INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Mathematics: analysis and approaches

MAA

EXERCISES [MAA 5.3]

CHAIN RULE
Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis

O. Practice questions

1. [Maximum mark: 2 per function] [without GDC]

Differentiate the functions below. [cover the 3rd column; then compare with your answer]

Function f ( x ) Derivative f ( x ) Correct answer

f ( x )  e x 5 f ( x)  e x 5

f ( x)  e 2 x f ( x)  2e 2 x

f ( x )  e 2 x 5 f ( x)  2e 2 x 5

f ( x )  e5 2 x f ( x)  2e5 2 x

2 2
5 5
f ( x)  e 2 x f ( x)  4 xe 2 x

7 7
5 5
f ( x)  e 2 x f ( x)  14 x 6 e2 x

f ( x )  sin( x  5) f ( x )  cos( x  5)

f ( x )  sin 2 x f ( x )  2 cos 2 x

f ( x )  sin(2 x  5) f ( x )  2 cos(2 x  5)

f ( x )  sin(5  2 x ) f ( x )  2 cos(5  2 x )

f ( x)  sin(2 x 2  5) f ( x)  4 x cos(2 x 2 5)

f ( x)  sin(2 x 7  5) f ( x)  14 x 6 cos(2 x 7 5)

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

Function f ( x ) Derivative f ( x ) Compare with

correct answer

f ( x )  cos( x  5) f ( x )   sin( x  5)

f ( x )  cos 2 x f ( x )  2 sin 2 x

f ( x )  cos(2 x  5) f ( x )  2sin(2 x  5)

f ( x )  cos(5  2 x ) f ( x )  2 sin(5  2 x )

f ( x)  cos(2 x 2  5) f ( x)  4 x sin(2 x 2  5)

f ( x)  cos(2 x 7  5) f ( x)  14 x 6 sin(2 x 7  5)

1
f ( x )  ln( x  5) f ( x) 
x 5
2 1
f ( x )  ln 2 x f ( x)  
2x x
2
f ( x)  ln(2 x  5) f ( x) 
2x  5
2 2
f ( x)  ln(5  2 x) f ( x)  
5  2x 2x  5
4x
f ( x)  ln(2 x 2  5) f ( x) 
2 x2  5

14 x 6
f ( x)  ln(2 x 7  5) f ( x) 
2 x7  5
1
f ( x)  x  5 f ( x) 
2 x 5
1
f ( x)  2 x  5 f ( x) 
2x  5
1
f ( x)  5  2 x f ( x) 
5  2x
2x
f ( x)  2 x 2  5 f ( x) 
2 x2  5
7 x6
f ( x)  2 x  5
7 f ( x) 
2 x7  5

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

Function f ( x ) Derivative f ( x ) Compare with

correct answer

f ( x)  ( x  5)3 f ( x)  3( x  5) 2

f ( x)  (2 x  5)3 f ( x)  6(2 x  5) 2

f ( x)  (5  2 x)3 f ( x)  6(5  2 x) 2

f ( x)  (2 x 2  5)3 f ( x)  12 x(2 x 2  5) 2

f ( x)  (2 x 7  5)3 f ( x)  42 x 6 (2 x 7  5) 2

f ( x)  ( x  5) 3 f ( x)  3( x  5) 4

f ( x)  (2 x  5) 3 f ( x)  6(2 x  5) 4

f ( x)  (5  2 x) 3 f ( x)  6(5  2 x) 4

f ( x)  (2 x 2  5) 3 f ( x)  12 x(2 x 2  5) 4

f ( x)  (2 x 7  5) 3 f ( x)  42 x 6 (2 x 7  5) 4

1
f ( x)  1
x5 f ( x ) 
( x  5) 2
 ( x  5) 1
1
f ( x)  2
2x  5 f ( x ) 
(2 x  5) 2

1
f ( x)  2
5  2x f ( x) 
(5  2 x) 2

1
f ( x)  4 x
2x  5
2
f ( x) 
(2 x 2  5) 2

1
f ( x)  14 x 6
2x  5
7
f ( x ) 
(2 x 7  5) 2

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

Function f ( x ) Derivative f ( x ) Compare with

correct answer

f ( x)  esin x f ( x)  esin x cos x

cos(ln x)
f ( x )  sin(ln x ) f ( x) 
x

f ( x)  sin 4 x f ( x)  4sin 3 x cos x

f ( x)  cos(e x ) f ( x)  e x sin(e x )

f ( x)  3cos 2 x f ( x )  6 cos x sin x

 sin x
f ( x )  ln cos x f ( x)    tan x
cos x

f ( x)  (1  e x )3 f ( x)  3e x (1  e x ) 2

1  ex
f ( x)  x  e x f ( x) 
2 x  ex

cos x
f ( x)  sin x f ( x) 
2 sin x

1 sin x
f ( x)  f ( x ) 
cos x cos 2 x

3 6 cos x
f ( x)  f ( x)  
sin 2 x sin 3 x

f ( x)  e x sin x f ( x)  e x sin x (sin x  x cos x)

f ( x )  x 2 e3 x f ( x )  2 xe 3 x  3 x 2 e 3 x

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

2. [Maximum mark: 24] [without GDC]

