. Before
you can draw the light and shadows you see, you need
to train your eyes to see like an artist.

VALUES are the different shades of grey between

white and black. Artists use values to translate the
light and shadows to create the illusion of a third
dimension.
 There are two kinds of shadows that occur when one light
shines on an object, a cast shadow and a form shadow.

Cast shadow: When an object blocks a light source it

creates a shadow. A cast shadow is not a solid shape but
varies in tone and value. The farther a cast shadow is from
the object the lighter and softer and less defined becomes
its edges.

Form shadow: Form shadow is otherwise known as

surface or core shadow are areas on an object that receive
less direct light. These shadows occur on the surfaces facing
away from the primary light source they are essential for
creating the illusion of volume, mass and depth.
Light and Shadow
Types of Drawing
 Contour Drawing
• Drawing which is an interpretation of the outer edges
or outline of forms/objects without shading.
 Gesture Drawing
• Usually shows movement or action or a series of
sketches suggesting movement.

Hand Gestures Gestures Poses of Human

 Cartoon Drawing
• Humorous representation of inanimate objects or
people in a series of frames.
 Caricature Drawing
• An exaggerated drawing of a person that is used as
social commentary.
 Portrait Drawing
• A drawing that shows the likeness of a real person.
 Silhouette Drawing
• A dark shape against a lighted background.
 Linear Drawing
• A type of artwork where lines are the primary
means of expression. Instead of using shading or
color, artists focus on creating shapes, forms,
and textures using various types of lines.
 Linear Drawing
• A type of artwork where lines are the primary
means of expression. Instead of using shading or
color, artists focus on creating shapes, forms,
and textures using various types of lines.
 Perspective Drawing
A graphic system used in creating the illusion of
three-dimensional images and/or spatial
relationships on a two-dimensional surface with
the use of lines. There are two types of
perspectives non-linear and linear.

NON-LINEAR: The use of position, overlapping,

size variation, color and value to create depth. It
is zero-point perspective.

LINEAR: The use of line to create depth by

using one-point, two-point, or three-point
perspective.
 Drawing Terms
• Tone - Gradual change which occurs on objects when exposed to lines.
• Baseline- Lowest point of an object (bottom of object).
• Ellipse- The opening or circumference of a cylindrical object.
• Positive Space- The Section of a drawing or design that's used.
• Negative Space - The area that is not used in a drawing.
• Weight- Darkness or lightness of the lines in a drawing
• Superimpose- To place one drawing or artwork over another so that both are
seen.
• Preliminary Studies- The initial sketches, drawings, or small-scale works
that artists create as preparation before starting a larger or more
finished piece. These studies serve as a way for artists to explore
ideas, experiment with compositions, test color schemes, and make
decisions about the final artwork.
• Highlight- The area on a surface that reflects the most direct light. It is the
brightest part of an object or scene and often occurs where the light source
directly hits or reflects off a surface.
 Drawing Terms
• Foreshortening- A technique used in drawing and painting to create the
illusion of depth by depicting an object or a part of the body as closer to or
farther away from the viewer than it really is.

• Proportion- Scale is used in art to describe the size of one object in relation
to another, each object is often referred to as a whole. It describe the size,
location, or amount of one element in relation to another. They have a great
deal to do with the overall harmony of an individual piece and our perception
of the art.