TTIlIath School
Level 4: Class 29
1. Basic Properties
(a) Radius is the perpendicular bisector of a chord.
(b) Let ABCD be a quadrilateral inscribed in a circie with the intersection of AC arrd BD be P then
AAPD - ABPC.
2. Power of Point: Let P be a point not on a circle and consider a line that intersect the circle at 2 points, ,4 and
B. The value of PA. PB is independent of the choice of the line.
(a) P is inside of the circle.
(b) P is outside of the circle.
(c) Equai tangent Theorem: If P is a point outside of the circle then the two tangents are equai in length.
3. More Equivalent Definitions of Cyclic Quadrilaterals: Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral and let P be the
intersection of their diagonals.
(a) AP. PC : BP.PD.
(b) Maximum area among a1l quadrilaterals having the same sequence of side lengths.
4. Ptolemy's Theorem: Let ABCD be a quadrilateral then ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral if and only if ,48 x
CD+BCxAD:ACxBD.
5. Brahmagupta's Formula: The area of a cyclic quadrilateral with side lengths a,b,c,dis
s-a s s-c)(s-d)
where s is the semi perimeter
flomework
Complete the following problems. Remember to simplify your answer. Do not use a calculator.
1. Textbook reference and additional practice:
Introduction to Geometry: Chapter 13
2. A quadrilateral is said to be tangential if all of its sides are tangent to a single circle. Prove that if a quadrilateral
ABCD is tangential then AB + CD : BC * AD.(Rough diagram is required)
A
P \ef tt e [oi.*: o't to{u^c1 be P, },r ' S
Af --ftS 1 4f -* BO , LQ =LFr ,* J b R* ,- D,
0 ABTLD =AP*BP*L1arbfz-
p& +C0-+ Q6
= AS r
** BLfAD
!",.
(<-
t1
3. InAABC,AB=BC:25and AC:30. ThecirclewithdiameterBCintersectsABatXand
Find XY.(Rough diagram is required) ACaty
Drar,-r b\ . fttt.gL L$\L'qf , Y is f !- ," iJpr"t o? kL'
llA{ =t 9c\ A\ 'YX
* $ Lgx\-- t6a'Lrl,1r'i Lsq K\ rt,
aAxY>{80* 11qb+n'Y)
'-LPc'\ j ll e*t , AAY \ 'i
ISgs(C lgs
F 4. the following diagram. prove that LDJB - ABKH.
Deaw Drur *"L H N p -tLr..y DM
Frc \^& HN
F&< p*ndoc.a[g/ to r.n] s a., nl l,b o^
^g,
A B It hy g" +.^.-r" - si&- * ,r.. ea,.z)
r
ry,nr
A DJ B YaD^^f5 anJ Asf[Z B NH
N
fl\ a
Ie-l L DgJrX or; e iiF*9. 7f+>)-t$or, *o x+)-{'rr'" ZRDS-{t?'*,y\
)
)o AD:g ^,AD\ H U1 h h qro,,\o,,Y
5. Thro circles Cr and Czhave a common chord AB. point p is chosen
on C1 so that it is outside Cz. Lines pA
and PB are extended to cut C2 at X and y, respectively.(Rough
diagram is required)
(a) It AB : 6, PA: b, pB: 7, and AX :16. Find Xy.
s (etra.)'{z*4 /^*w - 4Y P\
?x -5t _,. aA$e -AYpx b9
Y= 8 IAS g'*n;lr^d'tJ
PA I _t
\ PYJ
- a
]E
^ts I
es\-3
-
--'?
X( *l€
(b) Show that no where
Px ---
-
P is chosen, the length of XY is constant
ffi ,* G'F"-& btfrt*5q-" C, oAJ &>- q.*. f,ke"d
r- nQs; ? -- /- AYE R -Ye
Le* Lr:rw =-Q $srdr*ls€ A cons\r/'{y k o"&f
's o.ac
Fr.<rr Hgnce, XY ,i (EA:[q.n\
'
LfiY a-' Z^PBI 4lrY'9
2
TTlVIath School
6. In the figure, WX:YZ,provethat AW: AY
AY ,N, o.''& x o\/e-
luk \"/x<r3? x o,L[\ fiogr'l '
t-e
"'t&*o
* x) -fr*
Aw tA.u/r * \ 'FY tAY /+\y'
Aw) Aw q;.ftfr1AYx
f -.. A-d =-AY
hr*t)x= @v-*o{qv.&'l)
[*w
-9(or rAhltx) ;o
7. A cyclic quadrilateral has sides oflength 25,39,52,60 taken consecutively. What is the diameter of the circum-
circle?(Rough diagram is required) &{s t""4.'*{ld-"
C IAr'r\ 1l-rr
+ f*L r\ {e
!: WC lrolc- 'l 1"o,\ L\'fif;- , )1 1sz ?-
fir,*Le, t,5 Tlqlt's lhwtt-fr, At 6awsl
{:.
