11 .

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

BASIC CALCULUS
Quarter 3 – Module 2
Limits of Transcendental Functions
and Special Limits

NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
Mathematics – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Limits of Transcendental Functions and Special Limits
Second Edition, 2021

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NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
Introductory Message

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In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
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Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
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Thank you.

i NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module1_v2
 I

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The module is intended for you compute the limits of exponential, logarithmic, and
trigonometric functions using tables of values and graphs of the function; and illustrate limits
sin 𝑡 1−cos 𝑡 𝑒 𝑡 −1
involving the expressions , and using tables of values.
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡

Functional relationships are also applied in real world situations, specifically in

mathematical models. These mathematical models play an important role in applications of
calculus.
There are also other functions, called transcendental, which are very useful both in
theory and practice.
By definition, “transcendental function is any function of x which is not algebraic”,
(Woods & Bailey, 1917). The basic transcendental functions includes the exponential,
logarithmic and trigonometric functions.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Evaluate the following limits by constructing table of values.

1. lim 3𝑥
𝑥→1
2. lim 5𝑥
𝑥→2

1 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
 Limits of Transcendental Functions
Lesson (Exponential, Logarithmic, Trigonometric
Functions) & Special Limits

’s In

PRIOR-KNOWLEDGE:

Let us recall some of the limit laws we have learned in the past lesson.

LIMIT LAWS:
Suppose that c is a constant and the limits
lim 𝑓(𝑥) and lim 𝑔(𝑥) exist, then
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

1. lim⁡[ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) + ⁡ lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

2. lim⁡[ 𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) − ⁡ lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

3. lim⁡[𝑐 𝑓(𝑥 )] = 𝑐 lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

4. lim⁡[ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑔(𝑥)] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ ⁡ lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

𝑓 (𝑥 ) lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑎
5. lim⁡ 𝑔(𝑥) = , if lim 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0
𝑥→𝑎 lim 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥→𝑎
𝑥→𝑎

6. lim⁡[ 𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛 = [lim⁡ 𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛 , where n is a positive integer

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

7. lim⁡ 𝑐 = 𝑐
𝑥→𝑎

8. lim⁡ 𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑥→𝑎

9. lim⁡ 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 , where n is a positive integer

𝑥→𝑎

10. lim⁡ 𝑛√𝑥 = 𝑛√𝑎, where n is a positive integer

𝑥→𝑎

(If n is even, we assume that a > 0.)

11. . lim⁡ 𝑛√𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑛√lim⁡ 𝑓(𝑥), where n is a positive integer

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

(If n is even, we assume that lim⁡ 𝑓(𝑥) > 0.)

𝑥→𝑎

2 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
 ’s New

Task 1: Remember My Function!

1. If 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1, what is the exponential function with base b?

2. Let 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1. If 𝑏 𝑦 = 𝑥⁡. 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛⁡𝑦⁡𝑖𝑠⁡𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑⁡𝑡ℎ𝑒⁡𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑚⁡𝑜𝑓⁡𝑥⁡𝑡𝑜⁡𝑡ℎ𝑒⁡𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒⁡𝑏.
Then, what denotes the function in symbol?

is It

I. EVALUATING LIMITS OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

Consider the natural exponential function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 , where 𝑒 is called the

Euler number, and has the value of 2.718281….

Illustrative Example 1. Evaluate the lim 𝑒 𝑥 .

𝑥→0
Solution:

There are two means to evaluate the limit of the function: through table of
values and by graphical approach.

i. through tables of values:

Construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 . We will do so by

approaching the number 0 from the left or through the values less than but
close to 0, and by approaching the number 0 from the right or through the
values greater than but close to 0.

Approaching 0 from the left:

𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥
-1 0.36787944117
-0.5 0.60653065971
-0.1 0.90483741803
-0.01 0.99004983374
-0.001 0.99900049983
-0.0001 0.999900049983
-0.00001 0.99999000005

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 0 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥

3 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
is approaching to 1. Therefore, the limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 as 𝑥 approaches to
zero from the left, is 1..

Approaching 0 from the right:

𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥
1 2.71828182846
0.5 1.6487212707
0.1 1.10517091808
0.01 1.01005016708
0.001 1.00100050017
0.0001 1.000100005
0.00001 1.00001000005

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 0 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching

to 1.

Therefore, the limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 is 1 as 𝑥 approaches to zero from

the right.
From the table, as the values of 𝑥 get closer and closer to 0, the values
of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) get closer and closer to 1.Combining the two sided limits, we have,
lim 𝑒 𝑥 = 1.
𝑥→0

ii. through a graph:

To determine the lim 𝑒 𝑥 , use the graph 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 .

