STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS EXPERIMENTAL REPORT

MODULE D

GROUP 4

Giovanni Abel Christian 1406547023

Dizhaldy Ratulangie Ichwan 1506789083

Ridha Amalia Idhar 1506789190

Nadila Rahmariana 1506789165

Date of Experimental : 15th April 2017

Experimental Assistant : Hendro Yan

Date Of Approval :

Score :

Assistant’s Signature :

LABOLATORY OF STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT
ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
DEPOK 2017
 MODULE D.1 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT

I. OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the beam stiffness for the fixed-end supports and fixed-
end and hinged support (uniform beam).
2. To determine carry over moment

II. BASIC THEORY

1. Beam stiffness factor for fixed-end supports can be determined with the
following formula:

𝑀 4 .𝐸 .𝐼
=
𝜃 𝐿

And beam stiffness factor for fixed-end and pinned support can be
determined with the following formula:

𝑀 3 .𝐸 .𝐼
=
𝜃 𝐿

2. The value of carry over moment factor is:

𝑀 4 .𝐸 .𝐼
=
𝜃 𝐿
III. TOOLS
1. Single-span beam with pedestal-free rotation or can be the fixed-end
support in the horizontal position.
2. The tools as the arm for measuring the moment.
3. The direction that can be adjusted with the angle rotation scale with the
division of 0.1 radian.

PICTURE D.1 The experiment of Moment Distribution

Coefficient

Note:

The span of steel beam :60 cm

The span of the beam :10cm

The value of E :2.105 kN/m

IV. THE PROCEDURES

A. The Beam Stiffness
1. Placing the load hanger on the arm of moment support on left side
and inserting the locker on the right side support to avoid the
rotation of (fixed-end and pinned support). Adjusting the rotation
reading to zero on the left side support.
2. Placing a 4N load on the hanger and writing notes for the angle
rotation reading and then lifting the load and adjusting the rotation
reading again.
 3. Performing the step 1 and 2 for 7, 9 and 10 N load.
4. Releasing the locker pin support on the right side and adjusting the
rotation reading on the left side.
5. Performing the 2 and 3 step for hinged-hinged condition.

Picture D.2 The experiment of determining the beam stiffness facto

B. Carry Over

Picture D.3 The experiment of determining Carry Over Moment

1. Placing the load hanger on both the arms of support and adjusting
the rotation reading on the right side and unlocking the two locker
pins.
2. Placing 4 N load on the left side hanger. Adding the load (more less
half of the load on the left side) on the right side hanger until the
rotation reading back to zero. The coefficient of carry over is the
 comparison of the amount of load on the right side with the load on
the left side.
3. Lifting the load and adjusting the rotation reading to zero on the
right support.
4. Performing 2, 3 step for 7, 9 and 10 N load.

V. DATA TABULATION AND CALCULATION

Steel Beam Span : 10.5 mm

Beam Span : 600 mm

E : 2.105 (N/mm2)

b : 25 mm

h : 1.35 mm

I : 5.125 mm4

There are several formulas to determine the indicator to find the beam
stiffness, those are shown as:

For both fixed-end supports and hinged and fixed-end support

𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑀 = P . 𝑙 (N.mm)

!
𝐾 experimental= !

!.!.! !.!.!
𝐾 theoretical= !
𝐾 theoretical= !

𝐾𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦 − 𝐾𝑒𝑥𝑝
𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 = 𝑋 100%
𝐾𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦

For Carry over

!(!"#$)
Carry over(experimental) = !(!"#$)
 𝐶𝑂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦 − 𝐶𝑂𝑒𝑥𝑝
𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 = 𝑋 100%
𝐾𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦

A. Beam Stiffness Factor

For fixed-end and pinned support

No. P L M θ Kexp Ktheo ΔK Relative

(N) (mm) (N.mm) (radian) (M/θ) (3EI/L) Error (%)

1 2 105 210 0.01 21000 5125 15875 309.75

2 4 105 420 0.05 8400 5125 3275 63.9
3 6 105 630 0.06 10500 5125 5375 104.87
4 8 105 840 0.08 10500 5125 5375 104.87
Table D.1 Data Tabulation of fixed-end and pinned support
For both fixed - end supports

