HISTORY

JUMBLED WORDS

AHIOTSIR NETERLAN TIRSICC

YTIVAILD LOTORIOHISPHYGRA

LANEXTER TICSRCI YMARPIR COUERSS

MEANING & RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
derived from the Greek word “historia” which means
“knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation”
also known as the study of the past events.
is the account of the past of a person or group of people
through written documents and historical evidences.
history also focused on writing about wars, revolutions,
and other important breakthroughs
Individuals who write about history are called HISTORIANS
- They undertake arduous historical research to come up with a
meaningful and organized rebuilding of the past
- They seek to understand the present by examining what want
before.

NO DOCUMENT, NO HISTORY
•it means that unless a written document can prove a
certain historical event, then it cannot be considered as a
historical fact.
LIMITATION OF HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE

•the incompleteness of record has limited man’s knowledge

of history.
•most human affairs happen without leaving any evidence
of records of any kind, no artifacts or if there are, no further
evidence of the human setting in which to place surviving
artifacts.
•the past has perished forever with occasionally traces.
The whole history of the past called
•History-as- actuality
•History-as- record- a historian only through the surviving
records, and most of record is only a tiny part the whole
phenomenon. Even the archeological and anthropological
discoveries are only small parts discovered from the total past.

Some valid Historical Documents

1.Government records
2.Chronicle’s Accounts
3.Personal Letter
4.Receipts, etc.
HISTORIOLOGRAPHY

- Is the history of history

- It covers how historians have studied and developed
history including its sources, techniques, and theoretical
approaches
- It should not be confused with history because history is
the study of the past, the events that happened in the past
- It focuses on how a certain historical text was written,
who wrote it, what was the context of its publication, what
historical method was employed, what sources were used.
ROLES OF HISTORY
states use history to unite a nation
lessons from the past can be used to make sense of the presents
learning of the past mistakes can help people to not repeat them.

HISTORY AND THE HISTORIAN

- historian is a person of his own who is influenced by his own
context, environment, ideology, education and influences,
among others.
- “Facts cannot speak for themselves”. It is the historian’s jobs
not to seek historical evidences and facts but also to interpret
them. It is their job to give meaning to these facts and organize
them into timeline, establish causes, and write history.
HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY
- It compromises certain technique and rules that historian
follows in order to properly utilize sources and historical
evidences in writing history.
1. Select the subject to investigate
2. Collect the probable sources of information on the subject
3. Examine the sources of genuineness, in part of in whole
4. Extract credible “particulars” from the sources (or parts of
sources).
IMPORTANCE AND USES OF HISTORY
- Given are the uses of history as summarized by Foray and Salevouris (1988).
Some of theses are interestingly explained by B.H. Lidedell Hart (1971).

A. History provides a sources of personal and social identity.

B. History helps us understand the problems of the present.
C. History- good history- corrects misleading analogies and “lessons” of the past.
D. History can help one develop tolerance and open-mindedness.
E. History helps us better understand all human behaviors and all aspects of the
human condition.
F. History provides the basic background for many disciplines.
G. History can be a source of entertainment
H. History, when studied, can teach many critical skills.
SOURCES OF HISTORY

- The study of history is a relentless search for the truth. This

truth is about the event of the past which are contained in their
sources.
- In the study of history sources are always important.
- Sources are where the information come from. In a technical
sense the source of historical information is the document.
- A document is a written material that says about a historical
event. The documents can be narration, a copy of speech, a letter,
a receipt, an eyewitness account or a book. These are only some of
the sources of history.
Historical
Sources
PRIMARY SOURCES

- is a document or physical object which was written or

created during the time under study. These sources
were present during an experience or time period and
offer an inside view of a particular event.

“First hand testimony” “eyewitness account”

EXAMPLES

Original documents such as letters, diaries, and

government records
Audio and visual recordings such as photographs, videos,
and recordings of speeches
Physical objects such as artifacts, tools, or works of art
Research studies or experiments that have been
conducted by the researcher
Six points of inquiries to evaluate the
authenticity of a primary source:

Date.
Localization.
Authorship.
Analysis.
Integrity.
Credibility.
SECONDARY SOURCES

- an analysis, interpretation or a restatement of primary

sources; describe historical or scientific events based on
firsthand accounts. They combine primary sources with
other data to draw conclusions/stand.

e.g books, thesis, articles, magazines etc.

If you are researching the cause of World
War II, a recent documentary about the
war is a ___________________.But, if
you are researching the filmmaking
technique used in historical
documentaries, the documentary is a
____________________
With the past as history's subject matter, the
historian's most important research tools are historical
sources. In general, historical sources can be classified
between primary and secondary sources. The
classification of sources between these two categories
depends on the historical subject being studied.
Primary sources are those sources produced at the same time as the
event, period, or subject being studied. For example, if a historian
wishes to study the Commonwealth Constitution Convention of
1935, his primary sources can include the minutes of the convention,
newspaper clippings Philippine Commission reports of the U.S.
Commissioners, records of the convention, the draft of the
Constitution, and even photographs of the event. Eyewitness
accounts of convention delegates and their memoirs can also be
used as primary sources. The same goes with other subjects of
historical study. Archival documents, artifacts, memorabilia, letters,
census,and government records, among others are the most
common examples of primary sources.
Validity
1.External critics (originality of the data)

- is the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by

examining its physical characteristics; consistency with the
historical characteristic of the time when it was produced; and
the materials used for the evidence.
-External criticism helps us to avoid using false evidence and
thus enables us to us the genuine material.
1.External critics (originality of the data)

Examples of the things that will be examined when

conducting external criticism of a;

a) document include the quality of the paper,

b) type of the ink, and
c) the language and words used in the among others
2. Internal critics (accuracy of the data)

- is the examination of the truthfulness of the evidence. It looks

at the content of the source and examines the circumstance of
its production.
- Internal criticism looks at the
- a) truthfulness and factuality of the evidence by looking at the
author of the source, its context,
- b) the agenda behind its creation, the knowledge which
informed it, and its intended purpose, among others.
2. Internal critics (accuracy of the data)

For example, Japanese reports and declarations during the

period of the war should not be taken as a historical fact
hastily.
- Internal criticism entails that the historian acknowledge
and analyze how such reports can be manipulated to be
used war propaganda.
- Validating historical sources is important because the use
of unverified, falsified, and untruthful historical sources
can lead to equally false conclusions.
THANK YOU!