COMP 1 OTHER INPUT DEVICES

• EPOS Digital Pen

COMPUTER – an electronic device operating under the • Webcam
control of instructions stored in its own - Live video

INPUT DEVICES for the PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED

• Visual Impairments
- Voice recognition
Input – data entered to a computer system for processing - Keyboards with large keys
- From people or machines to computers - On-screen keyboards
Output – the presentation of results of processing • Motor control issues
- From computers to humans or other machines - Special trackballs
- Head-mounted devices
DATA AND INFORMATION
Data – raw facts or unprocessed items such as text, numbers,
images, audio, and video 2. OUTPUT DEVICES
Information – data that is organized, meaningful, and useful Hardware that conveys information to a user

MONITOR TYPES
• CRT (Cathode-Ray Tube)
- Less expensive
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE - Uses more space
Hardware – physical parts of the computer that you can - Uses more energy
touch, feel and weigh - Offers better viewing angles
Software – non-physical parts of the computer - Legacy technology
- The instructions or programs that tell the • LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
hardware how to behave - more expensive
- uses far less space
THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER (hardware) - more energy efficient
1. Input devices - less viewable from an angle
2. Output devices
3. System unit COMPUTER OUTPUTS
4. Storage devices • Softcopy output – output on monitor or sounds
5. Communication devices from the speakers which are temporary
• Hardcopy output – the output from printers, or
1. INPUT DEVICES printed output can be physically handled, folded
Hardware used to enter data and instructions into
a computer
3. SYSTEM UNIT
MICE Box-like case containing electronic components
• Optical Mouse used to process data
- needs no mouse pad
- doesn’t need cleaning
- is more expensive THE FRONT PANEL
• Trackball • Power control
- Easier on wrists • Drive bays
- Stays stationary on desk • Memory card reader
• Wireless • Productivity ports
- Uses radio or light waves

New Mouse Features ON THE BACK

- Instant viewer • Ports for peripherals
- Magnifier
- Customizable buttons Types of ports:
- Web search - Serial and parallel
- Audio and video
INPUTTING SOUND - USB
• Microphones – are used for: - FireWire
- Podcasts - Connectivity
- Video-conferencing ▪ Ethernet
- Internet phone calls ▪ Modern
- Speech recognition
 INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT COMPUTER SOFTWARE
• Essential electronic components used to
process data Software – set of programs/instructions that tells the
computer what to do and how to do it
Types:
- Power supply • System Software – programs that control or maintain
- Hard disk drive the operations of the computer and its devices
- Motherboard - Operating System (OS) – set of programs that
- CPU coordinate all the activities of a computer
- Expansion cards - Provides the interface between the
user and the computer’s hardware.
POWER CONTROLS - I.e., Microsoft DOS, Microsoft
• Power-on button: turns on system, Windows 95, 98, 2000, XP, Window7,
should not be used to turn it off UNIX, LINUX
• Other options - Utility Programs – allow the users to perform
- Sleep mode functions such as printing file, copying file,
- Hibernation listing file names etc..
- Warm boot
• Application Software – programs that perform specific
THE MOTHERBOARD tasks for users
• CPU - Software suite – popular software applications
• RAM bundled together as a single unit
• Expansion cards and slots
• Built-in components

MEMORY MODULE
• Random access memory (RAM)
• Stores instructions and data
• Temporary (volatile) storage
• Operates in nanoseconds

4. STORAGE
Holds data, instructions, and information for future
use

STORAGE MEDIA CAPABILITIES

BUYING SOFTWARE
• Software may be purchased
- Through retail stores
- Online
- At computer shows
- Through catalogs
• Preinstalled software
• Web-based application software
- Hosted on a Web site
- Requires no installation on your computer
• Discounted software

5. COMMUNICATION DEVICE FREEWARE AND SHAREWARE

- Hardware component that enables a computer to • Freeware – copyrighted software you can get free
send and receive data, instructions and • Beta versions – programs still under development
information to and from one or more computers • Shareware – software that allows users to run it for a
- A widely used communication device is a modem, limited time free of charge
which is used to connect your computer to the • Open Source – free to use
internet through telephone line
WHY IS A COMPUTER SO POWERFUL? 5. SUPERCOMPUTERS – the fastest, most powerful and
COMPUTER’S STRENGTHS expensive computer
1. Speed - Used for applications requiring complex
2. Accuracy mathematical calculations such as medicine,
3. Consistency aerospace, automotive design, online banking,
4. Reliability weather forecasting, nuclear energy research,
5. Storage and petroleum exploration
6. Communications

CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SOCIETY

1. Personal computers - Education
2. Mobile computers - Finance
3. Midrange servers - Government
4. Mainframe computers - Healthcare
5. Supercomputers - Science
- Publishing
1. Personal computers – most popular computers are - Travel
either desktop or notebook PCs - Industry

Desktop computer – designed so all of the computers fit

on or under a desk or table DIGITAL HOME
Notebook computer – also called a laptop In digital home, you can control home systems from
- Portable, small enough to fit on your lap your computer and via the internet
- Generally more expensive than a desktop
computer
- Can operate on batteries or a power supply or Digital Home COMPONENTS
both • Media computer with:
- TV tuner
- Radio tuner
2. MOBILE COMPUTERS - Media software
- Blu-ray, DVD, and/or CD
Tablet PC – resembles a letter-sized slate - Network adapter
- Allows you to write on the screen using a - A network
stylus - A digital television
- Smaller version is the modular computer - A digital media adapter
- A universal remote
HANDHELD COMPUTERS – small enough to fit in your hand
- Used by mobile employees such as meter NETWORK – collection of computers and devices connected
readers and delivery people via communications devices and transmission media
- Each computer or device connected to the
Personal digital assistant (PDA) – provides personal network is called a node
organizer functions
• Calendar Advantages of using a network / reasons business use a
• Appointment book network
• Address book - Facilitate communication
• Calculator - Share hardware
• Notepad - Share software
Smartphones – web-enabled telephone - Share data and information
- Allow you to check e-mail and access the - Transfer funds
Internet
CLIENT/SERVER NETWORKS
3. MIDRANGE SERVER – greater processing power, storage • Server-based network
capacity and reliability than personal computers - Clients and servers
- Typically supports several hundred and • Data flows efficiently
sometimes up to a few thousand connected • Servers respond to requests from clients
computers • Servers perform specific tasks
- Known as minicomputers in the past • Scalable
• Centralized
4. MAINFRAME – large, expensive, very powerful,
computer that can handle 100s or 1000s of
connected computers
- Large storage capacity
- Used in large organizations
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF CLIENT/ SERVER NETWORKS Avoiding Data Collisions on an Ethernet Network
• LAN
- Local area network
- Computers linked over a small geographic region
• WAN
- Wide area network
- Computers linked over large geographic
locations
• MAN
- Metropolitan area network
- Computers linked within a city or country
• PAN
- Personal area network
- Wireless devices connected in close proximity to
each other
• Intranet
- Private corporate network URLs (Uniform Resource Locator)
- Protected by a firewall - Unique web site address
• Extranets
- Only certain corporations or individuals can
access
- Useful for enabling electronic data interchange
- Use virtual private networks for security INTERNET COMMUNICATIONS
• Instant messaging
• Podcasts
WIRED ETHERNET NETWORKS • Blogs and vlogs
• Ethernet network adapters are used to connect nodes • Webcasts
- NIC card • Wikis
- PC card • Voice over internet (VoIP)
- USB adapter • E-mail
• Computers are connected to each other using
unshielded twisted pair cable SOCIAL NETWORKS – online personal network
(MySpace.com and Facebook.com)
- Members share common interests
- Members communicate by voice, chat, IM, video,
and blogs
NETWORK TOPOLOGY – layout of computers and devices in - Members create personalized profiles
network. Popular topologies are bus, ring, and star - Growth has been explosive
- Risks must be recognized and reduced
• Bus network
- All computers and devices connect to central GROWTH COMMUNICATION
cable, or bus • Internet social networks
- Inexpensive and easy to install • Multiplayer online game services
- Easy to add or delete devices from network
• Chat rooms
- Failure of one device does not affect the rest of the
• Newsgroups
network
• Listservs
• Ring network
- Cable forms closed ring, or loop, with all
Being a Savvy Computer User and Consumer
computers and devices arranged along ring
• Avoid hackers and viruses
- Data travels from device to device around entire
• Protect your privacy
ring, in one direction
- If a computer or device on a ring network fails, all • Understand the real privacy and security risks
devices before the failed device are unaffected, • Use the internet wisely
but those after the failed device cannot function • Avoid online annoyances
• Star network • Maintain your computer
- All devices to a central system • Make good purchase decisions
- All data transferred from one computer to another • Integrate the latest technology
passes through the central system How Computers are Attacked
- Needs only one control unit • Trojan Horse
- But if control unit fails, the whole network fails • Backdoor program
- Zombies
• Denial of service attacks (DoS)
• Distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS)
Rexiel Ann O. Purcon BSA 2