t& -ttt tlf og-*ta.ax- u{ I ACD ^*& AAoc,
9o A C- i5 (I *'r r"*-4*r '
o(,o
,, )r- 't. 5tn"'
r ",&"
5"6r
8. Let ACDbe anequilateraltriangle. LetBbeontheminorarc of AC suchthat AB:SandBC:6.|f BD
ar,d AC intersect at E, find the length of DE.(Rough diagram is required)
,,} z.hgL:/&,CD{rtqD -. (Leo. \c, L fYL'- AD=CD:a
,lx
* . t{b' ->t77lr) (fin 0"
I S-" 3m (-E -- 7G
LK1-us ov'-a
o
G
('\- j s,Cr -LE
,{I" -
4-
^
D6
9. A circle is tangent to side Be of equilateral triangle LABC at point Q as shown below. The circle intersects
sides 7E arrd.M in two points each, as shown. Given that AW : AY, prove that Q is the midpoint of BC-.
A"J[A,N twx) = Ay[nyt Y=) :LZ
: Y>
\^.iX
B0' , Bx (a.<tdn )
Ax- A)
P,X
,AB- AX : qILCL t iz)
-* AL-AX 'C&L
".- F C-
Az is
tiwt Bu:-L&, !.r &- 1t"'-g''{-po"\t
3
OQ Bt
TTNfath School
10. In the diagram, AB is tangent to the circle with centre
O and radius r. The length of AB is p. point C is on
the circle and D is inside the circle so that BCD is a straight
line, as shown. It BC : CD DO : q, prove
that 12 : p2. (Tligonometry is not allowed
o Ex[.^r BD *o ,r^€r,l I he c-tro\ c- o-t l-
al ..r^J FG ts o. J*"rre,{tQr/
, t\vf Follel tl."rTf' D v'ri {u,*rtl
FD >hD
('
\
{ourt
r et- 0b f 1 pE)\
p) = X[4yt oE ) " ,q) t t'- tf
fo..nr q OD : qr"
) .* \
LDE)L, $,*QL.-U1
11. Circ1e Cr has its center O Iying on circle Cz. The two circles
meet at X and y. point Z in theexterior of C1
lies on circle C2 and X Z :73, OZ: 11, and YZ :7.
What is the radius of circle C1i(nough diagram is
required)
ftaw *w roJiuj sF c, q-0,^ O -{o xv , te-t -the
poiit{ {fa* .p*cr<-: bU N m i: tt ,^,,Jpo.'4}- ,t XrV
o \t AoYT y DzNZ, 9o N?;?
17
\o r's f A ,'o*i"^s "F
Mo't 0.J, 'z l\'
o C, .f e ly-rwJ'vi
Mo- i ),\
'rS' '' >\ + I
? x, I n\ 3p
tr \ Cr
'.$-
X o '- '\7Q
72. Let A, B, C, and D be points on a circle, in that order, such AB _
IBAC : ICAD. Find BC. (Rough diagram is required)
that 200, AC : ggb, AD:416, and
.f'
fifi, - uO ga D0 ,oO . tc,t BL --d
[o)irrU tow o^ I A&L G^C 4 DAL
x'va ) -+8;5 r i? -).00""?g5L
Lt\tt)tlst) y[zao )[] sr)
t, ry(x'- \u2-3ss') = s: (x 1 - )*r' -3es ")
X --{3L 2 >ES.
13. Tko circles C1 and C2 intersect at two points, ,4 and B. Let
that they intersect onTB. Prove that points P .PQ be a chord of C1 and ES a chord of C2 such
, Q , R, and ^9
all lie on a circle. (Rough diagram is requiied)
A
f
"'t t-i.e fl'?ir,t # iuttevcec'1.'r'n W O
T\S 5r"Jr$er fo+er o{
qPthr
Lro)tRo r'6.)t*o;
R
a
(go*o) t.&$- {"r a rirc(e w,'+ h polnf- O
il k lbu) tl-'ftq tn e&c. i{. ile,tnp, p, 0, &, an+
L{ I ott l,o oG {hG rirc{e
I 4
TTMath School
14. The two circles in the diagram are incircles of AADB and AADC. These incircles are tangent to AD and
each to other at G.