No. P L M θ Kexp Ktheo ΔK Relative Error

(N) (mm) (N.mm) (radian) (M/θ) (4EI/L) (%)
1 2 105 210 0.015 14000 6833.33 7166.67 104.87
2 4 105 420 0.03 14000 6833.33 7166.67 104.87
3 6 105 630 0.05 12600 6833.33 5766.67 84.39
4 8 105 840 0.06 14000 6833.33 7166.67 104.87
Table D.2 Data Tabulation of both fixed – end supports

B. Carry Over Moment

No. Load (N) CarryOver CarryOver Δ Relative

(R/L) (Theo) CarryOver Error (%)
Left Right
1 2 1 0.5 0.5 0 0
2 4 2.1 0.525 0.5 0.025 0.05
3 6 3 0.5 0.5 0 0
4 8 4 0.5 0.5 0 0

Table D.3 Data Tabulation of Carry Over Moment

VI. ANALYSIS
1. Experimental Analysis
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the beam stiffness
and the magnitude of carry over moment. The experiment starts by
preparing the apparatus and machine, which is a single beam spam with
supports located symmetrically 600 millimeters away. There are also
moment arms with the length of 105 millimeters located at the other
hand of the supports to place the load. The rotation scale was installed at
each supports to measure the magnitude of rotation in radian when the
load is applied. The load hanger and the load are also prepared. The little
iron stick that stuck in the support that nears where the load hanger will
be placed must be removed, so that there is a rotation happen at the
support. The first experiment that was conducted is the Beam Stiffness.
Firstly, for the two-fixed end support, the support at the other end
was locked with the little iron stick, so that the other support does not
have any rotation and resembles a fixed support. The load hanger was
placed at the moment arm. Then, the rotation scale was reset to 0 to
exclude the rotation caused by the hanger load. After that, the 2 N load
is placed in to the load hanger. Once the load is placed, the value shown
in the rotation scale is noted. Then, the load is placed again for another 2
N load and the rotation magnitude is noted again. The step was repeated
again until it reaches 8 N cumulatively. The loads were removed from
the load hanger after the last rotation value was noted, and the rotation
scale was reset to zero. The difficulties when doing the experiment is
that the practicans sometimes does not look at the rotation carefully.
Which is why the experiment of certain loads are repeated several times
to make sure that the procedure is correct
 Next, for the fixed end support and pinned support, the support at
the other end was unlocked by removing the little iron stick, so that the
other support does have rotation and resembles a pinned support. After
that, the 2 N load is placed into the load hanger. The value in the
rotation scale of the support that near the load hanger only that was
noted. The load is placed again for another 2 N load and the rotation
magnitude is noted again. The step was repeated again until it reaches 8
N cumulatively. The loads were removed from the hanger after the last
rotation value was noted, and the rotation scale was reset to zero. In this
experiment, the scale rotation is more sensitive. The practicans were
very careful when putting the load in the load hanger. However there is
some times where the practicans did not careful when putting the load,
so it causes an impact load that can create fallacy in the data.
Lastly for the Carry Over Moment, the other load hanger is placed
at the end of the other moment arms. Then, both rotation scale was reset
to zero. The 2 N load then, placed at the moment arm on the left-hand
side and noted the magnitude of load. The right-hand support will have a
rotation value due to the moment caused by the load. Stabilize the
moment by making the right-hand support rotation value become zero,
by placing the load into the load hanger. Once moment is stable, the
magnitude of load needed for it to stabilize was noted. The steps were
repeated until the load is 8 N cumulatively. This experiment was the
most accurate than the previous ones due to the magnitude of moment of
supports are theoretically correct, so the practicans do not need a lot of
time in doing the experiment.