Find the derivatives of the following functions

dy
y  f ( x)  f ( x)
dx

y  e2 x  ln(2 x  3)

y  e 2π  ln(2π  3)

y  x 5  2x  1

2x  1
y
3x  5

2x  1
y
(3 x  5) 2

2x  1
y  ln
(3 x  5) 2

(2 x  1)3
y  ln
(3 x  5) 2

x3
y  ln
( x  1)3

3. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

ds
Find for each of the following functions
dt
ds
s (t )
dt

s  10 cos t

s  cos(10 t )

s  cos(t 10 )

s  cos10 t

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

4. [Maximum mark: 3 per function] [without GDC]

Complete the following table, using the chain rule.

dy dy
Function: y Derivative: Function: y Derivative:
dx dx

y  f ( x )3 y  f ( x3 )

y  e f ( x) y  f (e x )

y  sin f ( x ) y  f (sin x )

y  ln f ( x ) y  f (ln x )

y f ( x) y  f ( x)

5. [Maximum mark: 3 per function] [without GDC]

The following table shows the values of two functions f and g and their derivatives
when x  0 and x  1 .
x f ( x) f ( x) g ( x) g ( x)
0 4 1 –4 5
1 –2 3 –1 2
Find the derivatives of the following functions when x  1 .

Function Derivative Derivative at x  1

f (x) 3 3 f ( x) 2 f ( x) 3 f (1) 2 f (1)  3  ( 2) 2  3  36

f ( 2 x  2)

e f (x)

ln f ( x)

f (ln x)

f  g (x) 

g  f ( x)  2 

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

6*. [Maximum mark: 10] [without GDC]

1
(a) Show that the derivative of y  tan x is . [2]
cos 2 x
(b) Hence, differentiate the functions
(i) y  x tan x (ii) y  tan 3 x

(iii) y  tan 2 x (iv) y  tan 3 x [8]

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

A. Exam style questions (SHORT)

7. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

Differentiate the following functions:
(a) f ( x)  2( x 2  5) 3 [2]
2
1
(b) f ( x)  2e x [2]

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8. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

Differentiate the following functions:
x
(a) f ( x)  7e  x  8e 2 [2]

(b) f ( x)  3cos 3 x  x [2]

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9. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

Differentiate the following functions:
π 
(a) f ( x)  ln  x 2  1  2 cos  x  [4]
2 

(b) f ( x)  x 2  5 + 3 x [4]

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

10. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Differentiate the following functions:
(a) f ( x)  (2 x  5)3  (2 x  5) 2  2 x  5 [4]

(b) f ( x)  sin 2 x  cos 2 x [2]

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11. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

Differentiate each of the following with respect to x .
(a) y  x sin 3 x [2]

ln x
(b) y [2]
x

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12. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

Differentiate with respect to x: (i) y  ( x 2  1) 2 . (ii) y  ln(3 x  1)

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

13. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

Differentiate with respect to x (i) 3  4x (ii) esin x

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14. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]

x
Let f ( x )  e 3  5 cos 2 x . Find f ( x) .

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15*. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Let f ( x )  (2 x  7)3 and g ( x )  cos 2 (4 x) . Find (i) f ( x) ; (ii) g ( x )

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

16. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]

2
d y
If y  ln(2 x  1) , find .
dx 2

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17. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

1
If f ( x)  ln(2 x  1) , x  find f ( x ) and the value of x where the gradient of f ( x )
2
is equal to x .

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18. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

1 
The point P  , 0  lies on the graph of the curve of y  sin(2 x  1) .
2 
Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve at P.

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

19. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]

dy 2
Let y  sin(kx )  kx cos( kx ) , where k is a constant. Show that  k x sin(kx).
dx

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20. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Consider the function f ( x )  ln x 2  4 . Find (a) f (x) (b) f (x)

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

21. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Let f (x) = cos 2x and g(x) = ln(3x – 5).
(a) Find f ′(x). [2]
(b) Find g′(x). [2]
(c) Let h(x) = f (x) × g(x). Find h′(x). [2]

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22. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

(a) Let f ( x )  e . Write down f ( x ) .
5x
[2]
(b) Let g ( x )  sin 2 x . Write down g ( x ) . [2]

(c) Let h( x )  e5 x sin 2 x . Find h( x ) . [2]

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

23. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

 π
Let f (x) = e–3x and g(x) = sin x   .
 3

(a) Write down (i) f ′(x); (ii) g ′(x). [2]

 π π
(b) Let h(x) = e–3x sin  x   . Find the exact value of h′   . [4]
 3 3

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24. [Maximum mark: 6] [with / without GDC]

The population p of bacteria at time t is given by p = 100e0.05t. Calculate

(a) the value of p when t = 0; [2]
(b) the rate of increase of the population when t = 10. [4]

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

25. [Maximum mark: 8] [with GDC]

The number of bacteria, n, in a dish, after t minutes is given by n = 800e013t.