B C
(a) It AB : c, AC:: o, find BD in terms of a, b, and. c.
b, and BC +;r-r's''}!'1c'!t
l.t r }" -i'''n .3*';ra *r'
\,@ +t''e qo,r{ *{' {6'*qrol"'r ...;"":+",;:i'X
evl Aq- (o-t 6f:v:, Li n"] rSf =vJ,DE."?' 4>d
ge , [+y.r,t , ,
, De ?;pG Dt'-, LF , cG " '] r) $': S*'Jo
ft(n--1+0 ".Ftl "X, t-6r *) -) b>"Kr
ArP = h / 9? -- rrl =2 C= 21( \^l
DD = $V + Dtr -- VvtZ * $D , ft+L-b
>-
(b) Let the radii of the two circles in the diagram be r and s. Show that pg : 1/rs.
(e"t t{E tsA'le/s bg O, $er O }- . As'*,tne ( is *\e 6c.*^wt Sr
O, -J I ', tl.e r^J.iul H-
- ' fft!* "*e- 0 f >s le-{ M lac-
)u
br 0,r s -{ha* /.40 -FF r} a" 1t,cta'"9{e
^&h
M0, =-
*Jj-t.si tv rs ntr
De".,-ry: tAl0)
Nr>
15. Equilateral triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle. Let P be a point on arc 6d, andlet Ap intersect BC at e
Prove that
1_1*1
PQ PB' PC
(Rough diagram is required)
L,ffi? L Bc,f s*bF^J
6",,..J Bt-:
't
ga A&B&-Acp&
AS we,tl, A P gO 'v
p (*A--
u'u"=; h^d
H,* ," vL &c
-t ry
(/ ?a- b{ t-P
i Dt't t co et
I 0f
d N l l_ { !
fa L? fr.
Pq_ rB
5
TTMath School
16. Equilateral triangle /BC is inscribed in a circle. Points D and E are midpoints of TB and BC, respectively,
and F is the point where DE meets the circle. Find DEIEF.(Rough diagram is required)
te.* AF * X h *[e terr$hr &u/^ D *o {r^c alrcte- ir at {5o x
1r^""e4'),
4
Afte - Atgc b1 9*) E,'*,n'[*.'\, ar,rJffi =| Le+$0-0"
''i,*
T fo.,,a't oF DO {o G.,'tr *
{
i X(xt"; * az C\ \ {G
C { CA xv --
-2
+l
a'--
9
.I \t x c,€, t+^JF
17. Segment 7F is tangent to the circle at point .I as shown in the diagram. We are given that IF : 21rt,
IO :20, ON : 12, RF : 18, and OR > GO. Find O-R.
it
So",e,t ,t 0F Fo.^i*r o{ o
g^GJ , (te)(orrrr) z-4rr) = os'(31 -oF)
G( =31 )Y0 -* 'ort +vl oL
0A-- 15 or lb
' gg>vto) ,o
cY- = lb
18. Chords TE andeD of OO are perpendicular at point P. Given CP : 2, AP : 3, and PD :6. (Rough
diagram is required)
(a) Find OP.
ft
31re)'- {a '-L
3
D ? ,"c
vbr *l
I
i N DrnN OM v? M h'sgr{-s G D7 onnd' ?,.J }' N u':e
"t' nB'
o
t"t L grA| *"LQPF -'7 oo
qY ' 3!1' J- (-a
?n --
h],, Aw) 0r'A:
{r"
J\/
5 OP .' t{{ \ -- L
(b) Find the radius of the circle T
>-
0s
)-
I t ob, tw
1
obz rMt ?1
J6)
bBi
NsL;
ff_ u 7
0& ']
;
q-$e r*J;"r'! , t* -f t'*'
'oJ
l'^t I r Jtr z
6
TTNIa,th School
19. In the diagram , AB : 8 AP :2, PC: 4' Find W
Dn^w PZ
r %6)
v- g
Qa6J DA
\
U
I
fir*^ "?- 0 P
*L
L,"1 : 1(V*.r)
CD t
I fac] .Y
#
.LD =u I
QED J
)
\ Agt r'$LD E b,1 ftft
r\sE ,bl
5r*','[c
''13, 5o
fdvT H )
LPrc) ewo) fPrcl
rEl f,nEr
I
{r,
G-t: *
(mr.,l
gA"r$I *E#a
{rtp"e1
L- \I lu