2. Result Analysis
Beam Stiffness
Before doing the experiment, the apparatus are measured to obtain
the dimensions. The dimensions that are obtained are Length of beam,
height of beam, base of beam and moment arm. These dimensions is
necessary in calculating the moment, Inertia and the stiffness. The
young’s modulus used is 200000 MPa since the beam is steel. The data
obtained from the experiments are the magnitude of load and its rotation
value.
The stiffness or K of a two-fixed end support is
! ! .! .!
!
= !
while for the fixed end support and pinned support is
! ! .! .!
!
= !
. The value of K theoritcally for fixed-end support and pined

support is 5125 and for two fixed-end support is 6833.33.

Compare to the K obtained experimentally, the value of K is varies
for every load applied as shown below.

M θ Kexp
(N.mm) (radian) (M/θ)

210 0.01 21000

420 0.05 8400
630 0.06 10500
840 0.08 10500
Table D.4 Experiment Data of fixed-end and pinned support

M θ Kexp
(N.mm) (radian) (M/θ)
210 0.015 14000
420 0.03 14000
630 0.05 12600
840 0.06 14000
Table D.5 Experiment Data of two fixed-end support

For the fixed-end and pinned support, the value of K varies and the
differences are far except for the last two data. Meanwhile for the two
fixed-end supports the K almost same for all the Moment applied,
except for the Moment equal to 840 N mm. By comparing the value of
K of both experiment data, The K values in two-fixed end supports are
larger than in the fixed end support and pinned support. This means that
the more rigid a structure is then, the bigger the value of K is. Structure
with the two fixed and moment has 0 degree of freedom, the structure is
locked which is why it is more rigid. Meanwhile, for the structure with a
fixed end support and a pinned support on the other hand has 1 degree of
freedom, which is why it is less rigid.
However, when comparing the result of K experimentally and K
theoretically, the differences is big. As shown below.

Kexp Ktheo ΔK Relative

(M/θ) (3EI/L) Error (%)

21000 5125 15875 309.75

8400 5125 3275 63.9
10500 5125 5375 104.87
10500 5125 5375 104.87
Table D6. Data comparison of K between theory and experiment in
fixed end and pinned support

Kexp Ktheo ΔK Relative

(M/θ) (4EI/L) Error (%)
14000 6833.33 7166.67 104.87
14000 6833.33 7166.67 104.87
12600 6833.33 5766.67 84.39
14000 6833.33 7166.67 104.87
Table D7. Data comparison of K between theory and experiment in two-
fixed end
The average error is more than 100% means that the experiment
value and theoretical value is very different. The cause of big
differences is probably the error in measuring the dimension of the
 beam. The beam is very thin, so a slight difference can make a big
difference in data calculation.
Carry-Over Moment
The Theory of the carryover states that when a moment is applied
at one end of a beam two-fixed support, the other end or the other fixed
support only withstand half of what the moment on the other side. For
example, 2 Nmm is applied one end (fixed support) of a beam, so the
other fixed support withstands 1Nmm since 1Nmm is half of 2 Nmm.

No. Load (N)

Left Right
1 2 1
2 4 2.1
3 6 3
4 8 4
Table D.6 Data of Carry Over Experiment
The data almost perfectly proof that the carry-over theory. The
Load or moment is applied in the left side of the beam, and the right side
of the beam receive or withstand half of the moment at the other end. The
slight difference in data number 2 may be caused by error during the
experiment.

3. Error Analysis

There are several errors that occurs during the experiment of

stiffness and carry over moment which are:

1. The impact load caused by the load when the practican did
not carefully drop the load to the load hanger
2. Misreading of rotation dial reading when noting the value
of rotation angle
 3. Miscalculation and misreading of the dimension using the
calipers due to lack of practican’s knowledge in using the
calipers

VII. CONCLUSION
• The beam stiffness can be obtained by dividing the moment with angle of
rotation
• The experiment’s data of beam stiffness is far from the theory due to some
errors occurred
• The carry over theory is proven through the experiment, since the
experiment is only have 0.05% relative errors
• When there is a moment occurs at the other end of a beam in which a fixed
support, the other end (fixed support as well) of a beam will take half of
the moment from the other end’s
• In order to produce more accurate result, it is essential to use the calipers
carefully several times not only once, as well as noting the reading of
rotation dial. To make sure that the reading is not false

