Scribd
Upload
42 views

Machines Tutorial Sheet #2 (2024)

This document contains 7 problems related to electrical machines: 1. Calculates torque on a two-coil rotor placed in a magnetic field with varying current in each coil. 2. Analyzes an inductor with varying inductance based on displacement, examining energy storage and power dissipation. 3. Calculates work and energy supplied to a plunger actuator as its gap varies while current is supplied. 4. Finds minimum voltage needed to lift an iron slab using an electromagnet against gravitational force. 5. Derives torque expression on a rotor from coils with varying self and mutual inductance carrying an AC current. 6. Similarly derives instantaneous and average torque on a rotor from

Uploaded by

Riya Koreti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
42 views

Machines Tutorial Sheet #2 (2024)

This document contains 7 problems related to electrical machines: 1. Calculates torque on a two-coil rotor placed in a magnetic field with varying current in each coil. 2. Analyzes an inductor with varying inductance based on displacement, examining energy storage and power dissipation. 3. Calculates work and energy supplied to a plunger actuator as its gap varies while current is supplied. 4. Finds minimum voltage needed to lift an iron slab using an electromagnet against gravitational force. 5. Derives torque expression on a rotor from coils with varying self and mutual inductance carrying an AC current. 6. Similarly derives instantaneous and average torque on a rotor from

Uploaded by

Riya Koreti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Electrical Machines Tutorial Sheet #2 (2024)

1. The rotor of Fig. 1 has two coils. The rotor is nonmagnetic and is placed in a uniform
magnetic field of magnitude B0. The coil sides are of radius R and are uniformly spaced
around the rotor surface. The first coil is carrying a current I1 and the second coil is carrying a
current I2.

Fig. 1: Two coil rotor for Problem 1.

(a) Assuming that the rotor is 0.30m long, R = 0.13m, and B0 = 0.85T, find the θ-directed
torque as a function of rotor position for (i) I1=0A and I2=5A, (ii) I1=5A and I2=0A, and (iii)
I1=8A and I2=8A.
(b) Now, the winding currents of rotor are controlled as a function of rotor angle α such that
I1=8sinα A and I2=8cosα A. Write an expression for the rotor torque as a function of the rotor
position α.

2. An inductor has an inductance which is found experimentally to be of the form


2𝐿0
𝐿=
1 + 𝑥⁄𝑥0
where L0 =30 mH, x0 =0.87 mm, and x is the displacement of a movable element. The
winding resistance is measured and found to be equal to 110 mΩ
(a) The displacement x is held constant at 0.90 mm and the current is increased from 0 to
6.0A. Find the resultant magnetic stored energy in the inductor.
(b) The current is then held constant at 6.0A and the displacement is increased to 1.80mm.
Find corresponding change in magnetic stored energy.
(c) The inductor is now driven by a sinusoidal current source of the form i(t)=Io sinωt where
Io = 5.5A and ω=100π (50Hz). With the displacement held fixed at x=xo, calculate (i) The
time averaged magnetic stored energy in the inductor (ii) The time averaged power dissipated
in the winding resistance.
3. Consider the cylindrical plunger actuator of Fig. 2. Assume that the plunger is initially
fully opened (g=2.25 cm) and that a battery is used to supply a current of 2.5 A to the
winding. Consider the permeability of the cast steel to be infinite.
(a) If the plunger is constrained to move very slowly, (i.e., slowly compared to the electrical
time constant of the actuator), reducing the gap g from 2.25 to 0.2 cm, how much mechanical
work in joule will be supplied to the plunger?
(b) For the conditions of part (a), how much energy will be supplied by the battery (in excess
of the power dissipated in the coil).

Fig. 2: Plunger actuator for Problem 3

4. As shown in Fig. 3, an N turn electromagnet is used to lift a slab of iron of mass M. The
surface roughness of the iron is such that when the iron and the electromagnet are in contact,
there is a minimum air gap of gmin= 0.18 mm in each leg. The electromagnet cross-sectional
area Ac= 32 cm and coil resistance is 2.5 Ω. Calculate the minimum coil voltage which must
be used to lift a slab of 95 kg against the force of gravity. Neglect the reluctance of the iron.

Fig. 3: Electromagnet lifting an iron slab in Problem 4


5. Two coils, one mounted on a stator and the other on a rotor, have self and mutual
inductances of
L11=3.5 mH L22=1.8 mH L12=2.1 cosθ mH
where θ is the angle between the axis of the coils. The coils are connected in series and carry
a current i=√2 I sin ωt
(a) Derive an expression for the instantaneous torque T on the rotor as a function of the
angular position θ.
(b) Find an expression for the time-averaged torque Tavg as a function of θ.
(c) Compute the numerical value of Tavg for I = 10 A and θ = 90o.
(d) Sketch curves of Tavg versus θ for currents I = 5, 7.07 and 10 A.

6. Two windings, one mounted on a stator and the other on a rotor, have self and mutual
inductances of
L11=4.5 H L22=2.5 H L12=2.8 cosθ H
where θ is the angle between the axis of the windings. The resistances of the windings may
be neglected. Winding 2 is short circuited, and the current in winding 1 as a function of time
is i1=10 sin ωt A.
(a) Derive an expression for the numerical value in newton - meters of the instantaneous
torque on the rotor in terms of the angle θ.
(b) Compute the time averaged torque in newton - meters when θ = 45o.

7. The reciprocating generator of Fig 5 has a movable plunger (position x) which is supported
so that it can slide in and out of the magnetic yoke while maintaining a constant air-gap of
length g on each side adjacent to the yoke, Both the yoke and the plunger are can be
considered to be of infinite permeability. The motion of the plunger is constrained such that
its position is limited to 0 ≤ x ≤ w.
There are two windings on the magnetic circuit. The first has N1 turns and carries a constant
DC current I0. The second, which has N2 turns, is open-circuited and can be connected to a
load.
(a) Neglecting any fringing effects, find the mutual inductance between the windings 1 and 2
as a function of the plunger position x.
(b) The plunger is driven by an external source so that its motion is given by
𝑤(1 + 𝛽 sin 𝜔𝑡)
𝑥=
2
where β ≤ 1. Find an expression for the voltage which is generated as a result of this motion.
Take depth of the core is D.
Fig. 5: Reciprocating generator in Problem 7

You might also like