School Of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, NUST

ME-115 Engineering Mechanics (Fall 2023)

Name: Aqib Nadeem CMS: 408902

Section: B Group: 02

Experiment 10: Study of Static and Dynamic Balancing

Objectives:
 Show static and dynamic balancing.
Apparatus:
 Static and Dynamic Balancing Machine
 Weights
Theory:
The balancing of rotating machinery is a common problem in engineering that
requires a solution. Balanced machines are quiet and impose a minimal load on the
machine elements and their surroundings. This has the economic benefits of reducing
the costs of both manufacturing and operation of the machine. In certain cases, unless a
machine is quiet, its operation may not be tolerable or even permitted. If too much
vibration occurs in moving parts than it might result in cracks in machinery parts, thus
reducing durability and increasing operational cost of machinery. Moreover, the
machinery has to go under regular inspection to check for cracks, if this is not done than
a long run machinery without proper maintenance might end up in a big disaster.
In real life, though parts may be made to very high accuracies, none are ever perfect.
Thus, parts which should have their center of gravity on the axis of rotation are often
slightly eccentric. Sometimes this eccentricity and the out of balance forces can be
ignored. However, it is usually necessary to determine the position and magnitude of the
out of balance force so that it may be corrected. Then material may be either added to or
removed from the part to compensate and reduce the dynamic force to within an
acceptable limit.

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Procedure:
For Static Equilibrium:
Some methods to achieve static equilibrium are:
 Identify the Axis of Rotation: Determine the axis around which the object will
rotate. This could be a specific point or line depending on the object's geometry.
 Locate the Center of Mass: Find the center of mass of the object. This can be
done by hanging the object and marking the point where it remains stationary.
Alternatively, for simple shapes, the center of mass can be calculated based on the
geometry.
 Align the Center of Mass with the Axis: Adjust the object's position or add
counterweights to ensure that the center of mass coincides with the axis of
rotation.
Dynamic Equilibrium:
 Before moving on to start the experiment physically you need to create a
theoretical data table.
 Using the equations of dynamic equilibrium written below employ the test and
trial method to satisfy the equation under different condition i.e., changing the
angles and the distance b/w the weights.
The equations used are as follows.
⅀miri ai sin(θi) = 0
⅀miri ai cos(θi) = 0
 In the above equations, m is mass of blocks, r is
distance b/w the center of mass of block and axis of
rotation, a is the distance of block from end of the
shaft, while θ is the angle of the block. m and r remain
constant for all blocks. While, θ and ai changes for
individual block.
 Now, we need to find a combination of values of a i and θ for which both of the
equations are satisfied.
 Once we find that combination, we head towards to physical part of the
experiment.
 Using the tabular values of ai and θ we adjust the blocks at specified distances and
angles.
 Fasten the nuts which tightens the blocks with the axel.

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  Attach the belt to the pulley and place the protective hood on the apparatus.
 Start the apparatus and feel the vibration produced during the rotation of axel.
 A perfectly balanced system produces no vibrations. Bur under non-ideal
condition a little bit of vibrations might be produced.
 If the vibrations produced are high than turn of the machine and adjust the blocks
again.

Readings and Calculations:

 Using the equations, we found this situation where the system is balanced:
⅀miri ai sin(θi) = 0

(0.5) (0.5)(0.5)(sin90) +(0.5)(0.10)(0.5)(sin270) +(0.5)(0.15)(0.5)(sin270)

+(0.5)(0.20)(0.5)(sin90) =0

0=0
For ⅀miri ai cos(θi) = 0

(0.5) (0.5)(0.5)(cos90) +(0.5)(0.10)(0.5)(cos270) +(0.5)(0.15)(0.5)(cos270) +

(0.5)(0.20)(0.5)(cos90) =0

0=0
Here, 𝑎1 = 0.05𝑚, 𝑎2 = 0.10𝑚, 𝑎3 = 0.15𝑚, 𝑎4 = 0.2𝑚 and 𝜃1 = 90°,
𝜃2 = 270°, 𝜃3 = 270°, 𝜃4 = 90°

Results and Discussion:

 Dynamic balancing depends on the even distribution of mass around the axis of
rotation.
 It also depends on the distance on the blocks from the end of shaft. Usually, the
sum of the distance of two blocks having same angle should be equal to the sum
of distance of the other two blocks having same distance to satisfy the equation of
dynamic balancing. (Distance measured from same end of shaft for all blocks)
 Geometry of the rotating body also effects the approach used for dynamic
balancing. Like a round object will be easy to balance rather than an irregular
shaped object.
 The center of mass of body should align with the axis of rotation for better
dynamic balance.

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Conclusion:
Concluding all what’s studied, we can say that static and dynamic balancing are an
integral part of efficient systems and machinery. By extensively studying and
developing better approaches to achieve balancing we can make more efficient
machines having less energy losses and increased efficiency. Making better balanced
systems we can reduce the maintenance and operational cost of machines while
improving the durability of moving parts as well.

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