VIII. REFERENCES
Pedoman Praktikum Analisis, Laboratorium Struktur dan Material,
Departemen Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik Universitas
Indonesia:Depok,2015
IX. APPENDIXES
Picture D.4 The apparatus of experiment

Picture D.5 Rotation

scale in the support

MODULE D.2 THE DISPLACEMENTOF FIXED-END MOMENT

I. OBJECTIVES

To conclude the statically indeterminate beam in accordance to the different

decrement of the support

II. BASIC THEORY

Edge of the fixed-end moment, if one of the beam edge (fixed-end and
fixed-end) moves relatively, can be moved to the other edge, with the
amount of:

a. Both fixed-end supports

6 .𝐸 .𝐼 .𝛥
𝑀𝑎 = 𝑀𝑏 =
𝐿²

b. Pinned support from edge B

3 . 𝐸 . 𝐼. 𝛥
𝑀𝑎 =
𝐿²

For beam with both fixed-end support has fixed-end moment with the
same direction, which is shown as:
 Ma = Mb = -M

If point B is replaced with hinged support so Mb = 0. So M and carry

over is added + ½ M to point A. If one of the edge is hinged support ,
the formula is shown:

Ma = -M + ½ M = - ½ M

Picture D.1Beam with both fixed-end supports

III. TOOLS
1. Single-span beam.
2. Moment that can spin its angle freely or can be the fixed-end support on
the horizontal position.
3. The arm of the beam that can measure the moment.
4. Tools guide and angle rotation scale on the left support.
5. Fulcrum plate for left support.
6. 4 pieces of plate.
7. Caliper.
IV. THE PROCEDURES
 Picture D.2 fixed-end supports in a beam with T plate

1. The left support (A) is supported by the fulcrum plate. Placing the
load hanger on the arm of moment support and inserting the locker
on the right side support to avoid the rotation. Adjusting the rotation
reading to zero on the left side support.
2. Loosening the nut support on the left side support and placing a
plastic T plate below the fulcrum support. Tightening back the nut.
3. Adding a load on load hanger until the angle rotation reading
becomes 0.
4. Performing the 2,3 step until the 4 plates are installed
5. Releasing the locker pin from the right side support. Performing the
2, 3 and 4 step.
6. Measuring the thickness of each plastic T plate using caliper.

V. DATA TABULATION AND CALCULATION

Overhang : 10.5 mm

Beam Span : 600 mm

E : 2.105 (N/mm2)

b : 25 mm

h : 1.35 mm

I : 5.125 mm4

T1 : 12.5 mm
T2 : 12.75 mm

T3 : 18.75 mm

T4 : 11.5 mm

Two Fixed-End Supports

Xtheoretical = 6

No. P I L M Δ Xexp Xtheory ΔX Relative

2
(N) (mm) (mm) (I.P) (mm) (ML /EI Error
Δ) (%)
1 2 105 600 210 12.5 5.9 6 0.1 1.67
2 3 105 600 315 25.25 4.38 6 1.62 27
3 4 105 600 420 44 3.35 6 2.65 55.83
4 5 105 600 525 55.5 3.32 6 2.68 55.33
Table D.1 Data tabulation of fixed – end and pinned supports