(a) Find the value of n when t = 0. [2]
(b) Find the rate at which n is increasing when t = 15. [2]
(c) After k minutes, the rate of increase in n is greater than 10 000 bacteria per
minute. Find the least value of k, where k  . [4]

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26. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

An experiment is carried out in which the number n of bacteria in a liquid, is given by

the formula n  650e kt , where t is the time in minutes after the beginning of the
experiment and k is a constant. The number of bacteria doubles every 20 minutes. Find
(a) the exact value of k ; [3]
(b) the rate at which the number of bacteria is increasing when t  90 . [3]

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

27. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Given that f (1)  2 and f (1)  4 , find the derivatives of the following functions at x =1
(i) y  f ( x) 2 (ii) y  f ( x2 )

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28. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Given that f (1)  2 and f (1)  4 , find the derivatives of the following functions at x =1
(i) y  f ( x )3 (ii) y  f ( x3 )

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29. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Given that f (1)  2 and f (1)  4 , find the derivatives of the following functions at x =1
(i) y  ln f ( x ) (ii) y f ( x)

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

30. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

The following table shows the values of two functions f and g and their derivatives

when x  0 and x  1 :

3 f ( x)
(a) Find the derivative of when x  0 . [4]
g ( x)  1
(b) Find the derivative of f ( g ( x )  2 x ) when x  1 . [4]

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

31. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

1
For the function f : x ֏ sin 2 x  cos x ,
2
(a) find the possible values of sin x for which f ( x )  0 . [3]

(b) solve the equation f ( x )  0 for  π  x  2π . [3]

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32. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Let y  e sin(πx ) . Find
3x

dy
(a) . [3]
dx
dy
(b) the smallest positive value of x for which = 0. [3]
dx

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

33*. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

Let f ( x )  cos 3 ( 4 x  1) , 0  x  1 . Find

(a) f (x) [3]

(b) the exact values of the three roots of f ( x)  0 . [3]

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34*. [Maximum mark: 6] [with / without GDC]

Let f ( x)  x  5 x  5 , x  2 .
2

x2
(a) Find f (x) [3]

(b) Solve f ( x )  2 . [3]

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

35. [Maximum mark: 7] [with GDC]

Let f ( x )  3 x  e x  2  4 , for 1  x  5 .
(a) Find the x -intercepts of the graph of f . [3]

(b) On the grid below, sketch the graph of f . [3]

(c) Write down the gradient of the graph of f at x  2 . [1]

y
3
2
1

x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9
–10

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 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

B. Exam style questions (LONG)

36. [Maximum mark: 10] [with GDC]

Let f ( x )  1  3cos(2 x ) for 0  x   , and x is in radians.

(a) (i) Find f ( x ) .

(ii) Find the values for x for which f ( x )  0 ; Give your answers in terms of  . [6]


The function g ( x ) is defined as g ( x )  f (2 x )  1 , 0  x  .
2
(b) (i) The graph of f may be transformed to the graph of g by a stretch in the
1
x -direction with scale factor 2
followed by another transformation.

Describe fully this other transformation.

(ii) Find the solution to the equation g ( x )  f ( x ) . [4]

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Page 21
 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

37*. [Maximum mark: 14] [with GDC]

The following diagram shows a waterwheel with a bucket. The wheel rotates at a
constant rate in an anticlockwise (counterclockwise) direction.

diagram not to scale

The diameter of the wheel is 8 metres. The centre of the wheel, A, is 2 metres above
the water level. After t seconds, the height of the bucket above the water level is given
by h = a sin bt + 2.
(a) Show that a = 4. [2]
The wheel turns at a rate of one rotation every 30 seconds.
π
(b) Show that b = . [2]
15
In the first rotation, there are two values of t when the bucket is descending at a rate of

0.5 m s–1.
(c) Find these values of t. [6]
(d) Determine whether the bucket is underwater at the second value of t. [4]

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Page 22
 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

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Page 23
 [MAA 5.4] CHAIN RULE

38*. [Maximum mark: 18] [with GDC]

Let f (x) = 3sinx + 4 cos x, for –2π ≤ x ≤ 2π.
(a) Sketch the graph of f. [3]
(b) Write down
π
(i) the amplitude; (ii) the period; (iii) the x-intercept between  and 0. [3]
2
(c) Hence write f (x) in the form p sin (qx + r). [3]
(d) Write down one value of x such that f ′(x) = 0. [2]
(e) Write down the two values of k for which the equation f (x) = k has exactly two
solutions. [2]
(f) Let g(x) = ln(x + 1), for 0 ≤ x ≤ π. There is a value of x, between 0 and 1, for which
the gradient of f is equal to the gradient of g. Find this value of x. [5]

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Page 24