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Celsius Conversion Formula
Réaumur Scale Conversion Formula
Réaumur to Celsius
°C = °Ré × 5/4
Réaumur to Fahrenheit
°F = °Ré × 9/4 + 10.00 50.00
283.15
509.67
8.00
5.00
41.00
278.15
500.67 Celsius to Fahrenheit
°F = °C × 9/5 + 32
Celsius to Kelvin
K = °C + 273.15
Celsius to Rankine
°R = °C × 9/5 + 491.67
Celsius to Réaumur
°Ré = °C × 4/5
Fahrenheit Conversion Formula
Fahrenheit to Celsius
°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9
Fahrenheit to Kelvin
K = (°F + 459.67) × 5/9
Fahrenheit to Rankine
°R = °F + 459.67
Fahrenheit to Réaumur
°Ré = (°F - 32) × 4/9
Kelvin Conversion Formula
Kelvin to Celsius
°C = K − 273.15
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Kelvin to Fahrenheit
°F = K × 9/5 − 459.67
Kelvin to Rankine
°R = K × 9/5
Kelvin to Réaumur
°Ré = (K - 273.15) × 4/5
Rankine Conversion Formula
Rankine to Celsius
°C = (°R - 491.67) × 5/9
Rankine to Fahrenheit
°F = °R − 459.67
Rankine to Kelvin
K = °R × 5/9
Rankine to Réaumur
°Ré = (°R - 491.67) × 4/9
Origins of the Temperature Scales
What is Celsius?
Celsius is the most widely used temperature scale in the world today. It
was developed by Swedish astronomer and physicist Anders Celsius in
the 18th century.
Celsius proposed a temperature scale with 0 degrees as the freezing
point of water and 100 degrees as the boiling point of water. Its
simplicity with reference points based on the properties of water made it
widely adopted and essential for scientific and everyday temperature
measurements.
The Celsius scale is also known as the centigrade scale.
What is Fahrenheit?
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The Fahrenheit temperature scale was developed by Polish-German
physicist and engineer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit. In 1724 Fahrenheit
created the mercury-in-glass thermometer which had a standardized
temperature scale and greater accuracy than existing thermometers.
Fahrenheit used a specific mixture of ice and salt to define zero degrees
on the Fahrenheit scale. He used the average human body temperature
to define 100 degrees on the scale.
What is Kelvin?
The Kelvin scale is also called the absolute temperature scale. William
Thomson, known as Lord Kelvin, proposed the idea of an absolute
temperature scale based on absolute zero, where molecular motion
stops.
Lord Kelvin collaborated with other physicists, including James Joule, to
refine the Kelvin temperature scale. It has become an invaluable tool in
scientific research and engineering because it provides a universal
reference point for measuring temperature that is independent of the
properties of any specific material.
What is Rankine?
The Rankine scale was developed in the 19th century by Scottish
physicist and engineer William John Macquorn Rankine. Rankine's
scale is related to the Kelvin scale, where the Kelvin degree is the same
size as the Rankine degree. Rankine begins at absolute zero, so 0 °R is
the same as -459.67°F.
The Rankine scale is still used in some engineering calculations
involving thermodynamic processes, especially in fields related to heat
transfer, fluid dynamics, and energy systems.
What is Réaumur
The Réaumur temperature scale is named for René-Antoine Ferchault
de Réaumur. It is a historical temperature measurement system that
divides the temperature range between the freezing and boiling points
of water into 80 equal parts. So the freezing point of water is 0 degrees
Réaumur, and the boiling point is 80 degrees Réaumur.
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The Réaumur scale was widely used in parts of Europe, particularly in
France and Germany, for scientific and industrial applications during its
time. Modern use of the Réaumur scale occurs in some European
cheese factories, and in the Netherlands when cooking sugar syru