𝑥→0

𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥

Through inspection of the figure, as the value of x approaches to 0

either from the left or from the right, 𝑓 (𝑥) gets closer and closer to 1.
Therefore, using the graph of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 through a graph, lim 𝑒 𝑥 = 1.
𝑥→0

4 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
II. EVALUATING LIMITS OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION

Consider the natural logarithmic function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥. Recall that

ln 𝑥 = log 𝑒 𝑥. Moreover, ln 𝑥 is the inverse of the natural exponential function
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 or 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 .

Illustrative Example . Evaluate the lim ln 𝑥.

𝑥→1
Solution
We will evaluate the limit through constructing the tables of values.

Construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥. We start by approaching the

number 1 from the left or through the values less than but close to 1, and then
approach the number 1 from the right or through the values greater than but close
to 1.

Approaching 1 from the left:

𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥
0.1 -2.30258509299
0.5 -0.69314718056
0.9 -0.10536051565
0.99 -0.01005033585
0.999 -0.00100050033
0.9999 -0.0001000005
0.99999 -0.00001000005
Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 1 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching to 0.
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥 is 0 as x approaches to 1 from the left.

Approaching 1 from the right:

𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥
2 0.69314718056
1.5 0.4054651081
1.1 0.0953101798
1.01 0.00995033085
1.001 0.00099950033
1.0001 0.000099995
1.00001 0.00000999995

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 1 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching to 0.

Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln 𝑥 is 0 as x approaches to 1 from the right.
From the table, as the values of x get closer and closer to 1, the values of
𝑓 (𝑥 ) get closer and closer to 0. Combining the two sided limits, hence,
lim ln 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥→1

5 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
Illustrative Example 3. Evaluate the lim log 𝑥.
𝑥→1
Solution:
Since, by common logarithmic function
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log10 𝑥.
( )
Recall that 𝑓 𝑥 = log10 𝑥 = log 𝑥. Using tables of values, we can
determine the lim log 𝑥.
𝑥→1

Through tables of values:

We shall construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log 𝑥.

Approaching 1 from the left:

𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥) = log 𝑥
0.1 -1
0.5 -0.30102999566
0.9 -0.04575749056
0.99 -0.0043648054
0.999 -0.00043451177
0.9999 0.00004343161
0.99999 0.00000434296
Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 1 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching to 0.
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log 𝑥 is 0 as x approaches to 1 from the left.

Approaching 1 from the right:

𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log 𝑥
2 0.3010299956
1.5 0.17609125905
1.1 0.04139268515
1.01 0.00432137378
1.001 0.00043407747
1.0001 0.00004342727
1.00001 0.00000434292

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 1 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching to 0.

Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log 𝑥 is 0 as x approaches to 1 from the right.
From the table, as the values of x get closer and closer to 1, the values of
( )
𝑓 𝑥 get closer and closer to 0. Combining the two sided limits, hence,
lim log 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥→1

6 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
 Then, we shall verify the limit values in Example 2 and Example 3 by
graphical approach.

Illustrative Example 4. Evaluate the lim ln 𝑥 and lim log 𝑥.

𝑥→1 𝑥→1
Through a graph:
The graphs of both the natural and common logarithmic functions can be
used to determine the limits as 𝑥 approaches to 1.

By inspecting the graph, we can see that lim ln 𝑥 = 0 and lim log 𝑥 = 0
𝑥→1 𝑥→1

III. EVALUATING LIMITS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Illustrative Example 5. Evaluate the lim sin 𝑥.

𝑥→0
Solution
We shall evaluate lim sin 𝑥 by using tables of values and graphical
𝑥→0
approach.

Through tables of values:

Construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥. We start by approaching the
number 0 from the left or through the values less than but close to 0, and
approaching the number 0 from the right or through the values greater than but
close to 0.

Approaching 1 from the left:

𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥
-1 -0.8414709848
-0.5 -0.4794255386
-0.1 -0.09983341664
-0.01 -0.00999983333
-0.001 -0.00099999983
-0.0001 -0.00009999999
-0.00001 -0.00000999999
Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 0 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching to 0.
Therefore, the limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥 is 0 as x approaches to 0 from the left.

7 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
Approaching 0 from the right:
𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥
1 0.8414709848
0.5 0.4794255386
0.1 0.09983341664
0.01 0.00999983333
0.001 0.00099999983
0.0001 0.00009999999
0.00001 0.00000999999

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑥 approaches to 0 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is approaching to 0.

Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥 is 0 as x approaches to 0 from the right.
From the table, as the values of x get closer and closer to 0, the values of
𝑓 (𝑥 ) get closer and closer to 0. Combining the two sided limits, hence,
lim sin 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥→0

B. Through a graph:
We can also find lim sin 𝑥 by using the graph of the sine function.
𝑥→0
Consider the graph of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥

Figure 1: Graph of a sine function

By inspecting, as the value of 𝑥 approaches to zero from either left or right

of it, 𝑓(𝑥) approaches to 0. Thus, lim sin 𝑥 = 0
𝑥→0

8 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
IV. EVALUATING SPECIAL LIMITS
sin 𝑡
Illustrative Example 1. Evaluate the lim .
𝑡→0 𝑡
Solution
sin 𝑡
Using tables of values and graphical approach, we can evaluate lim .
𝑡→0 𝑡
Through tables of values:
sin 𝑡
Construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = . We start by approaching the
𝑡
number 0 from the left or through the values less than but close to 0, and
approaching the number 0 from the right or through the values greater than but
close to 0.

Approaching 0 from the left:

𝑡 sin 𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡 )= 𝑡
-1 0.8414709848
-0.5 0.9588510772
-0.1 0.9983341665
-0.01 0.9999833334
-0.001 0.99999998333
-0.0001 0.99999999983

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑡 approaches to 0 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑡 ) is approaching to 1.

sin 𝑡
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = 𝑡 is 1 as t approaches to 0 from the left.

Approaching 0 from the right:

𝑡 sin 𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡 )= 𝑡
1 0.8414709848
0.5 0.9588510772
0.1 0.9983341665
0.01 0.9999833334
0.001 0.99999998333
0.0001 0.99999999983

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑡 approaches to 0 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑡 ) is approaching to 1.

sin 𝑡
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = is 1 as 𝑡 approaches to 0 from the right.
𝑡
From the table, as the values of 𝑡 get closer and closer to 0, the values of
𝑓 (𝑡 ) get closer and closer to 1.
sin 𝑡 sin 𝑡
Since, lim− = 1 and lim+ = 1 are both equal to 1. Then,
𝑡→0 𝑡 𝑡→0 𝑡
sin 𝑡
lim = 1.
𝑡→0 𝑡

9 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
 sin 𝑡
Now we shall use the sketch of the graph of 𝑓 (𝑡) = to inspect the liimit
𝑡
of lim 𝑓(𝑡)
𝑡→0
Through a graph:

sin 𝑡
The graph of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = below confirms that the 𝑓(𝑡) values approach 1
𝑡
as 𝑡 approaches to 0.

1−cos 𝑡
Illustrative Example 6. Evaluate the lim .
𝑡→0 𝑡

Solution
Using the tables of values and the graph of the function, we will evaluate
1−cos 𝑡
lim .
𝑡→0 𝑡
Through tables of values:
1−cos 𝑡
Construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = . We start by approaching
𝑡
the number 0 from the left or through the values less than but close to 0 and from
the right or through the values greater than but close to 0.

Approaching 0 from the left:

𝑡 1 − cos 𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡 ) =
𝑡
-1 -0.4596976941
-0.5 -0.2448348762
-0.1 -0.04995834722
-0.01 -0.0049999583
-0.001 -0.0004999999
-0.0001 -0.00005

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑡 approaches to 0 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑡 ) is approaching to 0.

1−cos 𝑡
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = is 0 as t approaches to 0 from the left.
𝑡

10 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
Approaching 0 from the right:
𝑡 1 − cos 𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡 ) =
𝑡
1 0.4596976941
0.5 0.2448348762
0.1 0.04995834722
0.01 0.0049999583
0.001 0.0004999999
0.0001 0.00005

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑡 approaches to 0 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑡 ) is approaching to 0.

1−cos 𝑡
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = is 0 as 𝑡 approaches to 0 from the right.
𝑡
From the table, as the values of 𝑡 get closer and closer to 0, the values of
𝑓 (𝑡 ) get closer and closer to 0.
1−cos 𝑡 1−cos 𝑡
Since, lim− = 0 and lim+ = 0 are both equal to 0. Then,
𝑡→0 𝑡 𝑡→0 𝑡
1−cos 𝑡
lim = 0.
𝑡→0 𝑡

Through a graph:
1−cos 𝑡
The graph of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = below confirms that the 𝑓 (𝑡 ) values approach
𝑡
0 as 𝑡 approaches to 0.

11 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
 𝑒 𝑡 −1
Illustrative Example 7. Evaluate the lim .
𝑡→0 𝑡
Solution
As with the other examples, we shall evaluate
Through tables of values:

𝑒 𝑡 −1
Construct the table of values for 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = . We start by approaching the
𝑡
number 0 from the left or through the values less than but close to 0, and
approaching the number 0 from the right or through the values greater than but
close to 0.

Approaching 0 from the left:

𝑡 𝑒𝑡 − 1
𝑓 (𝑡 ) =
𝑡
-1 0.6321205588
-0.5 0.7869386806
-0.1 0.9516258196
-0.01 0.9950166251
-0.001 0.9995001666
-0.0001 0.9999500016

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑡 approaches to 0 from the left, 𝑓 (𝑡 ) is approaching to 1.