Fixed-End and Pinned-End Support

Xtheoretical = 3

No. P I L M Δ Xexp Xtheor ΔX Relativ

(N) (mm (mm (I.P) (mm) (ML2/EI y e Error
) ) Δ) (%)
1 4.7 105 600 493.5 12.5 13.86 3 10.86 78.35
2 5 105 600 525 25.25 7.3 3 4.3 31.02
3 6 105 600 630 44 5.02 3 2.02 14.57
4 8 105 600 840 55.5 5.31 3 2.31 16.67
Table D.2 Data tabulation of both fixed-end support
VI. ANALYSIS
1. Experimental Analysis
This experiment is intended to conclude the statically
indeterminate beam in accordance to the different decrement of the
support The experiment starts by preparing the apparatus and machine,
which is a single beam spam with supports located symmetrically 600
millimeters away. There are also moment arms with the length of 105
millimeters located at the other hand of the supports to place the load.
The rotation scale was installed at each supports to measure the
magnitude of rotation in radian when the load is applied. The plate to
create the displacement of support is also prepared. The little iron stick
that stuck in the support where the displacement will occur was remove,
so that there is a rotation happen at the support. The dimensions of the
apparatus are measured with the ruler and calipers.
Firstly, for the two-fixed end support, the support at the other end
was locked with the little iron stick, so that the other support does not
have any rotation and resembles a fixed support. The load hanger was
placed at the moment arm. Then, the rotation scale was reset to zero.
After that, the first plate (T1) was placed underneath the support by
pulling the support up and inserting the plate below the support. The
rotation scale will move and create a certain value. To find the
magnitude of moment that occurs in the support, the loads was placed
into the load hanger until the rotation scale reaches to 0. Once the scale
reaches to 0, the magnitude of load that was applied noted. The load and
the plate removed, and the rotation scale was reset to 0 again. Next, the
first plate (T1) and second plate (T2) were inserted underneath the
support and the loads once again placed into the load hanger to make the
rotation scale reaches zero, and the number of load was noted. The steps
were repeated until the fourth plate (T4). After the last reading, the load
and plate are removed. During the adding of the plate, the practicans
have a hard time in putting the plate below the support. At one time, the
 rotation scale shows a different value of rotation when applying the
same amount of plate.
Secondly, for the fixed end support and pinned end support, the
support at the other end was unlocked by removing with little iron stick,
so that the other support does have any rotation and resembles a pinned
support. Then, the rotation scale was reset to zero. After that, the first
plate (T1) was placed underneath the support by pulling the support up
and inserting the plate below the support. The rotation scale will move
and create a certain value. To find the magnitude of moment that occurs
in the support, the loads was placed into the load hanger until the
rotation scale reaches to 0. Once the scale reaches to 0, the magnitude of
load that was applied noted. The load and the plate removed, and the
rotation scale was reset to 0 again. Next, the first plate (T1) and second
plate (T2) were inserted underneath the support and the loads once again
placed into the load hanger to make the rotation scale reaches zero, and
the number of load was noted. The steps were repeated until the fourth
plate (T4). After the last reading, the load and plate are removed. The
difficulties was when the rotation scale did not shows the same amount
of value when putting the same amount of plate underneath the support.
This cause the practicans to retry the experiment at takes longer time. It
also affect the magnitude of coefficient in the data calculation.

2. Result Analysis
The data obtained from the experiment are the load and the range
of displacement. The load that is obtained from the experiment are going
to be converted into moment by multiplying with the moment arm
(105mm). Once the moment magnitude is obtained, the value of
!!!
coefficient (X) can be obtained by using !"
in which the L and I are
obtained from dimensions and the E is the young’s modulus of steel.
 Theoretically, to calculate the moment of fixed support due to
displacement in the beam with the condition of at the end of beam with
both fixed end moment at the end of the beam, the following formula is
! .! .! .!
used: 𝑀 = !²
. It is shown that the coefficient is 6. Meanwhile, to

calculate the moment of fixed support due to displacement with the

condition of fixed end support at one end and pinned support at the other
! .! .! .!
end, the following formula is used 𝑀 = !²
. It is shown that the

coefficient is 3. So, the coefficient or X for the two-fixed end support is

6 and the coefficient or X for fixed end support and pinned support is 3.
The experimental calculation requires the Moment, Length of
beam, Young’s Modulus, Moment of Inertia and range of displacement
as obtained below:

No. P I L M Δ Xexp
(N) (mm) (mm) (I.P) (mm) (ML2/EI Δ)
1 4.7 105 600 493.5 12.5 13.86
2 5 105 600 525 25.25 7.3
3 6 105 600 630 44 5.02
4 8 105 600 840 55.5 5.31
Table D.3 Data of fixed – end and pinned supports

No. P I L M Δ Xexp
(N) (mm) (mm) (l.P) (mm) (ML2/EI Δ)

