Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Exploring the Design and Development of

Cloud-Native Applications
(Area of Focus: Cloud-Native Applications)

Richard Karegeya1; Dr. Wilson Musoni2 (PhD)

Masters of Science with honors in Information Technology, at the University of Kigali, Rwanda

Abstract:- Cloud-native application development is a With the rise of cloud computing, there has been a
paradigm that embraces the principles of scalability, paradigm shift in how applications are designed and
elasticity, resilience, and agility to harness the full developed. Cloud-native applications are applications that are
potential of cloud platforms. Cloud-native applications designed specifically for cloud environments, taking
are designed to take advantage of the cloud computing advantage of cloud technologies to improve scalability,
model, which offers a number of benefits, such as resilience, and agility.
scalability, elasticity, and availability. This thesis
investigates the design and development of cloud-native Cloud native applications are software applications that
applications, with a focus on the following topics: The are designed and built specifically to run on cloud
principles of cloud-native design, the use of microservices infrastructure, such as public, private, or hybrid cloud
in cloud-native applications, the development of cloud- environments. These applications are developed using a set
native applications using containerization, and The of principles and practices that prioritize scalability,
deployment. The thesis then presents a case study of the resilience, and flexibility.
development of a cloud-native application. Cloud-native
applications offer a number of benefits over traditional  This Study will Focus on Containers, Micro-Services, and
monolithic applications. They are more scalable, Serverless Architectures as a Cloud Native Applications.
adaptable, and evolvable. They are also easier to deploy
and manage. Data will be gathered using a physical  Containers: Containers are a lightweight way to package
survey which will target different store software and deploy applications, along with their dependencies
developers, cloud architects, and IT managers of the and configurations, in an isolated environment.
Ministry of Justice through questionnaires. Overall, this Containers use a shared operating system kernel, but each
thesis aims to contribute to the growing of knowledge on container has its own file system, network, and resources.
cloud-native application development. Here are some of Containers enable faster deployment, portability,
the key points from the abstract: Cloud-native scalability, and consistency across different
applications are designed to be scalable, elastic, resilient, environments.
and agile. They are made up of small, independent  Microservices are an architectural style that structures an
services, which makes them easier to deploy and manage. application as a collection of small, loosely coupled, and
Cloud-native applications can be developed using independently deployable services. Each service
containerization, which makes them portable and easy to represents a specific business capability and can be
deploy across different cloud platforms. The thesis will developed, deployed, and scaled independently of other
investigate the design and development of cloud-native services. Micro services communicate with each other
applications, as well as the benefits they offer over through well-defined APIs, typically over lightweight
traditional monolithic applications. The thesis will also protocols such as HTTP or messaging queues. This
present a case study of the development of a cloud-native approach enables teams to work on different services
application. concurrently, promotes scalability, and improves fault
tolerance. micro services architecture facilitates agile
I. INTRODUCTION development, continuous deployment, and allows
organizations to evolve their applications more rapidly.
Cloud computing is on-demand access, via the internet,  Serverless Architecture, also known as Function-as-a-
to computing resources—applications, servers (physical Service (FaaS), is a cloud computing model where
servers and virtual servers), data storage, development tools, developers focus solely on writing and deploying
networking capabilities, and more—hosted at a remote data individual functions or code snippets, without managing
center managed by a cloud services provider (or CSP). the underlying infrastructure. In a serverless setup,
developers write functions that are triggered by specific
The analysis has shown that cloud computing is events or requests, such as HTTP requests, database
replacing traditional outsourcing and premise-based data changes, or timers. The cloud provider takes care of
centers for software applications and service delivery. automatically scaling the infrastructure to execute the
functions, and developers are billed based on the actual

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Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
usage of resources. Serverless architectures promote a into smaller, modular components, which can be developed
pay-as-you-go model, improve resource efficiency, and and deployed independently.
abstract away infrastructure management tasks, allowing
developers to focus on writing business logic rather than In this introduction, we will describe these cloud native
managing servers. concepts and illustrate them with examples. We will explore
the technical trends that are shaping the future of cloud
 Background of Cloud-Native Applications (CNA) applications. We will start by discussing the basic properties
Cloud native is a term that is invoked often but seldom that many cloud native applications have in common. Once
defined beyond saying ``we built it in the cloud’’ as opposed we have identified the basic properties of cloud native
to “on-prem”. Although there is no single set of rules for applications, we can then describe how these properties are
designing cloud applications, there is a growing consensus on achieved through the use of technical design patterns.
some key ideas and informal design patterns that have been
used successfully in many applications. II. METHODOLOGY

Cloud native applications have emerged as a result of A. Data Collection Methods and Instruments/ Tools
the growing trend towards cloud computing, which began in In this study, the researcher engaged in data collection
the early 2000s. This trend was fueled by the need for through specified procedures, employing a mixed-method
businesses to leverage the advantages of cloud computing, approach encompassing both qualitative and quantitative
such as scalability, flexibility, and cost efficiency. Cloud methodologies, while examining secondary data sources.
computing allowed businesses to move away from traditional
on-premises IT infrastructure, which was costly and B. Data Analysis
inflexible. The process of discovering solutions through
investigation and interpretation is known as data analysis.
The term "cloud native" was first coined in 2010 by Understanding survey and administrative source results and
Adrian Cockcroft, then a cloud architect at Netflix. It was presenting data information require data analysis. Data
used to describe applications that were designed specifically analysis is anticipated to provide light on the subject of the
to run in the cloud, taking advantage of the cloud's unique research and respondent's perceptions as well as to increase
features and capabilities. These applications were built using reader's understanding of the subject and pique their interest
cloud-native technologies and architectures, which were in this position of the research
optimized for the cloud environment.
C. Research Design
There are various cloud native technologies which are This research design will explore the creation and
Containers, microservices, and serverless The emergence of design of cloud-native applications. The research will focus
cloud-native technologies, such as containers and on the key principles of cloud-native design, microservices
microservices, has played a significant role in the and containerization, benefits of cloud-native applications,
development of cloud-native applications. Containers allow challenges of developing and deploying cloud-native
developers to package their applications into self-contained applications, as well as the best practices for cloud-native
units, which can be easily deployed and scaled in the cloud. application development.
Microservices, on the other hand, break down applications
 Process of the Proposed CNA Flowchart Algorithm