𝑒 𝑡 −1
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = is 1 as t approaches to 0 from the left.
𝑡

Approaching 0 from the right:

𝑡 𝑒𝑡 − 1
𝑓 (𝑡 ) =
𝑡
1 1.718281828
0.5 1.297442541
0.1 1.051709181
0.01 1.005016708
0.001 1.000500167
0.0001 1.000050002

Intuitively, as ⁡𝑡 approaches to 0 from the right, 𝑓 (𝑡 ) is approaching to 1.

𝑒 𝑡 −1
Therefore limit of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = = 1 as 𝑡 approaches to 0 from the right.
𝑡
From the table, as the values of 𝑡 get closer and closer to 0, the values of
𝑓 (𝑡 ) get closer and closer to 1.
𝑒 𝑡 −1 𝑒 2 −1
Since lim− and lim+ are both equal to 1 then,
𝑡→0 𝑡 𝑡→0 𝑡
𝑒 𝑡 −1
lim = 1.
𝑡→0 𝑡

12 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
Through a graph:
𝑒 𝑡 −1
The graph of 𝑓 (𝑡 ) = 𝑡
below confirms that the y values approach 1 as 𝑡
approaches to 0.

’s More

Task 2.
I. Given the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡𝑥. Find the limit of the following functions.

a. lim𝜋 sin 𝑥
𝑥→
2
b. lim sin 𝑥
𝑥→𝜋

II. Given the graph of the function,

Find:
a. lim ln 𝑥
𝑥→𝑒

13 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
 I Have Learned

The limit of a function and the functional value at a point is

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐
either 𝑓 is exponential, logarithmic or trigonometric and c is a real number
which is in the domain of 𝑓.

Special limits such as,

sin 𝑡 1−cos 𝑡 𝑒 𝑡 −1
lim , lim , and lim
𝑡→0 𝑡 𝑡→0 𝑡 𝑡→0 𝑡

"0"
will result in upon direct substitution. However, can be found either by using
"0"
tables of values and graphs of the function.

I Can Do

𝑥 2 −1
Evaluate lim . Write your solutions comprehensively. (Hint: Direct substitution will
𝑥→1 √𝑥+1
"0"
result in the expression "0". To resolve, rationalize the given function first before
applying the limit). Please be guided with the rubric.

14 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
RUBRIC
CATEGORY 5 4 3 2
Mathematical Explanation Explanation Explanation Explanation
Concepts shows shows shows some shows very
complete substantial understanding limited
understanding understanding of the understanding
of the of the mathematical of the
mathematical mathematical concepts underlying
concepts used concepts used needed to concepts
to solve the to solve the solve the needed to
problem(s). problem(s). problem(s). solve the
problem(s) OR
is not written.
Mathematical 90-100% of Almost all Most (75- More than
Errors the steps and (85-89%) of 84%) of the 75% of the
solutions have the steps and steps and steps and
no solutions have solutions have solutions have
mathematical no no mathematical
errors. mathematical mathematical errors.
errors. errors.
Neatness and The work is The work is The work is The work
Organization presented in a presented in a presented in an appears sloppy
neat, clear, neat and organized and
organized organized fashion but unorganized. It
fashion that is fashion that is may be hard to is hard to
easy to read. usually easy to read at times. know what
read. information
goes together.
Completion All problems All but one of All but two of Several of the
are completed. the problems the problems problems are
are completed. are completed. not completed.

Evaluate the following limits through constructing tables of values.

1. lim𝜋 sin 𝑥
𝑥→−
2
2. lim sin 𝑥
𝑥→−𝜋
3. lim+ log 𝑥
𝑥→0
4. lim+ ln 𝑥
𝑥→0
1−cos 𝑡
5. lim
𝑡→0 sin 𝑡

15 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2 16
What’s In
PRIOR-KNOWLEDGE:
1. 3
2. 25
What’s New:
1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑏 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
2. 𝑦 = log 𝑏 𝑥
What’s More:
1. 1
2. 0
3. 1
Assessment:
1. -1
2. 0
3. −∞
4. −∞
5. 0
References
Arceo, Carlene P., Lemence, Richard S. 2016. Basic Calculus Teaching Guide for Senior High School.
Quezon City: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).

Bittinger; Ellenbogen; Srgent. n.d. "Calculus and Its Applications, 11th Edition." University of Illinois
Chicago. Accessed 2021. https://bit.ly/3qVgUT3.

Guichard, David, and Albert Schuler. 2021. Single Variable Calculus. San Francisco, California, USA:
Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial ShareAlike License .

Weisstein, Eric W. n.d. "WolframMathWorld." https://mathworld.wolfram.com/.

https://mathworld.wolfram.com/TranscendentalFunction.html.

17 NegOr_Q3_Basic Calculus11_Module2_v2
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