1 2 105 600 210 12.5 5.9

2 3 105 600 315 25.25 4.38
3 4 105 600 420 44 3.35
4 5 105 600 525 55.5 3.32
Table D.4 Data of two fixed – end and supports
 The data shows that the value of X differs for every load applied. However,
the Values of X in the two fixed-end supports only have slight difference with
each other. The structure with fixed end support and pinned support requires more
moment to stabilize the structure because only one fixed end support that able to
withstand the moment. On the other hand, the two-fixed end supports requires less
moment at one of the support because there are two fixed end supports in which
both of them are able to withstand moment. However, the experimental magnitude
is not correlate with the theoretical magnitude. The theory stated that the two
fixed end moment structure has bigger magnitude of moment as well as the
coefficient.

To proof the value of coefficient theoretical is correct is by comparing the

coefficient through with the experiment. The comparison of the values is shown
below:

Xexp Xtheory ΔX Relative Error (%)

(ML2/EI Δ)
5.9 6 0.1 1.67
4.38 6 1.62 27
3.35 6 2.65 55.83
3.32 6 2.68 55.33
Table D.5 Data of two fixed – end and supports

Xexp Xtheory ΔX Relative Error (%)

(ML2/EI Δ)
13.86 3 10.86 78.35
7.3 3 4.3 31.02
5.02 3 2.02 14.57
5.31 3 2.31 16.67
Table D.6 Data of two fixed – end and supports
 Unfortunately, the values of X in the both experiment have a quite
amount of difference. The cause of this amount of difference is probably the
misreading of the beam height when using the calipers. The slight difference in
beam height causes the difference in the moment of inertia which effect the value
of X.

3. Error Analysis

There are several errors that occurs during the experiment of

stiffness and carry over moment which are:

1. The impact load caused by the load when the practican did
not carefully drop the load to the load hanger
2. Misreading of rotation dial reading when noting the value
of rotation angle
3. Miscalculation and misreading of the dimension using the
calipers due to lack of practican’s knowledge in using the
calipers

VII. CONCLUSION
• To conclude this experiment, the more displacement in a structure,
then the bigger moment it will occur
• The two-fixed end support withstand less moment than the fixed
end and pinned support
• The more rigid the structure, then the more stable is the structure
• In order to produce more accurate result, it is essential to use the
calipers carefully several times not only once, as well as noting the
reading of rotation dial. To make sure that the reading is not false
VIII. REFERENCES
Pedoman Praktikum Analisis, Laboratorium Struktur dan Material,
Departemen Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik Universitas
Indonesia:Depok,2015
 IX. APPENDIXES

Picture D.2 Support

Picture D.1 Support stacked with four plates
stacked with three plates
 MODULE D.3 THE FIXED-END MOMENT

I. OBJECTIVES

To determine fixed-end moment in accordance to the central load in the

fixed-end supports and hinged and fixed-end support condition.

II. BASIC THEORY

In the moment distribution, the release because of the fixed-end moment if

considered in the both fixed-end supports condition, one of the joints, then
the initial beam is considered as both fixed-end supports and moment at the
edge occurred. Moment on the joint is decreased to 0 by adding the same
value of moment or in the opposite direction and carry over.

a. For load in the middle of the beam on both fixed-end supports, the
moment is determined:

𝑃. 𝐿
𝑀𝑎 = 𝑀𝑏 =
8

For load not in the middle of the beam, the moment is determined:

𝑃 . 𝑎 . 𝑏² 𝑃. 𝑎 ! . 𝑏
𝑀𝑎 = 𝑀𝑏 =
𝐿² 𝐿²

b. For load not in the middle of the beam on the fixed-end and hinged
support, the moment is determined:

3 .𝑃 .𝐿
𝑀𝑎 =
16
 Picture D.1. The load is in the middle of the beam

III. TOOLS
1. Single-span beam.
2. Moment that can spin its angle freely or can be the fixed-end support
on the horizontal position.
3. The arm of the beam that can measure the moment.
4. Tools guide and angle rotation scale on both supports with the scale
of 0.01 radiant.
5. The load hanger that can be installed along the beam.