Fig 1 Cloud-Native Application Flowchart Algorithm

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Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Conceptual Framework

Fig 2 Conceptual Framework

 Cloud-Native Design

Fig 3 Cloud-Native Design

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Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Traditional Monolithic Design

Fig 4 Traditional Monolithic Design

 Objective:  Security and Trust:

The study aims to investigate the current state of cloud- Cloud-native applications must prioritize robust security
native application development in Rwanda, including the measures to protect user data and systems from unauthorized
level of adoption, the challenges faced, and the growth access, breaches, and cyberattacks. Ethical considerations
opportunities. The study will also examine the advantages of involve implementing strong encryption, secure access
utilizing cloud-native technologies in application controls, regular security audits, and keeping up with
development, such as scalability, agility, and cost- evolving security threats to maintain user trust.
effectiveness.
 Algorithmic Bias and Fairness:
 Data Collection: Cloud-native applications that involve machine learning
Is the procedure of acquiring information using or data-driven algorithms should address concerns related to
predetermined methodologies to respond to the study's algorithmic bias and fairness. Ethical considerations involve
predetermined research topic, in this study the researcher will ensuring fairness in decision-making, avoiding
use interviews and questionnaires as the research instruments discrimination, and mitigating biases in data collection,
and examine secondary data. it has been stated that training, and model development processes.
approaching people with questions is an obvious way to
gather quantitative as well as qualitative data from them. The  Intellectual Property and Open Source:
survey method is used in this study to gather data. Ethical considerations arise regarding intellectual
(Walliman, 2011). property rights and the use of open-source software in cloud-
native development. Organizations should respect licensing
 Data Preprocessing: agreements, give proper attribution, and contribute back to
The University of Kigali officers will offer a the open-source community when appropriate.
recommendation letter that will authorize the researcher to go
for data gathering. Self-administered questionnaires will be III. DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF
delivered to the sampled elements for Ministry of Justice. FINDINGS

 Ethical Considerations:  Cloud-Native Application

Address ethical considerations such as data privacy, A cloud-native application is a computer program is
security and trust, algorithmic bias and fairness, and designed to be deployed and operated in the cloud. It is built
intellectual property and open source. using cloud-native technologies, such as microservices,
containers, and DevOps practices.
 Data Privacy:
Cloud-native applications often handle large amounts of  Key Characteristics of Cloud-Native Applications
user data. Ethical considerations arise regarding the Cloud-native applications have features such as;
collection, storage, processing, and sharing of personal and
sensitive information. It is essential to ensure appropriate  Microservices: Cloud native applications are developed
data privacy practices, consent mechanisms, and compliance using microservices, which are small, independent
with relevant data protection regulations. services that communicate with each other using APIs.
This makes the applications more modular and scalable.

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Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Containers: Containers are lightweight virtualization  Different Containers and Images Created
technology that packages an application and all its
interdependencies into a single unit. This makes it easy to
deploy and manage cloud computing applications.
 DevOps: DevOps is a set of practices that combines
software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops).
This ensures that applications are developed and deployed
in a way that is efficient, reliable, and secure.
 Auto-scaling: Cloud native apps can be scaled up or down
automatically based on demand. This helps to ensure that
the applications are always running at peak efficiency.
 Continuous delivery: Cloud native applications are
typically deployed using continuous delivery, which is a
process that automates the delivery of new code to
production. This helps to ensure that applications are
always up-to-date and secure.
 This is the demonstration presentation of development
cloud native application; researcher used various tools
which includes;
 Visual studio Code: VS Code, short for Visual Studio
Code, is a popular source-code editor developed by
Microsoft. It is highly extensible, lightweight, and
supports a wide range of programming languages and
frameworks Fig 5 Docker Desktop
 XAMPP is a popular open-source software package that
allows you to establish a local web server environment on
your Windows 10 machine. It includes Apache, MySQL,
PHP, and Perl, which are essential components for
running a web server and developing web applications.
 PHP: a shorthand for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor" a
popular open-source scripting language used for web
development. For building dynamic web pages and
applications, it is frequently utilized.
 Postman: A well-liked platform for teamwork in API
development is Postman. It makes it easier for developers
to efficiently design, test, and document APIs. With
Postman, you can make API requests, view responses,
and analyze API performance all in one place.
 Docker Desktop: is a tool It enables you to run Docker
containers on your local machine. It provides an easy-to-
use interface for managing Docker images, containers,
and networks.
 Git Bash: is a command-line interface (CLI) tool that
provides a Unix-like environment on Windows systems.
It enables the use of Git commands and other Unix
utilities using the command line

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 Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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