IV. PROCEDURES
1. Placing the load hanger in the middle of beam span. Placing the load
hanger on both the supports and in the middle of the span. Adjusting the
angle rotation reading on both supports.
2. Placing 2 N load onto the load hanger in the middle of the beam. After
that adding load on the moment until the angle rotation reading becomes
0. Recording the value of the load.
 Image D.1 The load hanger is placed in the 30 cm length of the beam
from point A

3. Lifting the load and adjusting the rotation to 0.

4. Performing the 2, 3 step for 8,10,12 N load.

V. DATA TABULATION AND CALCULATION

Beam Span : 600 mm

E : 2.105 (N/mm2)

l : 105 mm

I : 5.125 mm4

No. a b W L l Pa Pb Mexp (N.mm) Mtheo = Pab2/L2

(mm) (mm) (N) (mm) (mm) (N) (N) (N.mm)
Ma Mb Ma Mb
1 300 300 2 600 105 1 1.2 105 126 150 150
300 300 4 600 105 2.5 2.5 262.5 262.5 300 300
300 300 6 600 105 4.1 4.2 430.5 441 450 450
300 300 8 600 105 5.5 5.5 577.5 577.5 600 600
2 150 450 2 600 105 1.5 0.5 157.5 52.5 168.7 56.25
150 450 4 600 105 2.5 1.5 262.5 157.5 337.5 112.5
150 450 6 600 105 4 3 420 315 506.25 168.75
150 450 8 600 105 6 4 630 420 675 225
Table D.1 Data tabulation of fixed-end moment experiment
 Mtheo = Pab2/L2
Mexp (N.mm) (N.mm) ΔM Relative Error (%)
No. Ma Mb Ma Mb Ma Mb Ma Mb
105 126 150 150 45 24 30 16
262.5 262.5 300 300 37.5 37.5 12.5 12.5
430.5 430.5 450 450 19.5 19.5 4.33 4.33
1 577.5 577.5 600 600 22.5 22.5 3.75 3.75
157.5 52.5 168.7 56.25 11.2 3.75 6.63 6.67
262.5 157.5 337.5 112.5 75 45 22.22 40
420 315 506.25 168.75 86.25 146.25 17.03 86.67
2 630 420 675 225 45 195 6.67 86.67

Table D.2 Data tabulation of fixed-end moment experiment and the relative
mistakes

VI. ANALYSIS
1. Experiment Analysis
This is experiment is intended to determine fixed-end moment in
accordance to the central load in the fixed-end supports and hinged and
fixed-end support condition.
The experiment starts by preparing the apparatus and machine,
which is a single beam spam with supports located symmetrically 600
millimeters away. There are also moment arms with the length of 105
millimeters located at the other hand of the supports to place the load.
 The rotation scale was installed at each supports to measure the
magnitude of rotation in radian when the load is applied. The little iron
stick that stuck in the both support was remove, so that there is a rotation
happen at the support. The dimensions of the apparatus are measured
with the ruler and calipers.
Firstly, for the first experiment, the load hanger placed in the
middle of the beam. Once the load hanger was placed, the rotation scale
was reset to 0 to exclude the moment caused by the load hanger. Then,
the load added start from 2N, when the load was added the rotation scale
in both support will have value. To find out the value of moment in both
supports, the load added into the hanger near the supports until the
rotation scale reaches to 0. Once the rotation scale reaches to 0 in both
supports, the load that was inserted into the load hanger near supports
are noted. The steps were repeated until the load 8N.
Next, for the second experiment, the load hanger placed in 150
millimeters away from support a and 450 millimeters away from support
b. Once the load hanger was placed, the rotation scale was reset to 0 to
exclude the moment caused by the load hanger. Then, the load added
start from 2N, when the load was added the rotation scale in both
support will have value. To find out the value of moment in both
supports, the load added into the hanger near the supports until the
rotation scale reaches to 0. Once the rotation scale reaches to 0 in both
supports, the load that was inserted into the load hanger near supports
are noted. The steps were repeated until the load 8N. The difficulties
during the experiment was when stabilizing the moment of both support.
The left-hand support requires more load than the right-hand side. The
amount of loads are limited, to the practicans have to calculate the
amount of loads inserted to the load hanger.

2. Result Analysis
 The data obtained from the experiment are the loads on each side
of support and the loads in the middle of the beam. This experiment is
intended to obtain the value of moment in fixed supports when there is a
load applied in the beam. The dimension of the apparatus is also
obtained through the measurement using ruler and calipers.
Theoretically, when there is a load applied in the middle of the
beam, both fixed end supports will withstand the same magnitude of
moment. To find the magnitude of moment with the load in the middle
!.!
of the beam, the following formula is used 𝑀𝑎 = 𝑀𝑏 = !
. Meanwhile

when the load is not located exactly in the middle of the beam, the
! .! .!² !.! ! .!
formula used is 𝑀𝑎 = !²
and 𝑀𝑏 = !²
.

However, in the experiment, the calculation of magnitude of

moment is by multiplying the loads with the length of moment arms.

No. a b W L l Pa Pb Mexp (N.mm)

(mm) (mm) (N) (mm) (mm) (N) (N) Ma Mb
1 300 300 2 600 105 1 1.2 105 126
300 300 4 600 105 2.5 2.5 262.5 262.5
300 300 6 600 105 4.1 4.2 430.5 441
300 300 8 600 105 5.5 5.5 577.5 577.5
2 150 450 2 600 105 1.5 0.5 157.5 52.5
150 450 4 600 105 2.5 1.5 262.5 157.5
150 450 6 600 105 4 3 420 315
150 450 8 600 105 6 4 630 420
Table D.1 Data tabulation of fixed-end moment experiment

The first data where the load is located in the middle of the beam
shows that the magnitude of Moment a and Moment b is almost the
same. It should be the same theoretically. Meanwhile the second that
where the load is located not in the middle of the beam shows that the
 magnitude of Moment a is bigger Moment b different. It is due to that
the load is located nearer to the support a.
To find the accuracy of the magnitude of moment, it is essential to
compare the magnitude of moment both theoretically and
experimentally as shown in the table below

Mtheo = Pab2/L2
Mexp (N.mm) (N.mm) ΔM Relative Error (%)
No. Ma Mb Ma Mb Ma Mb Ma Mb
105 126 150 150 45 24 30 16
262.5 262.5 300 300 37.5 37.5 12.5 12.5
430.5 430.5 450 450 19.5 19.5 4.33 4.33
1 577.5 577.5 600 600 22.5 22.5 3.75 3.75
157.5 52.5 168.7 56.25 11.2 3.75 6.63 6.67
262.5 157.5 337.5 112.5 75 45 22.22 40
420 315 506.25 168.75 86.25 146.25 17.03 86.67
2 630 420 675 225 45 195 6.67 86.67

Table D.2 Data tabulation of fixed-end moment experiment and the

relative error

The first data where the load is located in the middle of the beam
have more accurate result of moment. The magnitude of moment for
both fixed end support should have been the same, unfortunately the
experiment data shows that the moment magnitude of both fixed end
supports is slightly different. This may have been caused by some errors
that occurred during the experiment. On the other hand, the second data
have less accurate result in regard to the theory’s magnitude of moment
 since the fixed supports in the second data does not withstand the same
magnitude of moment.

3. Error Analysis

There are several errors that occurs during the experiment of

stiffness and carry over moment which are:

1. The impact load caused by the load when the practican did
not carefully drop the load to the load hanger
2. Misreading of rotation dial reading when noting the value
of rotation angle
3. Miscalculation and misreading of the dimension using the
calipers due to lack of practican’s knowledge in using the
calipers

VII. CONCLUSION
• The value of moment in the support can be calculated applying load
in the moment arm of the support
• When the load is applied in the middle of the beam, both fixed and
supports withstand the same magnitude of moment
VIII. REFERENCE
• Pedoman Praktikum Analisis, Laboratorium Struktur dan Material,
Departemen Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik Universitas
Indonesia:Depok,2015
IX. APPENDIXES

Figure Module D.3 while measure the Load of each support

Figure Module D.4 Stabilizing the moment of both supports